One breath of impure air shortens our life--Difficulty of getting
pure air to breathe in houses and cars--Foul air in steam
cars--Want of the proper knowledge regarding ventilation among
all classes--Want of ventilation in this lecture room--Want
of ventilation in the Cooper Institute, and in many other new
and splendid buildings--Street cars very foul--My own chamber
fully ventilated--I have no new patent idea, sufficient for all
time without further thought--Constantly varying conditions
require separate intelligent thought and action--The air
moves horizontally in summer--Flues are then of no account--We
must depend on open doors and windows--How to ventilate a sick
room in the morning--The same in the evening--Windows should
always lower from the top--To make air move in the summer is
the great desideratum--When in motion the cold air falls and
warm air rises; when at rest, it is arranged in horizontal
layers, according to temperature--A flue is simply a passage
for air of different temperatures--Experiments with flues
of different temperatures--Expansion of air by heat--Weight
required to keep it from expanding--Heating air weakens it
instead of giving it power--Experiments showing draughts by
lighted candles--Ventilation of churches--Illustrations not
exaggerated--Examination of church in neighborhood--Fresh air
taken from foul cellar--No fresh air supplied to churches used as
hospitals in Washington--Depending on a sham ventilator painted
on the solid wall--Foul air in Philadelphia schools--New York
public schools--Many of the ventilators perfect shams--Covered up
air-tight by the capping stones--Importance of the evaporation
of water--A strong fire in basement will draw gas out of
second story stove--A strong fire up stairs will draw foul
gases from untrapped sewers--A very healthy location may
thus be made very unhealthy--Drs. Palmer, Ford and Earle's
report of epidemic at Maple Wood Institute--An arrangement for
ventilation that ought to be in every house--Flues generally
too small, especially in Philadelphia--Very large ones put in
government hospitals, which proved thoroughly efficient--The
leading points in regard to heating--The fresh air must be
warmed before entering in winter--A hot water furnace requires
additional moisture--Heating by steam--Steam-pipes ought to be
laid through the street the same as gas and water--Two-thirds
of heating surface should be for heating the fresh air and one
third for direct radiation--Forty pounds of water required to
be evaporated every minute for U. S. Senate Chamber--All stoves
should have fresh-air boxes--Dampers in fresh air-boxes not
good--Experience has fully demonstrated that careful attention
to these things will be amply rewarded by increased health,
strength, happiness and longevity.