confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit
bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in
payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, _ex post facto_ law, or
law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of
nobility.
2. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts
or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary
for executing its inspection laws: and the net produce of all duties and
imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use
of the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject
to the revision and control of the Congress.
3. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of
tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any
agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or
engage in war unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as
will not admit of delay.
ARTICLE II
SECTION 1. 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the
United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of
four years, and, together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same
term, be elected, as follows:
2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof
may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of senators
and representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress;
but no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust
or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector.[7] The
electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for
two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same
State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons
voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall
sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of
the United States, directed to the president of the Senate. The
President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House
of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then
be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the
President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors
appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and
have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall
immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and if no person
have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House
shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the
President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from
each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a
member or members from two-thirds of the States and a majority of all
the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the
choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes
of the electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain
two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by
ballot the Vice-President.[8]
3. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the
day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same
throughout the United States.
4. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United
States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be
eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be
eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of
thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United
States.
5. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death,
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress
may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or
inability both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what
officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act
accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be
elected.
6. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a
compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive
within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of
them.
7. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the
following oath or affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I
will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States,
and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the
Constitution of the United States."
SECTION 2. 1. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States,
when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require
the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the
executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their
respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and
pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of
impeachment.
2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present
concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of
the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and
consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the
United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for,
and which shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law vest
the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the
President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.
3. The President shall have power to fill all vacancies that may happen
during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall
expire at the end of their next session.
SECTION 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information
on the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such
measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on
extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in
case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of
adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper;
he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take
care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the
officers of the United States.
SECTION 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the
United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and
conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.
ARTICLE III
SECTION 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in
one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from
time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and
inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and
shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which
shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.
SECTION 2. 1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and
equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States,
and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;--to
all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;--to
all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;--to controversies to
which the United States shall be a party;--to controversies between two
or more States;--between a State and citizens of another
State;[9]--between citizens of different States;--between citizens of
the same State claiming lands under grants of different States;--and
between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens,
or subjects.
2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and
consuls and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court
shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before
mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as
to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the
Congress shall make.
3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by
jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes
shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the
trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have
directed.
SECTION 3. 1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in
levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them
aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the
testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in
open court.
2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason,
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture
except during the life of the person attainted.
ARTICLE IV
SECTION 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And
the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such
acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
SECTION 2. 1. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all
privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.
2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime,
who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall on
demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be
delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the
crime.
3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or
regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall
be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may
be due.
SECTION 3. 1. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this
Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the
jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction
of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the
legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful
rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property
belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall
be so construed as to prejudice any claims, of the United States, or of
any particular State.
SECTION 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this
Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them
against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the
executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic
violence.
ARTICLE V
The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the
application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States,
shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case,
shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution,
when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several
States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the
other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided
that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight
hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth
clauses in the ninth Section of the first article; and that no State,
without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the
Senate.
ARTICLE VI
1. All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the
adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United
States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
2. This Constitution and the laws of the United States which shall be
made in pursuance thereof and all treaties made, or which shall be made,
under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of
the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything
in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary
notwithstanding.
3. The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of
the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers,
both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by
oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no religious test
shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust
under the United States.
ARTICLE VII
The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient
for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so
ratifying the same.
Done in Convention by the unanimous consent of the States present the
seventeenth day of September in the year of our Lord one thousand seven
hundred and eighty-seven and of the independence of the United States of
America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our
names,
G^O. WASHINGTON--
Presidt. and Deputy from Virginia
[and thirty-eight members from all the States except Rhode Island.]
* * * * *
Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the Constitution of the
United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the
legislatures of the several States pursuant to the fifth article of the
original Constitution.
ARTICLE I[10]
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of
speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to
assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
ARTICLE II
A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free
State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be
infringed.
ARTICLE III
No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without
the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be
prescribed by law.
ARTICLE IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,
and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be
violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause,
supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place
to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
ARTICLE V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in
actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be
subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or
limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness
against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without
due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use,
without just compensation.
ARTICLE VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have
been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and
cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against
him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor,
and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.
ARTICLE VII
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no
fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the
United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
ARTICLE VIII
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor
cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
ARTICLE IX
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
ARTICLE X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor
prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively,
or to the people.
ARTICLE XI[11]
The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend
to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the
United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects
of any foreign State.
ARTICLE XII[12]
The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot
for President and Vice-President, one of whom at least shall not be an
inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their
ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the
person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists
of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as
Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they
shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the
government of the United States, directed to the President of the
Senate;--The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate
and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes
shall then be counted;--The person having the greatest number of votes
for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of
the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such
majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding
three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of
Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But
in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the
representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this
purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the
States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice.
And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President
whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth
day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as
President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional
disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of
votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be
a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person
have a majority, then from the two highest members on the list, the
Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall
consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a majority of
the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person
constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible
to that of Vice-President of the United States.
ARTICLE XIII[13]
SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a
punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their
jurisdiction.
SECTION 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.
ARTICLE XIV[14]
SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States
and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any
law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the
United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty,
or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within
its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
SECTION 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of
persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right
to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and
Vice-President of the United States, representatives in Congress, the
executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the
legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such
State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States,
or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other
crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the
proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the
whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
SECTION 3. No person shall be a senator or representative in Congress,
or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or
military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having
previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of
the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an
executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution
of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion
against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But
Congress may by two-thirds vote of each House, remove such disability.
SECTION 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States,
authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and
bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall
not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall
assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or
rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or
emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims
shall be held illegal and void.
SECTION 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate
legislation, the provisions of this article.
ARTICLE XV[15]
SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not
be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of
race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
SECTION 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.
ARTICLE XVI[16]
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from
whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States,
and without regard to any census or enumeration.
ARTICLE XVII[17]
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from
each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each
senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the
qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the
State legislature.
When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate,
the executive authority of each State shall issue writs of election to
fill such vacancies: _Provided_ that the legislature of any State may
empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the
people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as to effect the election or
term of any senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the
Constitution.
ARTICLE XVIII[18]
SECTION 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the
manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the
importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United
States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for
beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
SECTION 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent
power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
SECTION 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been
ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the
several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from
the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
ARTICLE XIX[19]
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied
or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex.
The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY STATES: 1920, 1910, 1900
+---------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| STATES | POPULATION |
+ +--------------+--------------+--------------+
| | 1920 | 1910 | 1900 |
+---------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
|United States | 105,708,771 | 91,972,266 | 75,994,575 |
+---------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
|Alabama | 2,348,174 | 2,138,093 | 1,828,697 |
|Arizona | 333,903 | 204,354 | 122,931 |
|Arkansas | 1,752,204 | 1,574,449 | 1,311,564 |
|California | 3,426,861 | 2,377,549 | 1,485,053 |
|Colorado | 939,629 | 799,024 | 539,700 |
|Connecticut | 1,380,631 | 1,114,756 | 908,420 |
|Delaware | 223,003 | 202,322 | 184,735 |
|District of Columbia | 437,571 | 331,069 | 278,718 |
|Florida | 968,470 | 752,619 | 528,542 |
|Georgia | 2,895,832 | 2,609,121 | 2,216,331 |
|Idaho | 431,866 | 325,594 | 161,772 |
|Illinois | 6,485,280 | 5,638,591 | 4,821,550 |
|Indiana | 2,930,390 | 2,700,876 | 2,516,462 |
|Iowa | 2,404,021 | 2,224,771 | 2,231,853 |
|Kansas | 1,769,257 | 1,690,949 | 1,470,495 |
|Kentucky | 2,416,630 | 2,289,905 | 2,147,174 |
|Louisiana | 1,798,509 | 1,656,388 | 1,381,625 |
|Maine | 768,014 | 742,371 | 694,466 |
|Maryland | 1,449,661 | 1,295,346 | 1,188,044 |
|Massachusetts | 3,852,356 | 3,366,416 | 2,805,346 |
|Michigan | 3,668,412 | 2,810,173 | 2,420,982 |
|Minnesota | 2,387,125 | 2,075,708 | 1,751,394 |
|Mississippi | 1,790,618 | 1,797,114 | 1,551,270 |
|Missouri | 3,404,055 | 3,293,335 | 3,106,665 |
|Montana | 548,889 | 376,053 | 243,329 |
|Nebraska | 1,296,372 | 1,192,214 | 1,066,300 |
|Nevada | 77,407 | 81,875 | 42,335 |
|New Hampshire | 443,407 | 430,572 | 411,588 |
|New Jersey | 3,155,900 | 2,537,167 | 1,883,669 |
|New Mexico | 360,350 | 327,301 | 195,310 |
|New York | 10,384,829 | 9,113,614 | 7,268,894 |
|North Carolina | 2,559,123 | 2,206,287 | 1,893,810 |
|North Dakota | 645,680 | 577,056 | 319,146 |
|Ohio | 5,759,394 | 4,767,121 | 4,157,545 |
|Oklahoma | 2,028,283 | 1,657,155 | 790,391 |
|Oregon | 783,389 | 672,765 | 413,536 |
|Pennsylvania | 8,720,017 | 7,665,111 | 6,302,115 |
|Rhode Island | 604,397 | 542,610 | 428,556 |
|South Carolina | 1,683,724 | 1,515,400 | 1,340,316 |
|South Dakota | 636,547 | 583,888 | 401,570 |
|Tennessee | 2,337,885 | 2,184,789 | 2,020,616 |
|Texas | 4,663,228 | 3,896,542 | 3,048,710 |
|Utah | 449,396 | 373,351 | 276,749 |
|Vermont | 352,428 | 355,956 | 343,641 |
|Virginia | 2,309,187 | 2,061,612 | 1,854,184 |
|Washington | 1,356,621 | 1,141,990 | 518,103 |
|West Virginia | 1,463,701 | 1,221,119 | 958,800 |
|Wisconsin | 2,632,067 | 2,333,860 | 2,069,042 |
|Wyoming | 194,402 | 145,965 | 92,531 |
+---------------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
FOOTNOTES:
[3] Partly superseded by the 14th Amendment, p. 639.
[4] See the 17th Amendment, p. 641.
[5] _Ibid._, p. 641.
[6] See the 16th Amendment, p. 640.
[7] The following paragraph was in force only from 1788 to 1803.
[8] Superseded by the 12th Amendment, p. 638.
[9] See the 11th Amendment, p. 638.
[10] First ten amendments proposed by Congress, Sept. 25, 1789.
Proclaimed to be in force Dec. 15, 1791.
[11] Proposed Sept. 5, 1794. Declared in force January 8, 1798.
[12] Adopted in 1804.
[13] Adopted in 1865.
[14] Adopted in 1868.
[15] Proposed February 27, 1869. Declared in force March 30, 1870.
[16] Passed July, 1909; proclaimed February 25, 1913.
[17] Passed May, 1912, in lieu of paragraph one, Section 3, Article I,
of the Constitution and so much of paragraph two of the same Section as
relates to the filling of vacancies; proclaimed May 31, 1913.
[18] Ratified January 16, 1919.
[19] Ratified August 26, 1920.
APPENDIX
TABLE OF PRESIDENTS
NAME STATE PARTY YEAR IN VICE-PRESIDENT
OFFICE
1 George Washington Va. Fed. 1789-1797 John Adams
2 John Adams Mass. Fed. 1797-1801 Thomas Jefferson
3 Thomas Jefferson Va. Rep. 1801-1809 Aaron Burr
George Clinton
4 James Madison Va. Rep. 1809-1817 George Clinton
Elbridge Gerry
5 James Monroe Va. Rep. 1817-1825 Daniel D. Tompkins
6 John Q. Adams Mass. Rep. 1825-1829 John C. Calhoun
7 Andrew Jackson Tenn. Dem. 1829-1837 John C. Calhoun
Martin Van Buren
8 Martin Van Buren N.Y. Dem. 1837-1841 Richard M. Johnson
9 Wm. H. Harrison Ohio Whig 1841-1841 John Tyler
10 John Tyler[20] Va. Whig 1841-1845
11 James K. Polk Tenn. Dem. 1845-1849 George M. Dallas
12 Zachary Taylor La. Whig 1849-1850 Millard Fillmore
13 Millard Fillmore[20] N.Y. Whig 1850-1853
14 Franklin Pierce N.H. Dem. 1853-1857 William R. King
15 James Buchanan Pa. Dem. 1857-1861 J.C. Breckinridge
16 Abraham Lincoln Ill. Rep. 1861-1865 Hannibal Hamlin
Andrew Johnson
17 Andrew Johnson[20] Tenn. Rep. 1865-1869
18 Ulysses S. Grant Ill. Rep. 1869-1877 Schuyler Colfax
Henry Wilson
19 Rutherford B. Hayes Ohio Rep. 1877-1881 Wm. A. Wheeler
20 James A. Garfield Ohio Rep. 1881-1881 Chester A. Arthur
21 Chester A. Arthur[20] N.Y. Rep. 1881-1885
22 Grover Cleveland N.Y. Dem. 1885-1889 Thomas A. Hendricks
23 Benjamin Harrison Ind. Rep. 1889-1893 Levi P. Morton
24 Grover Cleveland N.Y. Dem. 1893-1897 Adlai E. Stevenson
25 William McKinley Ohio Rep. 1897-1901 Garrett A. Hobart
Theodore Roosevelt
26 Theodore Roosevelt[20]N.Y. Rep. 1901-1909 Chas. W. Fairbanks
27 William H. Taft Ohio Rep. 1909-1913 James S. Sherman
28 Woodrow Wilson N.J. Dem. 1913-1921 Thomas R. Marshall
29 Warren G. Harding Ohio Rep. 1921- Calvin Coolidge
FOOTNOTES:
[20] Promoted from the vice-presidency on the death of the president.
POPULATION OF THE OUTLYING POSSESSIONS: 1920 AND 1910
----------------------------------------+--------------+---------------
AREA | 1920 | 1910
----------------------------------------+--------------+---------------
United States with outlying possessions |117,857,509 | 101,146,530
+--------------+---------------
Continental United States |105,708,771 | 91,972,266
Outlying Possessions | 12,148,738 | 9,174,264
+--------------|---------------
Alaska | 54,899 | 64,356
American Samoa | 8,056 | 7,251[21]
Guam | 13,275 | 11,806
Hawaii | 255,912 | 191,909
Panama Canal Zone | 22,858 | 62,810[21]
Porto Rico | 1,299,809 | 1,118,012
Military and naval, etc., service | |
abroad | 117,238 | 55,608
Philippine Islands |10,350,640[22]| 7,635,426[23]
Virgin Islands of the United States | 26,051[24]| 27,086[25]
----------------------------------------+--------------+---------------
FOOTNOTES:
[21] Population in 1912.
[22] Population in 1918.
[23] Population in 1903.
[24] Population in 1917.
[25] Population in 1911.
A TOPICAL SYLLABUS
As a result of a wholesome reaction against the purely chronological
treatment of history, there is now a marked tendency in the direction of
a purely topical handling of the subject. The topical method, however,
may also be pushed too far. Each successive stage of any topic can be
understood only in relation to the forces of the time. For that reason,
the best results are reached when there is a combination of the
chronological and the topical methods. It is therefore suggested that
the teacher first follow the text closely and then review the subject
with the aid of this topical syllabus. The references are to pages.
=Immigration=
I. Causes: religious (1-2, 4-11, 302), economic (12-17, 302-303),
and political (302-303).
II. Colonial immigration.
1. Diversified character: English, Scotch-Irish, Irish, Jews,
Germans and other peoples (6-12).
2. Assimilation to an American type; influence of the land
system (23-25, 411).
3. Enforced immigration: indentured servitude, slavery, etc.
(13-17).
III. Immigration between 1789-1890.
1. Nationalities: English, Irish, Germans, and Scandinavians
(278, 302-303).
2. Relations to American life (432-433, 445).
IV. Immigration and immigration questions after 1890.
1. Change in nationalities (410-411).
2. Changes in economic opportunities (411).
3. Problems of congestion and assimilation (410).
4. Relations to labor and illiteracy (582-586).
5. Oriental immigration (583).
6. The restriction of immigration (583-585).
=Expansion of the United States=
I. Territorial growth.
1. Territory of the United States in 1783 (134 and color map).
2. Louisiana purchase, 1803 (188-193 and color map).
3. Florida purchase, 1819 (204).
4. Annexation of Texas, 1845 (278-281).
5. Acquisition of Arizona, New Mexico, California, and other
territory at close of Mexican War, 1848 (282-283).
6. The Gadsden purchase, 1853 (283).
7. Settlement of the Oregon boundary question, 1846 (284-286).
8. Purchase of Alaska from Russia, 1867 (479).
9. Acquisition of Tutuila in Samoan group, 1899 (481-482).
10. Annexation of Hawaii, 1898 (484).
11. Acquisition of Porto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam at
close of Spanish War, 1898 (493-494).
12. Acquisition of Panama Canal strip, 1904 (508-510).
13. Purchase of Danish West Indies, 1917 (593).
14. Extension of protectorate over Haiti, Santo Domingo, and
Nicaragua (593-594).
II. Development of colonial self-government.
1. Hawaii (485).
2. Philippines (516-518).
3. Porto Rico (515-516).
III. Sea power.
1. In American Revolution (118).
2. In the War of 1812 (193-201).
3. In the Civil War (353-354).
4. In the Spanish-American War (492).
5. In the Caribbean region (512-519).
6. In the Pacific (447-448, 481).
7. The rôle of the American navy (515).
=The Westward Advance of the People=
I. Beyond the Appalachians.
1. Government and land system (217-231).
2. The routes (222-224).
3. The settlers (221-223, 228-230).
4. Relations with the East (230-236).
II. Beyond the Mississippi.
1. The lower valley (271-273).
2. The upper valley (275-276).
III. Prairies, plains, and desert.
1. Cattle ranges and cowboys (276-278, 431-432).
2. The free homesteads (432-433).
3. Irrigation (434-436, 523-525).
IV. The Far West.
1. Peculiarities of the West (433-440).
2. The railways (425-431).
3. Relations to the East and Europe (443-447).
4. American power in the Pacific (447-449).
=The Wars of American History=
I. Indian wars (57-59).
II. Early colonial wars: King William's, Queen Anne's, and King
George's (59).
III. French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), 1754-1763 (59-61).
IV. Revolutionary War, 1775-1783 (99-135).
V. The War of 1812, 1812-1815 (193-201).
VI. The Mexican War, 1845-1848 (276-284).
VII. The Civil War, 1861-1865 (344-375).
VIII. The Spanish War, 1898 (485-497).
IX. The World War, 1914-1918 [American participation, 1917-1918]
(596-625).
=Government=
I. Development of the American system of government.
1. Origin and growth of state government.
_a._ The trading corporation (2-4), religious congregation
(4-5), and proprietary system (5-6).
_b._ Government of the colonies (48-53).
_c._ Formation of the first state constitutions (108-110).
_d._ The admission of new states (_see_ Index under each
state).
_e._ Influence of Jacksonian Democracy (238-247).
_f._ Growth of manhood suffrage (238-244).
_g._ Nullification and state sovereignty (180-182, 251-257).
_h._ The doctrine of secession (345-346).
_i._ Effects of the Civil War on position of states (366,
369-375).
_j._ Political reform--direct government--initiative,
referendum, and recall (540-544).
2. Origin and growth of national government.
_a._ British imperial control over the colonies (64-72).
_b._ Attempts at intercolonial union--New England
Confederation, Albany plan (61-62).
_c._ The Stamp Act Congress (85-86).
_d._ The Continental Congresses (99-101).
_e._ The Articles of Confederation (110-111, 139-143).
_f._ The formation of the federal Constitution (143-160).
_g._ Development of the federal Constitution.
(1) Amendments 1-11--rights of persons and states (163).
(2) Twelfth amendment--election of President (184, note).
(3) Amendments 13-15--Civil War settlement (358, 366, 369,
370, 374, 375).
(4) Sixteenth amendment--income tax (528-529).
(5) Seventeenth amendment--election of Senators (541-542).
(6) Eighteenth amendment--prohibition (591-592).
(7) Nineteenth amendment--woman suffrage (563-568).
3. Development of the suffrage.
_a._ Colonial restrictions (51-52).
_b._ Provisions of the first state constitutions
(110, 238-240).
_c._ Position under federal Constitution of 1787 (149).
_d._ Extension of manhood suffrage (241-244).
_e._ Extension and limitation of negro suffrage (373-375,
382-387).
_f._ Woman suffrage (560-568).
II. Relation of government to economic and social welfare.
1. Debt and currency.
_a._ Colonial paper money (80).
_b._ Revolutionary currency and debt (125-127).
_c._ Disorders under Articles of Confederation (140-141).
_d._ Powers of Congress under the Constitution to coin money
(_see_ Constitution in the Appendix).
_e._ First United States bank notes (167).
_f._ Second United States bank notes (257).
_g._ State bank notes (258).
_h._ Civil War greenbacks and specie payment (352-353, 454).
_i._ The Civil War debt (252).
_j._ Notes of National Banks under act of 1864 (369).
_k._ Demonetization of silver and silver legislation
(452-458).
_l._ The gold standard (472).
_m._ The federal reserve notes (589).
_n._ Liberty bonds (606).
2. Banking systems.
_a._ The first United States bank (167).
_b._ The second United States bank--origin and destruction
(203, 257-259).
_c._ United States treasury system (263).
_d._ State banks (258).
_e._ The national banking system of 1864 (369).
_f._ Services of banks (407-409).
_g._ Federal reserve system (589).
3. The tariff.
_a._ British colonial system (69-72).
_b._ Disorders under Articles of Confederation (140).
_c._ The first tariff under the Constitution (150, 167-168).
_d._ Development of the tariff, 1816-1832 (252-254).
_f._ Tariff and nullification (254-256).
_g._ Development to the Civil War--attitude of South and West
(264, 309-314, 357).
_h._ Republicans and Civil War tariffs (352, 367).
_i._ Revival of the tariff controversy under Cleveland (422).
_j._ Tariff legislation after 1890--McKinley bill (422),
Wilson bill (459), Dingley bill (472), Payne-Aldrich bill
(528), Underwood bill (588).
4. Foreign and domestic commerce and transportation
(_see_ Tariff, Immigration, and Foreign Relations).
_a._ British imperial regulations (69-72).
_b._ Confusion under Articles of Confederation (140).
_c._ Provisions of federal Constitution (150).
_d._ Internal improvements--aid to roads, canals, etc.
(230-236).
_e._ Aid to railways (403).
_f._ Service of railways (402).
_g._ Regulation of railways (460-461, 547-548).
_h._ Control of trusts and corporations (461-462, 589-590).
5. Land and natural resources.
_a._ British control over lands (80).
_b._ Early federal land measures (219-221).
_c._ The Homestead act (368, 432-445).
_d._ Irrigation and reclamation (434-436, 523-525).
_e._ Conservation of natural resources (523-526).
6. Legislation advancing human rights and general welfare
(_see_ Suffrage).
_a._ Abolition of slavery: civil and political rights of
negroes (357-358, 373-375).
_b._ Extension of civil and political rights to women
(554-568).
_c._ Legislation relative to labor conditions (549-551,
579-581, 590-591).
_d._ Control of public utilities (547-549).
_e._ Social reform and the war on poverty (549-551).
_f._ Taxation and equality of opportunity (551-552).
=Political Parties and Political Issues=
I. The Federalists _versus_ the Anti-Federalists [Jeffersonian
Republicans] from about 1790 to about 1816 (168-208, 201-203).
1. Federalist leaders: Hamilton, John Adams, John Marshall,
Robert Morris.
2. Anti-Federalist leaders: Jefferson, Madison, Monroe.
3. Issues: funding the debt, assumption of state debts, first
United States bank, taxation, tariff, strong central
government _versus_ states' rights, and the Alien and
Sedition acts.
II. Era of "Good Feeling" from about 1816 to about 1824, a period
of no organized party opposition (248).
III. The Democrats [former Jeffersonian Republicans] _versus_ the
Whigs [or National Republicans] from about 1832 to 1856
(238-265, 276-290, 324-334).
1. Democratic leaders: Jackson, Van Buren, Calhoun, Benton.
2. Whig leaders: Webster and Clay.
3. Issues: second United States bank, tariff, nullification,
Texas, internal improvements, and disposition of Western
lands.
IV. The Democrats _versus_ the Republicans from about 1856 to the
present time (334-377, 388-389, 412-422, 451-475, 489-534,
588-620).
1. Democratic leaders: Jefferson Davis, Tilden, Cleveland,
Bryan, and Wilson.
2. Republican leaders: Lincoln, Blaine, McKinley, Roosevelt.
3. Issues: Civil War and reconstruction, currency, tariff,
taxation, trusts, railways, foreign policies, imperialism,
labor questions, and policies with regard to land and
conservation.
V. Minor political parties.
1. Before the Civil War: Free Soil (319) and Labor Parties
(306-307).
2. Since the Civil War: Greenback (463-464), Populist (464),
Liberal Republican (420), Socialistic (577-579), Progressive
(531-534, 602-603).
=The Economic Development of the United States=
I. The land and natural resources.
1. The colonial land system: freehold, plantation, and manor
(20-25).
2. Development of the freehold in the West (220-221, 228-230).
3. The Homestead act and its results (368, 432-433).
4. The cattle range and cowboy (431-432).
5. Disappearance of free land (443-445).
6. Irrigation and reclamation (434-436).
7. Movement for the conservation of resources (523-526).
II. Industry.
1. The rise of local and domestic industries (28-32).
2. British restrictions on American enterprise (67-69, 70-72).
3. Protective tariffs (see above, 648-649).
4. Development of industry previous to the Civil War (295-307).
5. Great progress of industry after the war (401-406).
6. Rise and growth of trusts and combinations (406-412,
472-474).
III. Commerce and transportation.
1. Extent of colonial trade and commerce (32-35).
2. British regulation (69-70).
3. Effects of the Revolution and the Constitution
(139-140, 154).
4. Growth of American shipping (195-196).
5. Waterways and canals (230-236).
6. Rise and extension of the railway system (298-300).
7. Growth of American foreign trade (445-449).
IV. Rise of organized labor.
1. Early phases before the Civil War: local unions, city
federations, and national unions in specific trades
(304-307).
2. The National Trade Union, 1866-1872 (574-575).
3. The Knights of Labor (575-576).
4. The American Federation of Labor (573-574).
_a._ Policies of the Federation (576-577).
_b._ Relations to politics (579-581).
_c._ Contests with socialists and radicals (577-579).
_d._ Problems of immigration (582-585).
5. The relations of capital and labor.
_a._ The corporation and labor (410, 570-571).
_b._ Company unions and profit-sharing (571-572).
_c._ Welfare work (573).
_d._ Strikes (465, 526, 580-581).
_e._ Arbitration (581-582).
=American Foreign Relations=
I. Colonial period.
1. Indian relations (57-59).
2. French relations (59-61).
II. Period of conflict and independence.
1. Relations with Great Britain (77-108, 116-125, 132-135).
2. Establishment of connections with European powers (128).
3. The French alliance of 1778 (128-130).
4. Assistance of Holland and Spain (130).
III. Relations with Great Britain since 1783.
1. Commercial settlement in Jay treaty of 1794 (177-178).
2. Questions arising out of European wars [1793-1801]
(176-177, 180).
3. Blockade and embargo problems (193-199).
4. War of 1812 (199-201).
5. Monroe Doctrine and Holy Alliance (205-207).
6. Maine boundary--Webster-Ashburton treaty (265).
7. Oregon boundary (284-286).
8. Attitude of Great Britain during Civil War (354-355).
9. Arbitration of _Alabama_ claims (480-481).
10. The Samoan question (481-482)
11. The Venezuelan question (482-484).
12. British policy during Spanish-American War (496-497).
13. Controversy over blockade, 1914-1917 (598-600).
14. The World War (603-620).
IV. Relations with France.
1. The colonial wars (59-61).
2. The French alliance of 1778 (128-130).
3. Controversies over the French Revolution (128-130).
4. Commercial questions arising out of the European wars
(176-177, 180, 193-199).
5. Attitude of Napoleon III toward the Civil War (354-355).
6. The Mexican entanglement (478-479).
7. The World War (596-620).
V. Relations with Germany.
1. Negotiations with Frederick, king of Prussia (128).
2. The Samoan controversy (481-482).
3. Spanish-American War (491).
4. The Venezuelan controversy (512).
5. The World War (596-620).
VI. Relations with the Orient.
1. Early trading connections (486-487).
2. The opening of China (447).
3. The opening of Japan (448).
4. The Boxer rebellion and the "open door" policy (499-502).
5. Roosevelt and the close of the Russo-Japanese War (511).
6. The Oriental immigration question (583-584).
VII. The United States and Latin America.
1. Mexican relations.
_a._ Mexican independence and the Monroe Doctrine (205-207).
_b._ Mexico and French intervention--policy of the United
States (478-479).
_c._ The overthrow of Diaz (1911) and recent questions
(594-596).
2. Cuban relations.
_a._ Slavery and the "Ostend Manifesto" (485-486).
_b._ The revolutionary period, 1867-1877 (487).
_c._ The revival of revolution (487-491).
_d._ American intervention and the Spanish War (491-496).
_e._ The Platt amendment and American protection (518-519).
3. Caribbean and other relations.
_a._ Acquisition of Porto Rico (493).
_b._ The acquisition of the Panama Canal strip (508-510).
_c._ Purchase of Danish West Indies (593).
_d._ Venezuelan controversies (482-484, 512).
_e._ Extension of protectorate over Haiti, Santo Domingo,
and Nicaragua (513-514, 592-594).
INDEX
Abolition, 318, 331
Adams, Abigail, 556
Adams, John, 97, 128, 179ff.
Adams, J.Q., 247, 319
Adams, Samuel, 90, 99, 108
Adamson law, 590
Aguinaldo, 497
Alabama, admission, 227
_Alabama_ claims, 480
Alamance, battle, 92
Alamo, 280
Alaska, purchase, 479
Albany, plan of union, 62
Algonquins, 57
Alien law, 180
Amendment, method of, 156
Amendments to federal Constitution: first eleven, 163
twelfth, 184, note
thirteenth, 358
fourteenth, 366, 369, 387
fifteenth, 358
sixteenth, 528
seventeenth, 542
eighteenth, 591
nineteenth, 563ff.
American expeditionary force, 610
American Federation of Labor, 573, 608
Americanization, 585
Amnesty, for Confederates, 383
Andros, 65
Annapolis, convention, 144
Antietam, 357
Anti-Federalists, 169
Anti-slavery. _See_ Abolition
Anthony, Susan, 564
Appomattox, 363
Arbitration: international, 480, 514, 617
labor disputes, 582
Arizona, admission, 443
Arkansas, admission, 272
Arnold, Benedict, 114, 120
Articles of Confederation, 110, 139ff., 146
Ashburton, treaty, 265
Assembly, colonial, 49ff., 89ff.
Assumption, 164ff.
Atlanta, 361
Australian ballot, 540
Bacon, Nathaniel, 58
Ballot: Australian, 540
short, 544
Baltimore, Lord, 6
Bank: first U.S., 167
second, 203, 257ff.
Banking system: state, 300
U.S. national, 369
services of, 407
_See also_ Federal reserve
Barry, John, 118
Bastille, 172
Bell, John, 341
Belleau Wood, 611
Berlin decree, 194
Blockade: by England and France, 193ff.
Southern ports, 353
law and practice in 1914, 598ff.
Bond servants, 13ff.
Boone, Daniel, 28, 218
Boston: massacre, 91
evacuation, 116
port bill, 94
Bowdoin, Governor, 142
Boxer rebellion, 499
Brandywine, 129
Breckinridge, J.C., 340
Bright, John, 355
Brown, John, 338
Brown University, 45
Bryan, W.J., 468ff., 495, 502, 503, 527
Buchanan, James, 335, 368
Budget system, 529
Bull Run, 350
Bunker Hill, 102
Burgoyne, General, 116, 118, 130
Burke, Edmund, 87, 96ff., 132, 175
Burr, Aaron, 183, 231
Business. _See_ Industry
Calhoun, J.C., 198ff., 203, 208, 281, 321, 328
California, 286ff.
Canada, 61, 114, 530
Canals, 233, 298, 508
Canning, British premier, 206
Cannon, J.G., 530
Cantigny, 611
Caribbean, 479
Carpet baggers, 373
Cattle ranger, 431ff.
Caucus, 245
Censorship. _See_ Newspapers
Charles I, 3
Charles II, 65
Charleston, 36, 116
Charters, colonial, 2ff., 41
Chase, Justice, 187
Château-Thierry, 611
Checks and balances, 153
_Chesapeake_, the, 195
Chickamauga, 361
Child labor law, 591
China, 447, 499ff.
Chinese labor, 583
Churches, colonial, 39ff., 42, 43
Cities, 35, 36, 300ff., 395, 410, 544
City manager plan, 545
Civil liberty, 358ff., 561
Civil service, 419, 536, 538ff.
Clarendon, Lord, 6
Clark, G.R., 116, 218
Clay, Henry, 198, 203, 248, 261, 328
Clayton anti-trust act, 489
Clergy. _See_ Churches
Cleveland, Grover, 421, 465, 482, 484, 489, 582
Clinton, Sir Henry, 119
Colorado, admission, 441
Combination. _See_ Trusts
Commerce, colonial, 33ff.
disorders after 1781, 140
Constitutional provisions on, 154
Napoleonic wars, 176, 193ff.
domestic growth of, 307
congressional regulation of, 460ff., 547
_See also_ Trusts and Railways
Commission government, 544
Committees of correspondence, 108
_Commonsense_, pamphlet, 103
Communism, colonial, 20f.
Company, trading, 2f.
Compromises: of Constitution, 148, 150, 151
Missouri, 325, 332
of 1850, 328ff.
Crittenden, 350
Conciliation, with England, 131
Concord, battle, 100
Confederacy, Southern, 346ff.
Confederation: New England, 61f.
_See also_ Articles of
Congregation, religious, 4
Congress: stamp act, 85
continental, 99ff.
under Articles, 139f.
under Constitution, 152
powers of, 153
Connecticut: founded, 4ff.
self-government, 49
_See also_ Suffrage
constitutions, state
Conservation, 523ff.
Constitution: formation of, 143ff.
_See also_ Amendment
_Constitution_, the, 200
Constitutions, state, 109ff., 238ff., 385ff.
Constitutional union party, 340
Contract labor law, 584
Convention: 1787, 144ff.
nominating, 405
Convicts, colonial, 15
Conway Cabal, 120
Cornwallis, General, 116, 119, 131
Corporation and labor, 571. _See also_ Trusts
Cotton. _See_ Planting system
Cowboy, 431ff.
Cowpens, battle, 116
Cox, J.M., 619
_Crisis, The_, pamphlet, 115
Crittenden Compromise, 350
Cuba, 485ff., 518
Cumberland Gap, 223
Currency. _See_ Banking
Danish West Indies, purchased, 593
Dartmouth College, 45
Daughters of liberty, 84
Davis, Jefferson, 346ff.
Deane, Silas, 128
Debs, E.V., 465, 534
Debt, national, 164ff.
Decatur, Commodore, 477
Declaration of Independence, 101ff.
Defense, national, 154
De Kalb, 121
Delaware, 3, 49
De Lome affair, 490
Democratic party, name assumed, 260
_See also_ Anti-Federalists
Dewey, Admiral, 492
Diplomacy: of the Revolution, 127ff.
Civil War, 354
Domestic industry, 28
Donelson, Fort, 361
Dorr Rebellion, 243
Douglas, Stephen A., 333, 337, 368
Draft: Civil War, 351
World War, 605
Draft riots, 351
Dred Scott case, 335, 338
Drug act, 523
Duquesne, Fort, 60
Dutch, 3, 12
East India Company, 93
Education, 43ff., 557, 591
Electors, popular election of, 245
Elkins law, 547
Emancipation, 357ff.
Embargo acts, 186ff.
England: Colonial policy of, 64ff.
Revolutionary War, 99ff.
Jay treaty, 177
War of 1812, 198ff.
Monroe Doctrine, 206
Ashburton treaty, 265
Civil War, 354
_Alabama_ claims, 480
Samoa, 481
Venezuela question, 482
Spanish War, 496
World War, 596ff.
Erie Canal, 233
Esch-Cummins bill, 582
Espionage act, 607
Excess profits tax, 606
Executive, federal, plans for, 151
Expunging resolution, 260
Farm loan act, 589
Federal reserve act, 589
Federal trade commission, 590
_Federalist_, the, 158
Federalists, 168ff., 201ff.
Feudal elements in colonies, 21f.
Filipino revolt. _See_ Philippines
Fillmore, President, 485
Finances: colonial, 64
revolutionary, 125ff.
disorders, 140
Civil War, 347, 352ff.
World War, 606
_See also_ Banking
Fishing industry, 31
Fleet, world tour, 515
Florida, 134, 204
Foch, General, 611
Food and fuel law, 607
Force bills, 384 ff., 375
Forests, national, 525ff.
Fourteen points, 605
Fox, C.J., 132
France: colonization, 59ff.
French and Indian War, 60ff.
American Revolution, 116, 123, 128ff.
French Revolution, 165ff.
Quarrel with, 180
Napoleonic wars, 193ff.
Louisiana purchase, 190
French Revolution of 1830, 266
Civil War, 354
Mexican affair, 478
World War, 596ff.
Franchises, utility, 548
Franklin, Benjamin, 45, 62, 82, 86, 128, 134
Freedmen. _See_ Negro
Freehold. _See_ Land
Free-soil party, 319
Frémont, J.C., 288, 334
French. _See_ France
Friends, the, 5
Frontier. _See_ Land
Fugitive slave act, 329
Fulton, Robert, 231, 234
Fundamental articles, 5
Fundamental orders, 5
Gage, General, 95, 100
Garfield, President, 416
Garrison, William Lloyd, 318
_Gaspee_, the, 92
Gates, General, 116, 120, 131
Genêt, 177
George I, 66
George II, 4, 66, 82
George III, 77ff.
Georgia: founded, 4
royal province, 49
state constitution, 109
_See also_ Secession
Germans: colonial immigration, 9ff.
in Revolutionary War, 102ff.
later immigration, 303
Germany: Samoa, 481
Venezuela affair, 512
World War, 596f.
Gerry, Elbridge, 148
Gettysburg, 362
Gibbon, Edward, 133
Gold: discovery, 288
standard, 466, 472
Gompers, Samuel, 573, 608
Governor, royal, 49ff.
Grandfather clause, 386f.
Grangers, 460ff.
Grant, General, 361, 416, 480, 487
Great Britain. _See_ England
Greeley, Horace, 420
Greenbacks, 454ff.
Greenbackers, 462ff.
Greene, General, 117, 120
Grenville, 79ff.
Guilford, battle, 117
Habeas corpus, 358
Hague conferences, 514
Haiti, 593
Hamilton, Alexander, 95, 143, 158, 162, 168ff., 231
Harding, W.G., 389, 619
Harlem Heights, battle, 114
Harper's Ferry, 339
Harrison, Benjamin, 422, 484
Harrison, W.H., 198, 263f.
Hartford convention, 201ff., 238
Harvard, 44
Hawaii, 484f.
Hay, John, 477, 500ff.
Hayne, Robert, 256
Hays, President, 416f.
Henry, Patrick, 85
Hepburn act, 523
Hill, James J., 429
Holland, 130
Holy Alliance, 205
Homestead act, 368, 432
Hooker, Thomas, 5
Houston, Sam, 279ff.
Howe, General, 118
Hughes, Charles E., 602
Huguenots, 10
Hume, David, 132
Hutchinson, Anne, 5
Idaho, admission, 442
Income tax, 459, 466, 528, 588, 606
Inheritance tax, 606
Illinois, admission, 226
Illiteracy, 585
Immigration: colonial, 1-17
before Civil War, 302, 367
after Civil War, 410ff.
problems of, 582ff.
Imperialism, 494ff., 498f., 502ff.
Implied powers, 212
Impressment of seamen, 194
Indentured servants, 13f.
Independence, Declaration of, 107
Indiana, admission, 226
Indians, 57ff., 81, 431
Industry: colonial, 28ff.
growth of, 296ff.
during Civil War, 366
after 1865, 390ff., 401ff., 436ff., 559
_See also_ Trusts
Initiative, the, 543
Injunction, 465, 580
Internal improvements, 260, 368
Interstate commerce act, 461, 529
Intolerable acts, 93
Invisible government, 537
Iowa, admission, 275
Irish, 11, 302
Iron. _See_ Industry
Irrigation, 434ff., 523ff.
Jackson, Andrew, 201, 204, 246, 280
Jacobins, 174
James I, 3
James II, 65
Jamestown, 3, 21
Japan, relations with, 447, 511, 583
Jay, John, 128, 158, 177
Jefferson, Thomas: Declaration of Independence, 107
Secretary of State, 162ff.
political leader, 169
as President, 183ff.
Monroe Doctrine, 206, 231
Jews, migration of, 11
Johnson, Andrew, 365, 368, 371f.
Johnson, Samuel, 132
Joliet, 59
Jones, John Paul, 118
Judiciary: British system, 67
federal, 152
Kansas, admission, 441
Kansas-Nebraska bill, 333
Kentucky: admission, 224
Resolutions, 182
King George's War, 59
King Philip's War, 57
King William's War, 59
King's College (Columbia), 45
Knights of Labor, 575ff.
Kosciusko, 121
Ku Klux Klan, 382
Labor: rise of organized, 304
parties, 462ff.
question, 521
American Federation, 573ff.
legislation, 590
World War, 608ff.
Lafayette, 121
La Follette, Senator, 531
Land: tenure 20ff.
sales restricted, 80
Western survey, 219
federal sales policy, 220
Western tenure, 228
disappearance of free, 445
new problems, 449
_See also_ Homestead act
La Salle, 59
Lawrence, Captain, 200
League of Nations, 616ff.
Le Boeuf, Fort, 59
Lee, General Charles, 131
Lee, R.E., 357
Lewis and Clark expedition, 193
Lexington, battle, 100
Liberal Republicans, 420
Liberty loan, 606
Lincoln: Mexican War, 282
Douglas debates, 336f.
election, 341
Civil War, 344ff.
reconstruction, 371
Literacy test, 585
Livingston, R.R., 191
Locke, John, 95
London Company, 3
Long Island, battle, 114
Lords of trade, 67ff.
Louis XVI, 171ff.
Louisiana: ceded to Spain, 61
purchase, 190ff.
admission, 227
Loyalists. _See_ Tories
_Lusitania_, the, 601ff.
McClellan, General, 362, 365
McCulloch _vs._ Maryland, 211
McKinley, William, 422, 467ff., 489ff.
Macaulay, Catherine, 132
Madison, James, 158, 197ff.
Maine, 325
_Maine_, the, 490
Manila Bay, battle, 492
Manors, colonial, 22
Manufactures. _See_ Industry
Marbury _vs._ Madison, 209
Marietta, 220
Marion, Francis, 117, 120
Marquette, 59
Marshall, John, 208ff.
Martineau, Harriet, 267
Maryland, founded, 6, 49, 109, 239, 242
Massachusetts: founded, 3ff.
_See also_ Immigration, Royal province, Industry, Revolutionary War,
Constitutions, state, Suffrage, Commerce, and Industry
Massachusetts Bay Company, 3
founded, 3ff.
_See also_ Immigration, Royal province
_Mayflower_ compact, 4
Mercantile theory, 69
Merchants. _See_ Commerce
_Merrimac_, the, 353
Meuse-Argonne, battle, 612
Mexico: and Texas, 278ff.
later relations, 594f.
Michigan, admission, 273
Midnight appointees, 187
Milan Decree, 194
Militia, Revolutionary War, 122
Minimum wages, 551
Minnesota, admission, 275
Mississippi River, and West, 189f.
Missouri Compromise, 207, 227, 271, 325, 332
Molasses act, 71
Money, paper, 80, 126, 155, 369
_Monitor_, the, 353
Monroe, James, 204ff., 191
Monroe Doctrine, 205, 512
Montana, admission, 442
Montgomery, General, 114
Morris, Robert, 127
Mothers' pensions, 551
Mohawks, 57
Muckraking, 536f.
Mugwumps, 420
Municipal ownership, 549
Napoleon I, 190
Napoleon III: Civil War, 354f.
Mexico, 477
National Labor Union, 574
National road, 232
Nationalism, colonial, 56ff.
Natural rights, 95
Navigation acts, 69
Navy: in Revolution, 188
War of 1812, 195
Civil War, 353
World War, 610.
_See also_ Sea Power
Nebraska, admission, 441
Negro: Civil rights, 370ff.
in agriculture, 393ff.
status of, 396ff.
_See also_ Slavery
New England: colonial times, 6ff., 35, 40ff.
_See also_ Industry, Suffrage, Commerce, and Wars
New Hampshire: founded, 4ff.
_See also_ Immigration, Royal province, Suffrage, and Constitutions,
state
New Jersey, founded, 6.
_See also_ Immigration, Royal province, Suffrage, and
Constitutions, state
Newlands, Senator, 524
New Mexico, admission, 443
New Orleans, 59, 190
battle, 201
Newspapers, colonial, 46ff.
New York: founded by Dutch, 3
transferred to English, 49
_See also_ Dutch, Immigration, Royal province, Commerce, Suffrage,
and Constitutions, state
New York City, colonial, 36
Niagara, Fort, 59
Nicaragua protectorate, 594
Non-intercourse act, 196ff.
Non-importation, 84ff., 99
North, Lord, 100, 131, 133
North Carolina: founded, 6.
_See also_ Royal province, Immigration, Suffrage, and Constitutions,
state
North Dakota, admission, 442
Northwest Ordinance, 219
Nullification, 182, 251ff.
Oglethorpe, James, 3
Ohio, admission, 225
Oklahoma, admission, 443
Open door policy, 500
Oregon, 284ff.
Ostend Manifesto, 486
Otis, James, 88, 95f.
Pacific, American influence, 447
Paine, Thomas, 103, 115, 175
Panama Canal, 508ff.
Panics: 1837, 262
1857, 336
1873, 464
1893, 465
Parcel post, 529
Parker, A.B., 527
Parties: rise of, 168ff.
Federalists, 169ff.
Anti-Federalists (Jeffersonian Republicans), 169ff.
Democrats, 260
Whigs, 260ff.
Republicans, 334ff.
Liberal Republicans, 420
Constitutional union, 340
minor parties, 462ff.
Paterson, William, 196ff.
Penn, William, 6
Pennsylvania: founded, 6
_See also_ Penn, Germans, Immigration, Industry, Revolutionary War,
Constitutions, state, Suffrage
Pennsylvania University, 45
Pensions, soldiers and sailors, 413, 607
mothers', 551
Pequots, 57
Perry, O.H., 200
Pershing, General, 610
Philadelphia, 36, 116
Philippines, 492ff., 516ff., 592
Phillips, Wendell, 320
Pierce, Franklin, 295, 330
Pike, Z., 193, 287
Pilgrims, 4
Pinckney, Charles, 148
Pitt, William, 61, 79, 87, 132
Planting system, 22f., 25, 149, 389, 393ff.
Plymouth, 4, 21
Polk, J.K., 265, 285f.
Polygamy, 290f.
Populist party, 464
Porto Rico, 515, 592
Postal savings bank, 529
Preble, Commodore, 196
Press. _See_ Newspapers
Primary, direct, 541
Princeton, battle, 129
University, 45
Profit sharing, 572
Progressive party, 531f.
Prohibition, 591f.
Proprietary colonies, 3, 6
Provinces, royal, 49ff.
Public service, 538ff.
Pulaski, 121
Pullman strike, 465
Pure food act, 523
Puritans, 3, 7, 40ff.
Quakers, 6ff.
Quartering act, 83
Quebec act, 94
Queen Anne's War, 59
Quit rents, 21f.
Radicals, 579
Railways, 298, 402, 425, 460ff., 547, 621
Randolph, Edmund, 146, 147, 162
Ratification, of Constitution, 156ff.
Recall, 543
Reclamation, 523ff.
Reconstruction, 370ff.
Referendum, the, 543
Reign of terror, 174
Republicans: Jeffersonian, 179
rise of present party, 334ff.
supremacy of, 412ff.
_See also_ McKinley, Roosevelt, and Taft
Resumption, 454
Revolution: American, 99ff.
French, 171ff.
Russian, 619
Rhode Island: founded, 4ff.
self-government, 49
_See also_ Suffrage
Roosevelt, Theodore, 492, 500ff., 531, 570
Royal province, 49ff.
Russia, 205, 207, 355, 479, 619
Russo-Japanese War, 511f.
Saint Mihiel, 612
Samoa, 481
San Jacinto, 280
Santa Fé trail, 287
Santo Domingo, 480, 513, 592
Saratoga, battle, 116, 130
Savannah, 116, 131
Scandinavians, 278
Schools. _See_ Education
Scott, General, 283, 330
Scotch-Irish, 7ff.
Seamen's act, 590
Sea power: American Revolution, 118
Napoleonic wars, 193ff.
Civil War, 353
Caribbean, 593
Pacific, 447
World War, 610ff.
Secession, 344ff.
Sedition: act of 1798, 180ff., 187
of 1918, 608
Senators, popular election, 527, 541ff.
Seven Years' War, 60ff.
Sevier, John, 218
Seward, W.H., 322, 342
Shafter, General, 492
Shays's rebellion, 142
Sherman, General, 361
Sherman: anti-trust law, 461
silver act, 458
Shiloh, 361
Shipping. _See_ Commerce
Shipping act, 607
Silver, free, 455ff.
Slavery: colonial, 16f.
trade, 150
in Northwest, 219
decline in North, 316f.
growth in South, 320ff.
and the Constitution, 324
and territories, 325ff.
compromises, 350
abolished, 357ff.
Smith, Joseph, 290
Socialism, 577ff.
Solid South, 388
Solomon, Hayn, 126
Sons of liberty, 82
South: economic and political views, 309ff.
_See also_ Slavery and Planting system, and Reconstruction
South Carolina: founded, 6
nullification, 253ff.
_See also_ Constitutions, state, Suffrage, Slavery, and Secession
South Dakota, 442
Spain: and Revolution, 130
Louisiana, 190
Monroe Doctrine, 205
Spanish War, 490ff.
Spoils system, 244, 250, 418, 536ff.
Stamp act, 82ff.
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 564
States: disorders under Articles of Confederation, 141
constitutions, federal limits on, 155
position after Civil War, 366ff.
_See also_ Suffrage, Nullification, and Secession
Steamboat, 234
Stowe, H.B., 332
Strikes: of 1877, 581
Pullman, 581
coal, 526
_See also_ Labor
Submarine campaign, 600ff.
Suffrage: colonial, 42, 51
first state constitutions, 239
White manhood, 242
Negro, 374ff., 385f.
Woman, 110, 562ff.
Sugar act, 81
Sumner, Charles, 319
Sumter, Fort, 350
Swedes, 3, 13
Taft, W.H., 527ff.
Tammany Hall, 306, 418
Taney, Chief Justice, 357
Tariff: first, 167
of 1816, 203
development of, 251ff.
abominations, 249, 253
nullification, 251
of 1842, 264
Southern views of, 309ff.
of 1857, 337
Civil War, 367
Wilson bill, 459
McKinley bill, 422
Dingley bill, 472
Payne-Aldrich, 528
Underwood, 588
Taxation: and representation, 149
and Constitution, 154
Civil War, 353
and wealth, 522, 551
and World War, 606
Tea act, 88
Tea party, 92
Tenement house reform, 549
Tennessee, 28, 224
Territories, Northwest, 219
South of the Ohio, 219
_See also_ Slavery and Compromise
Texas, 278ff.
Tippecanoe, battle, 198
Tocqueville, 267
Toleration, religious, 42
Tories, colonial, 84
in Revolution, 112
Townshend acts, 80, 87
Trade, colonial, 70
legislation, 70. _See_ Commerce
Transylvania company, 28
Treasury, independent, 263
Treaties, of 1763, 61
alliance with France, 177
of 1783 with England, 134
Jay, 177, 218
Louisiana purchase, 191f.
of 1815, 201
Ashburton, 265
of 1848 with Mexico, 283
Washington with England, 481
with Spain, 492
Versailles (1919), 612ff.
Trenton, battle, 116
Trollope, Mrs., 268
Trusts, 405ff., 461, 472ff., 521, 526, 530
Tweed, W.M., 418
Tyler, President, 264ff., 281, 349
"Uncle Tom's Cabin," 332
Union party, 365
Unions. _See_ Labor
Utah, 290ff., 329, 442
Utilities, municipal, 548
Vallandigham, 360
Valley Forge, 116, 129
Van Buren, Martin, 262
Venango, Fort, 59
Venezuela, 482ff., 512
Vermont, 223
Vicksburg, 361
Virginia: founded, 3.
_See also_ Royal province, Constitutions, state, Planting system,
Slavery, Secession, and Immigration
Walpole, Sir Robert, 66
Wars: colonial, 57ff.
Revolutionary, 99ff.
of 1812, 199ff.
Mexican, 282ff.
Civil, 344ff.
Spanish, 490ff.
World, 596ff.
Washington: warns French, 60
in French war, 63
commander-in-chief, 101ff.
and movement for Constitution, 142ff.
as President, 166ff.
Farewell Address, 178
Washington City, 166
Washington State, 442
Webster, 256, 265, 328
Welfare work, 573
Whigs: English, 78
colonial, 83
rise of party, 260ff., 334, 340
Whisky Rebellion, 171
White Camelia, 382
White Plains, battle, 114
Whitman, Marcus, 284
William and Mary College, 45
Williams, Roger, 5, 42
Wilmot Proviso, 326
Wilson, James, 147
Wilson, Woodrow, election, 533f.
administrations, 588ff.
Winthrop, John, 3
Wisconsin, admission, 274
Witchcraft, 41
Wollstonecraft, Mary, 556
Women: colonial, 28
Revolutionary War, 124
labor, 305
education and civil rights, 554ff.
suffrage, 562ff.
Workmen's compensation, 549
Writs of assistance, 88
Wyoming, admission, 442
X, Y, Z affair, 180
Yale, 44
Young, Brigham, 290
Zenger, Peter, 48
* * * * *
Printed in the United States of America.
* * * * *
[Transcriber's notes:
Punctuation normalized in all _Underwood and Underwood, N.Y._
Superscripted letters are denoted with a caret. For example, G^O
WASHINGTON.
Period added after Mass on verso page. Original read "Mass, U.S.A."
Chapter I, page 19, period added to pp. 55-159 and pp. 242-244.
Chapter IV, page 61 cooperation changed to coöperation twice to match
rest of text usage. Also on page 620.
Chapter VI, page 121 changed maneuvered to manoevered.
Chapter VIII, page 185, period added to "Vol." Original read "Vol III,"
Chapter X, page 219, changed coordinate to coördinate to reflect rest of
text usage.
Chapter X, page 234, Italicized habeus corpus to match rest of text.
Chapter XI, page 257 changed reestablished to reëstablished to conform
to rest of text usage.
Chapter XI, page 259 changed reelection to reëlection
Chapter XII, page 269 added period after "Vol" Vol. II
Chapter XII, page 270. Title of work reads "_Selected Documents of
United States History, 1776-1761_". Research shows the document does
have this title.
Chapter XV, page 351. changed "bout" to "about". "for only about"
Chapter XVI, page 385. changed "provisons" to "provisions".
Chapter XX, page 478. changed "aniversary" to "anniversary".
Chapter XXIV, page 579 word "on" changed to "one" "five commissioners,
one of whom,"
Topical Syllabus. Missing periods added to normalize punctuation in
entries such as on page 648 (4) Sixteenth Amendment--income tax
(528-529).
Appendix, page 631, comma changed to semi-colon on "bills of credit;" to
match rest of list. Also on "obligation of contracts;"
Index, page 657, changed "Freesoil" to Free-soil to match rest of text
usage.
Index, page 660, space removed from "396 ff." changed to "status of,
396ff."
Index, Page 662, added comma to States: disorders under Articles of
Constitution, 141]