Hauing passed the Riuer of Piache, a Christian went from his companie from

thence to seeke a woman slaue that was runne away from him, and the

Indians either tooke him captiue, or slue him. The Gouernor vrged the

Cacique that he should giue account of him, and threatened him, that if he

were not found, he would neuer let him loose. The Cacique sent an Indian

from thence to Mauilla, whither they were trauelling, which was a towne of

a principall Indian and his subiect, saying, that he sent him to aduise

them to make readie victuals, and men for carriages. But, (as afterward

appeared) hee sent him to assemble all the men of warre thither, that hee

had in his Countrie. The Gouernour trauelled three daies; and the third

day he passed all day through a peopled Countrie: and he came to Mauilla

vpon Monday the 18. of October. He went before the Camp with 15. horsemen

and 30. footemen. And from the towne came a Christian, whom he had sent to

the principall man, three or foure daies before, because he should not

absent himselfe, and also to learne in what sort the Indians were: who

told him that hee thought they were in an euill purpose: for while hee was

there, there came manie people into the towne, and many weapons, and that

they made great haste to fortifie the wall. Luys de (M633) Moscoso told

the Gouernour, that it would bee good to lodge in the field, seeing the

Indians were of such disposition: and hee answered, that he would lodge in

the towne, for hee was wearie of lodging in the field. When hee came neere

vnto the towne, the Cacique came foorth to receiue him with many Indians

playing vpon flutes and singing: And after hee had offered himselfe, hee

presented him with three mantels of marterns. The Gouernour, with both the

Caciques, and seuen or eight men of his guard, and three or foure horsemen

which alighted to accompanie him, entred into the towne, and sat him downe

vnder a cloth of estate. The Cacique of Tascaluca requested him, that hee

would let him remaine in that towne, and trouble him no more with

travelling: And seeing he would not giue him leaue, in his talke he

changed his purpose, and dissemblinglie fained that he would speake with

some principall Indians, and rose vp from the place where hee sate with

the Gouernour, and entred into a house, where many Indians were with their

bowes and arrowes. The Gouernour when he saw he returned not, called him,

and he answered, that he would not come out from thence, neither would he

goe any farther then that towne, and that if he would goe his way in

peace, hee should presently depart, and should not seeke to carrie him

perforce out of his Countrie and territorie.

Chap. XVIII. How the Indians rose against the Gouernour, and what ensued

thereupon.

The Gouernour seeing the determination, and furious answere of the

Cacique, went about to pacifie him with faire words: to which he gaue no

answere, but rather with much pride and disdaine, withdrew himselfe where

the Gouernor might not see him, nor speake with him. As a principall

Indian passed that way, the Gouernor called him, to send him word, that

hee might remaine at his pleasure in his Countrie, and that it would

please him to giue him a guide, and men for carriages, to see if he could

pacifie him with mild words. The Indians answered with great pride, that

hee would not hearken vnto him. Baltasar de Gallégos, which stood by tooke

hold of a gowne of marternes which hee had on; and he cast it ouer his

head, and left it in his hands: and because all of them immediatly began

to stirre, Baltasar de Gallégos gaue him such a wound with his coutilas,

that hee opened him downe the backe, and presently all the Indians with a

great crie came out of the houses shooting their arrowes. The Gouernour

considering, that if hee tarried there, hee could not escape, and if hee

commanded his men to come in, which were without the towne, the Indians

within the houses might kill their horses, and doe much hurt, ranne out of

the towne, and before hee came out, hee fell twice or thrice, and those

that were with him did helpe him vp againe; and he and those that were

with him were sore wounded: and in a moment there were fiue Christians

slaine in the towne. The Gouernour came running out of the towne, crying

out, that euery man should stand farther off, because from the wall they

did them much hurt. The Indians seeing that the Christians retired, and

some of them, or the most part, more then an ordinary pase, shot with

great boldnesse at them, and strooke downe such as they could ouertake.

The Indians which the Christians did lead with them in chaines, had laid

downe their burthens neere vnto the wall: and assoone as the Gouernour and

his men were retired, the men of Mauilla laid them on the Indians backs

againe, and tooke them into the towne, and loosed them presently from

their chaines, and gaue them bowes and arrowes to fight withall. (M634)

Thus they possessed themselues of al the clothes and perles, and all that

the Christians had, which their slaues carried. And because the Indians

had been alwaies peaceable vntill wee came to this place, some of our men

had their weapons in their fardels and remained vnarmed. And from others

that had entred the towne with the Gouernour they had taken swords and

halebards, and fought with them. When the Gouernour was gotten into the

field, hee called for an horse, and with some that accompanied him, hee

returned and slew two or three Indians: All the rest retired themselues to

the towne, and shot with their bowes from the wall. And those which

presumed of their nimblenes, sallied foorth to fight a stones cast from

the wall: And when the Christians charged them, they retired themselues at

their leasure into the towne. At the time that the broile began, there

were in the towne a Frier, and a Priest, and a seruant of the Gouernour,

with a woman slave: and they had no time to come out of the towne: and

they tooke an house, and so remained in the towne. The Indians beeing

become Masters of the place, they shut the doore with a field gate: and

among them was one sword which the Gouernors seruant had, and with it he

set himselfe behind the doore, thrusting at the Indians which sought to

come into them: and the Frier and the Priest stood on the other side, each

of them with a barre in their hands to beate him downe that first came in.

The Indians seeing they could not get in by the doore, began to vncouer

the house top. By this time, all the horsemen and footemen which were

behind, were come to Mauilla. Here there were sundrie opinions, whether

they should charge the Indians to enter the towne, or whether they should

leaue it, because it was hard to enter: and in the end it was resolued to

set vpon them.

Chap. XIX. How the Gouernour set his men in order, and entred the towne of

Mauilla,

Assoone as the battell and the rereward were come to Mauilla, the

Gouernour commanded all those that were best armed to alight, and made

foure squadrons of footmen. (M635) The Indians, seeing how he was setting

his men in order, concluded with the Cacique, that hee should goe his way,

saying vnto him, as after it was knowne by certaine women that were taken

there, that he was but one man, and could fight but for one man, and that

they had there among them many principall Indians verie valiant and expert

in feates of armes, that any one of them was able to order the people

there; and forasmuch as matters of warre were subiect to casualtie, and it

was vncertaine which part should overcome, they wished him to saue

himselfe, to the end, that if it fel out that they should end their daies

there, as they determined, rather then to be ouercome, there might remaine

one to gouerne the Countrie. For all this hee would not haue gon away: but

they vrged him so much, that with fifteene or twentie Indians of his owne,

hee went out of the towne, and carried away a skarlat cloke, and other

things of the Christians goods; as much as hee was able to carrie, and

seemed best vnto him. The Gouernour was informed how there went men out of

the towne, and hee commanded the horsemen to beset it, and sent in euery

squadron of footemen one souldier with a firebrand to set fire on the

houses, that the Indians might haue no defense: all his men being set in

order, hee commanded an harcubuz to bee shot off. The signe being giuen,

the foure squadrons, euery one by it selfe with great furie, gaue the

onset, and with great hurt on both sides they entred the towne. The Frier

and the Priest, and those that were with them in the house were saued,

which cost the liues of two men of account, and valiant, which came

thither to succour them. The Indians fought with such courage, that many

times they draue our men put of the towne. The fight lasted so long, that

for wearinesse and great thirst many of the Christians went to a poole

that was neere the wal, to drink, which was all stained with the blood of

the dead, and then came againe to fight. Thie Gouernour seeing this,

entred among the footemen into the towne on horseback, with certaine that

accompanied him, and was a meane that the Christians came to set fire on

the houses, and brake and ouercame the Indians, who running out of the

towne from the footemen, the horsemen without draue in at the gates again,

where being without all hope of life, they fought valiantly, and after the

Christians came among them to handy blowes, seeing themselues in great

distresse without any succour, many of them fled into the burning houses,

where one vpon another they were smothered and burnt in the fire. (M636)

The whole number of the Indians that died in this towne, were two thousand

Indians and fiue hundred, little more or lesse. Of the Christians there

died eighteene; of which one was Don Carlos, brother in law to the

Gouernour, and a nephew of his, and one Iohn de Gamez, and Men Rodriguez

Portugals, and Iohn Vasquez de Villanoua de Barca Rota, all men of honour,

and of much valour: the rest were footemen. Besides those that were

slaine, there were an hundred and fiftie wounded with 700. wounds of their

arrowes: and it pleased God that of very dangerous wounds they were

quickly healed; Moreouer, there were twelue horses slaine, and seuentie

hurt. All the clothes which the Christians carried with them to clothe

themselues withall, and the ornaments to say Masse, and the perles, were

all burnt there: and the Christians did set them on fire themselues;

because they held for a greater inconuenience, the hurt which the Indians

might doe them from those houses, where they had gathered all those goods

together, then the losse of them. Here the Gouernour vnderstood, (M637)

that Francisco Maldonado waited for him at the Port of Ochuse, and that it

was sixe daies iournie from thence; and he dealt with Iohn Ortiz to keepe

it secret, because he had not accomplished that which he determined to

doe; and because the perles were burnt there, which he meant to haue sent

to Cuba for a shew, that the people hearing the newes, might be desirous

to come to that Countrie. He feared also, that if they should haue newes

of him without seeing from Florida neither gold nor siluer, nor any thing

of value, it would get such a name, that no man would seeke to goe

thither, when he should haue neede of people. And so he determined to send

no newes of himselfe, vntill hee had found some rich Countrie.

Chap. XX. How the Gouernour departed from Mauilla toward Chicaça, and what

happened vnto him.

From the time that the Gouernour entred into Florida, vntill his departure

from Mauilla, there died an hundred and two Christians, some of sicknesse,

and others which the Indians slew. He staied in Mauilla, because of the

wounded men, eight and twentie daies: all which time he lay in the field.

It was a well inhabited and a fat countrie, there were some great and

walled townes: and many houses scattered all about the fields, to wit, a

crossebow shot or two, the one from the other. Vpon Sonday, the eighteenth

of Nouember, when the hurt men were knowne to bee healed, the Gouernour

departed from Mauilla. Euery one furnished himselfe with Maiz for two

daies, and they trauelled fiue daies through a desert: they came to a

Prouince called Pafallaya, vnto a towne, named Taliepataua: and from

thence they went to another, called Cabusto: neere vnto it ran a great

Riuer. The Indians on the other side cried out, threatning the Christians

to kill them, if they sought to passe it. The Gouernour commanded his men

to make a barge within the towne, because the Indians should not perceiue

it: it was finished in foure daies, and being ended, he commanded it to be

carried one night vpon sleds halfe a league vp the Riuer. In the morning

there entred into it thirtie men well armed. The Indians perceiued what

was attempted, and those which were neerest, came to defend the passage.

They resisted what they could, till the Christians came neere them; and

seeing that the barge came to the shore, they fled away into the groues of

canes. The Christians mounted on horsebacke, and went vp the Riuer to make

good the passage, whereby the Gouernour and his companie passed the Riuer.

There was along the Riuer some townes well stored with Maiz and French

Beanes. From thence to Chicaça the Gouernour trauelled fiue daies through

a desert. Hee came to a Riuer, where on the otherside were Indians to

defend the passage. He made another barge in two daies; and when it was

finished, the Gouernour sent an Indian to request the Cacique to accept of

his friendship, and peaceably to expect his comming: whom the Indians that

were on the other side the Riuer slew before his face, and presently

making a great shout went their way. Hauing passed the Riuer, the next

day, being the 17. of December, the Gouernour came to Chicaça, a small

towne of twentie houses. And after they were come to Chicaça, they were

much troubled with cold, because it was now winter and it snowed, while

most of them were lodged in the field, before they had time to make

themselues houses. This countrie was very well peopled, and the houses

scattered like those of Mauilla, fat and plentifull of Maiz, and the most

part of it was fielding: they gathered as much as sufficed to passe the

winter. Some Indians were taken, among which was one whom the Cacique

esteemed greatly. The Gouernour sent an Indian to signifie to the Cacique,

that he desired to see him and to haue his friendship. The Cacique came

vnto him, to offer him his person, countrie and subiects, and told him,

that he would cause two other Caciques to come to him in peace; who within

few daies after came with him, and with their Indians: the one was called

Alimamu, the other Nicalasa. They gaue a present vnto the Gouernour of an

hundred and fiftie conies, and of the countrie garments, to wit, of

mantles and skinnes. The Cacique of Chicaça came to visit him many times;

and sometimes the Gouernour sent to call him, and sent him a horse to goe

and come. He complained vnto him, that a subiect of his was risen against

him, and depriued him of his tribute, requesting his aide against him, for

he meant to seeke him in his countrie, and to punish him according to his

desert. (M638) Which was nothing els but a fained plot. For they

determined assoone as the Gouernour was gone with him, and the campe was

diuided into two parts, the one of them to set vpon the Gouernour, and the

other vpon them that remained in Chicaça. Hee went to the towne where he

vsed to keepe his residence, and brought with him two hundred Indians with

their bowes and arrowes. The Gouernour tooke thirtie horsemen, and eightie

footemen, and they went to Saquechuma (for so was the Prouince called of

that chiefe man, which he said had rebelled.) They found a walled towne,

without any men: and those which went with the Cacique set fire on the

houses, to dissemble their treason. But by reason of the great care and

heedfullnesse, that was as well in the Gouernors people which hee carried

with him, as of those which remained in Chicaça, they durst not assault

them at that time. The Gouernour inuited the Cacique, and certaine

principall Indians, and gaue them hogges flesh to eate. And though they

did not commonly vse it, yet they were so greedie of it, that euery night

there came Indians to certaine houses a crossebow shot from the Camp,

where the hogges lay, and killed, and carried away as many as they could.

And three Indians were taken in the manner. Two of them the Gouernour

commanded to be shot to death with arrowes; and to cut off the hands of

the other; and he sent him so handled to the Cacique. Who made as though

it grieued him that they had offended the Gouernor, and that he was glad

that he had executed that punishment on them. He lay in a plaine countrie

half a league from the place, where the Christians lodged. Foure horsemen

went a straggling thither, to wit Francisco Osorio, and a seruant of the

Marques of Astorga, called Reynoso, and two seruants of the Gouernour, the

one his page called Ribera, and the other Fuentes his Chamberlaine: and

these had taken from the Indians some skinnes, and some mantles, wherewith

they were offended and forsooke their houses. The Gouernour knew of it,

and commanded them to be apprehended; and condemned to death Francisco

Osorio, and the Chamberlaine as principalls, and all of them to losse of

goods. The Friers and Priests and other principall persons were earnest

with him to pardon Francisco Osorio his life, and to moderate his

sentence, which hee would not grant for any of them. While he was readie

to command them to be drawne to the market place to cut off their heads,

there came certaine Indians from the Cacique to complaine of them. Iohn

Ortiz, at the request of Baltasar de Gallégos and other persons changed

their words, and told the Gouernour that the Cacique said he had notice

how his Lordship held those Christians in prison for his sake, and that

they were in no fault, neither had they done him any wrong, and that if he

would do him any fauour he would set them free. And he told the Indians;

That the Gouernour said, he had them in prison, and that he would punish

them in such sort, that they should bee an example to others. Hereupon the

Gouernour commanded the prisoners to be loosed. (M639) Assoone as March

was come, hee determined to depart from Chicaça, and demanded of the

Cacique two hundred men for cariages. He sent him answere, that hee would

speake with his principall men. Vpon Twesday the eight of March, the

Gouernour went to the towne where he was, to aske him for the men; Hee

told him, he would send them the next day. Assoone as the Gouernour was

come to Chicaça, he told Luys de Moscoso the Camp-master, that hee

misliked the Indians, and that he should keepe a strong watch that night,

which hee remembred but a little. The Indians came at the second watch in

foure squadrons, euery one by it selfe, and assoone as they were descried,

they sounded a drum, and gaue the assault with a great cry, and with so

great celeritie, that presently they entred with the scoutes, that were

somewhat distant from the Campe. (M640) And when they were perceiued of

them which were in the towne, halfe the houses were on fire, which they

had kindled. That night three horsemen chanced to bee skouts, two of them

were of base calling, and the worst men in all the Camp, and the other,

which was a nephew of the Gouernour, which vntill then was held for a tall

man, shewed himselfe there as great a coward, as any of them: for all of

them ran away. And the Indians without any resistance came and set the

towne on fire; and taried without behind the doores for the Christians,

which ran out of the houses, not hauing any leasure to arme themselues:

and as they ran hither and thither amazed with the noise, and blinded with

the smoke and flame of the fire, they knew not which way they went,

neither could they light vpon their weapons, nor saddle their horses,

neither saw they the Indians that shot them. Manie of the horses were

burned in the stables, and those which could breake their halters gat

loose. The disorder and flight was such, that euery man fled which way he

could, without leauing any to resist the Indians. But God (which

chastiseth his according to his pleasure, and in the greatest necessities

and dangers sustaineth them with his hand,) so blinded the Indians, that

they saw not what they had done, and thought that the horses which ran

loose, were men on horsebacke, that gathered themselues together to set

vpon them. The Gouernour only rod on horsebacke, and with him a souldier

called Tapia, and set vpon the Indians, and striking the first he met with

his lance, the saddle fell with him, which with haste was euill girded,

and so hee fell from his horse. And all the people that were on foote were

fled to a wood out of the towne, and there assembled themselues together.

And because it was night, and that the Indians thought the horses were men

on horsebacke which came to set vpon them, as I said before, they fled;

and one onely remained dead, and that was he whom the Gouernour slew with

his lance. The towne lay all burnt to ashes. There was a woman burned,

who, after shee and her husband were both gone out of their house, went in

againe for certaine perles, which they had forgotten and when she would

haue come out, the fire was so great at the doore that shes could not,

neither could her husband succour her. Other three Christians came out of

their lodgings so cruelly burned, that one of them died within three

daies, and the other two were carried many daies each of them vpon a couch

betweene staues, which the Indians carried on their shoulders, for

otherwise they could not trauell. There died in this hurlieburlie eleuen

Christians, and fiftie horses; and there remained an hundred hogges, and

foure hundred were burned. If any perchance had saued any clothes from the

fire of Mauilla, here they were burned, and many were clad in skinnes, for

they had no leasure to take their coates. They endured much cold in this

place, and the chiefest remedie were great fires. They spent all night in

turnings without sleepe: for if they warmed one side, they freesed on the

other. Some inuented the weauing of certaine mats of drie iuie, and did

weare one beneath, and another aboue: many laughed at this deuice, whom

afterward necessitie inforced to doe the like. The Christians were so

spoiled, and in such want of saddles and weapons which were burned, that

if the Indians had come the second night, they had ouercome them with

little labour. They remooued thence to the towne where the Cacique was

wont to lie, because it was in a champion countrie. Within eight daies

after, there were many lances and saddles made. There were ash trees in

those parts, whereof they made as good lances as in Biscay.

Chap. XXI. How the Indians set againe vpon the Christians, and how the

Gouernour went to Alimamu, beyond which towne in warlike sort they tarried

for him in the way.

Vpon Wednesday the 15. of March 1541. after the Gouernour had lodged 8.

daies in a plaine, halfe a league from the place which he had wintered in,

after he had set vp a forge, and tempered the swords which in Chicaça were

burned, and made many targets, saddles, and lances, on Tuesday night, at

the morning watch, many Indians came to assault the Campe in three

squadrons, euery one by themselues: Those which watched gaue the alarme.

The Gouernour with great speed set his men in order in other three

squadrons, and leauing some to defend the Campe, went out to incounter

them. The Indians were ouercome and put to flight. The ground was champion

and fit for the Christians to take the aduantage of them; and it was now

breake of day. But there happened a disorder, whereby there were not past

thirtie or fortie Indians slaine: and this it was: that a Frier cried out

in the Campe without any iust occasion, To the Campe, To the Campe:

Whereupon the Gouernour and all the rest repaired thither, and the Indians

had time to saue themselues. There were some taken, by whom the Gouernour

informed himselfe of the Countrie, through which he was to passe. The 25.

of Aprill, he departed from Chicaça, and lodged at a small towne called

Alimamu. They had very little Maiz, and they were to passe a desert of

seuen daies iournie. The next day, the Gouernour sent three Captaines

euerie one his way with horsemen and footemen to seeke prouision to passe

the desert. And Iohn Dannusco the Auditor went with fifteene horsemen, and

40. footemen that way that the Gouernour was to goe, and found a strong

fort made, where the Indians staied for him, and many of them walked on

the top of it with their weapons, hauing their bodies, thighes and armes

okered and died with blacke, white, yellow and red, striped like vnto

paines, so that they shewed as though they went in hose and doublets: and

some of them had plumes, and others had hornes on their heads, and their

faces blacke, and their eies done round about with strakes of red, to

seeme more fierce. Assoone as they saw that the Christians approched, with

a great crie sounding two drummes with great furie they sallied foorth to

receiue them. Iohn Dannusco and those that were with him, thought good to

auoid them, and to acquaint the Gouernour therewith. They retired to a

plaine place, a crossebowshot from the fort in sight of it, the footemen,

the crossebowmen, and targetters placed themselues before the horsemen,

that they might not hurt the horses. The Indians sallied out by seuen and

seuen, and eight and eight to shoote their arrowes, and retired againe:

and in sight of the Christians they made a fire, and tooke an Indian, some

by the feete, and some by the head, and made as though they went to cast

him into the fire, and gaue him first many knocks on the head: signifying,

that they meant so to handle the Christians. Iohn Danusco sent three

horsemen to aduertise the Gouernour hereof. He came presently: for his

intent was to driue them from thence, saying, that if he did it not, they

would be emboldened to charge him another time, when they might doe him

more harme. He made the horsemen to alight, and set his men in foure

squadrons: The signe being giuen, they set vpon the Indians, which made

resistance till the Christians came neere the fort, and assoone as they

saw they could not defend themselues, by a place where a brooke passed

neere the fort, they ran away, and from the otherside they shot some

arrowes: and because at that instant we knew no ford for the horses to

passe, they had time enough to get out of our danger. Three Indians were

slaine there, and many Christians were hurt, whereof within few daies,

there died fifteene by the way. All men thought the Gouernour to bee in

fault, because he sent not to see the disposition of the place on the

other side of the Riuer, and to know the passage before hee set vpon them.

For with the hope they had to saue themselues by flight that way, when

they saw none other meanes, they fought til they were broken, and it was

an incouragement to defend themselues vntill then, and to offend the

Christians without any danger to themselues.

Chap. XXII. How the Gouernour went from Alimamu to Quizquiz, and from

thence to Rio Grande, or the great Riuer.

Three daies after they had sought some Maiz, whereof they found but little

store, in regard of that which was needfull, and that for this cause, as

well for their sakes that were wounded, it was needfull for them to rest,

as for the great iournie they were to march to come where store of Maiz

was: yet the Gouernour was inforced to depart presentlie toward Quizquiz.

He trauelled seuen daies through a desert of many marishes and thicke

woods: but it might all be trauelled on horseback, except some lakes which

they swamme ouer. Hee came to a towne of the Prouince of Quizquiz without

being descried, and tooke all the people in it before they came out of

their houses. The mother of the Cacique was taken there: and he sent vnto

him by an Indian, that he should come to see him, and that he would giue

him his mother, and al the people which he had taken there. The Cacique

sent him answere againe, that his Lordship should loose and send them to

him, and that he would come to visit and serue him. The Gouernour, because

his people for want of Maiz were somewhat weake and wearie, and the horses

also were leane, determined to accomplish his request, to see if hee could

haue peace with him, and so commanded to set free his mother and all the

rest, and with louing words dismissed them and sent them to him. The next

day, when the Gouernour expected the Cacique, there came many Indians with

their bowes and arrowes with a purpose to set vpon the Christians. The

Gouernour had commanded all the horsemen to be armed, and on horsebacke,

and in a readines. When the Indians saw that they were readie, they staied

a crossebowe shot from the place where the Gouernour was neere a brooke.

(M641) And after halfe an houre that they had stood there stil, there came

to the Camp sixe principall Indians, and said, they came to see what

people they were, and that long agoe, they had been informed by their

forefathers, “That a white people should subdue them: and that therefore

they would returne to their Cacique, and bid him come presently to obey

and serue the Gouernour:” and after they had presented him with sixe or

seuen skinnes and mantles which they brought, they tooke their leaue of

him, and returned with the other, which waited for them by the brookeside.

The Cacique neuer came againe nor sent other message. (M642) And because

in the towne where the Gouernour lodged, there was small store of Maiz, he

remooued to another halfe a league from Rio Grande, where they found

plentie of Maiz: And he went to see the Riuer, and found, that neere vnto

it was great store of timber to make barges, and good situation of ground

to incampe in. Presently he remooued himselfe thither. They made houses,

and pitched their Campe in a plaine field a crossebow shot from the Riuer.

And thither was gathered all the Maiz of the townes, which they had lately

passed. They began presently to cut and hew down timber, and to saw

plankes for barges. (M643) The Indians came presently down the Riuer: they

leaped on shore, and declared to the Gouernor, That they were subiects of

a great Lord, whose name was Aquixo, who was Lord of many townes, and

gouerned many people on the other side of the Riuer, and came to tell him

on his behalfe, that the next day he with al his men would come to see,

what it would please him to command him. The next day with speed, the

Cacique came with two hundred canoes full of Indians with their bowes and

arrowes, painted, and with great plumes of white feathers, and many other

colours, with shields in their hands, wherewith they defended the rowers

on both sides, and the men of warre stood from the head to the sterne,

with their bowes and arrowes in their hands. The canoe wherein the Cacique

was, had a tilt ouer the sterne, and hee sate vnder the tilt; and so were

other canoes of the principall Indians. And from vnder the tilt where the

chiefs man sat, hee gouerned and commanded the other people. All ioyned

together, and came within a stones cast of the shore. From thence the

Cacique said to the Gouernour, which walked along the Riuers side with

others that waited on him, that he was come thither to visit, to honour,

and to obey him; because he knew he was the greatest and mightiest Lord on

the earth: therefore he would see what he would command him to doe. The

Gouernour yeelded him thankes, and requested him to come on shore, that

they might the better communicate together. And without any answere to

that point, hee sent him three canoes, wherein was great store of fish and

loaues, made of the substance of prunes like vnto brickes. After he had

receiued al, he thanked him, and prayed him againe to come on shore. And

because the Caciques purpose was, to see if with dissimulation he might

doe some hurt, when they saw that the Gouernour and his men were in

readinesse, they began to goe from the shore: and with a great crie, the

crossebowmen which were ready, shot at them, and slue fiue or sixe of

them. They retired with great order: none did leaue his oare, though the

next to him were slaine; and shielding themselues, they went farther off.

Afterward they came many times and landed: and when any of vs came toward

them, they fled vnto their canoes, which were verie pleasant to behold:

for they were very great and well made, and had their tilts, plumes,

paueses, and flagges, and with the multitude of people that were in them,

they seemed to be a faire armie of gallies. In thirtie dayes space, while

the Gouernour remained there, they made foure barges: In three of which

hee commanded twelue horsemen to enter, in each of them foure; in a

morning, three houres before day, men which hee trusted would land in

despight of the Indians, and make sure the passage, or die, and some

footemen being crossebowmen went with them, and rowers to set them on the

other side. And in the other barge he commanded Iohn de Guzman to passe

with the footemen, which was made Captaine in stead of Francisco

Maldonado. And because the streame was swift, they went a quarter of a

league vp the Riuer along the bancke, and crossing ouer, fell downe with

the streame, and landed right ouer against the Camp. (M644) Two stones

cast before they came to land, the horsemen went out of the barges on

horsebacke to a sandie plot very hard and cleere ground, where all of them

landed without any resistance. Assoone as those that passed first, were on

land on the other side, the barges returned to the place where the

Gouernour was: and within two houres after Sunnerising, all the people

were ouer. The Riuer was almost halfe a league broad. If a man stood still

on the other side, it could not be discerned, whether he were a man or no.

The Riuer was of great depth, and of a strong current: the water was

alwaies muddie: there came downe the Riuer continually many trees and

timber, which the force of the water and streame brought downe. There was

great store of fish in it of sundrie sorts, and the most of it differing

from the freshwater fish of Spaine, as hereafter shall be shewed.

Chap. XXIII. How the Gouernour departed from Aquixo to Casqui, and from

thence to Pacaha: and how this Countrie differeth from that which we had

passed.

Hauing passed Rio grande, the Gouernour trauelled a league and an halfe,

and came to a great towne of Aquixo, which was dispeopled before hee came

thither. They espied thirtie Indians comming ouer a plaine, which the

Cacique sent, to discouer the Christians determination: and assoone as

they had sight of them, they tooke themselues to flight. The horsemen

pursued them, and slue tenne, and tooke fifteene. And because the towne,

whither the Gouernour went, was neere vnto the Riuer, he sent a Captaine,

with as many men as he thought sufficient to carrie the barges vp the

Riuer. And because in his trauelling by land many times he went farre from

the Riuer to compasse the creekes that came from it, the Indians tooke

occasion to set vpon them of the barges, and put them in great danger,

because that by reason of the great current, they durst not leaue the

shore, and from the bancke they shot at them. Assoone as the Gouernour was

come to the towne, hee presently sent crossebow men downe the Riuer, which

came to rescue them; and vpon the comming of the barges to the towne, hee

commanded them to bee broken, and to saue the iron for others, when it

should bee needfull. Hee lay there one night, and the day following, hee

set forward to seeke a Prouince, called Pacaha: which hee was informed to

bee neere vnto Chisca, where the Indians told him there was gold. He

passed through great townes of Aquixo, which were all abandoned for feare

of the Christians. Hee understood by certaine Indians that were taken,

that three daies iournie from thence dwelt a great Cacique, whose name was

Casqui. Hee came to a small Riuer, where a bridge was made, by which they

passed: that day till Sunset, they went all in water, which in some places

came to the waste, and in some to the knees. When they saw themselues on

dry land, they were very glad, because they feared they should wander vp

and downe as forlorne men al night in the water. At noone they came to the

first towne of Casqui: they found the Indians carelesse, because they had

no knowledge of them. There were many men and women taken, and store of

goods, as mantles and skinnes, as well in the first towne, as in another,

which stood in a field halfe a league from thence in sight of it; whither

the horsemen ran. This Countrie is higher, drier, and more champion, than

any part bordering neere the Riuer, that vntill then they had seene. There

were in the fields many Walnut trees, bearing soft shelled Walnuts in

fashion like bullets, and in the houses they found many of them, which the

Indians had laid vp in store. The trees differed in nothing else from

those of Spaine, nor from those which we had seene before, but onely that

they have a smaller leafe. There were many Mulberrie trees and Plum trees,

which bare red plums like those of Spaine, and other gray, somewhat

differing, but farre better. And all the trees are all the yeere so

fruitfull, as if they were planted in orchards: and the woods were verie

thinne. The Gouernour trauelled two daies through the Countrie of Casqui,

before hee came to the towne where the Cacique was: and most of the way

was alway by champion ground, which was full of great townes, so that from

one towne, you might see two or three. He sent an Indian to certifie the

Cacique, that hee was comming to the place where he was, with intent to

procure his friendship, and to hold him as his brother. Whereunto he

answered, That he should be welcome, and that he would receiue him with

speciall good wil, and accomplish all that his Lordship would command him.

Hee sent him a present vpon the way; to wit, skinnes, mantles, and fish:

And after these complements, the Gouernour found all the townes, as he

passed, inhabited with people, which peaceablie attended his comming, and

offered him skinnes, mantles, and fish. The Cacique accompanied with many

Indians came out of the towne, and staied halfe a league on the way to

receiue the Gouernour, and when hee came to him, he spake these words

following:

Right high, right mighty, and renowned Lord, your Lorship is most hartilie

welcome. Assoone as I had notice of your Lordship, of your power, and your

perfections, although you came into my Countrie, killing and taking

captiues the inhabitants thereof and my subiects: yet I determined to

conforme my will vnto yours, and as your owne to interpret in good part

all that your Lordship did: beleeuing, that it was conuenient it should be

so for some iust respect, to preuent some future matter reuealed vnto your

Lordship, and concealed from me. For well may a mischiefe be permitted to

auoid a greater, and that good may come thereof: which I beleeue will so

fall out. For it is no reason to presume of so excellent a Prince, that

the noblenesse of his heart, and the effect of his will would permit him

to suffer any vniust thing. My abilitie is so small to serue you as your

Lordship deserueth, that if you respect not mine abundant good will, which

humblie offereth all kind of seruice, I deserue but little in your

presence. But if it bee reason that this be esteemed, receiue the same; my

selfe, my Countrie, and subiects for yours, and dispose of me and them at

your pleasure. For if I were Lord of all the world, with the same good

will should your Lordship by me be receiued, serued and obeyed.

The Gouernour answered him to the purpose, and satisfied him in few words.

Within a while after both of them vsed words of great offers and courtesie

the one to the other, and the Cacique requested him to lodge in his

houses. The Gouernour, to preserue the peace the better, excused himselfe,

saying, that hee would lodge in the fields. And because it was very hot,

they camped neere certaine trees a quarter of a league from the towne.

(M645) The Cacique went to his towne, and came againe with many Indians

singing. Assoone as they came to the Gouernour, all of them prostrated

themselues vpon the ground. Among these came two Indians that were blind.

The Cacique made a speech: to auoid tediousnesse, I will onely tell in few

words the substance of the matter. Hee said, that seeing the Gouernour was

the sonne of the Sunne, and a great Lord, he besought him to doe him the

fauour to giue sight to those two blind men. The blind men rose vp

presently, and very earnestly requested the same of the Gouernour. He

answered, That in the high heauens was he that had power to giue them

health, and whatsoeuer they could aske of him, whose seruant he was: And

that this Lord made the heauens and the earth, and man after his owne

likenesse, and that he suffered vpon the crosse to saue mankind, and rose

againe the third day, and that he died as he was man, and as touching his

diuinitie, he was, and is immortall; and that he ascended into heauen,

where he standeth with his armes open to receiue all such as turne vnto

him: and straightway he commanded him to make a verie high crosse of wood,

which was set vp in the highest place of the towne; declaring vnto him,

that the Christians worshipped the same in resemblance and memorie of that

whereon Christ suffered. The Gouernour and his men kneeled downe before

it, and the Indians did the like. The Gouernour willed him, that from

thencefoorth hee should worship the same, and should aske whatsoeuer they

stood in need of, of that Lord that he told him was in heauen. Then he

asked him how far it was from thence to Pacaha: He said, one daies

iournie, and that at the end of his Countrie, there was a lake like a

brooke which falleth into Rio Grande, and that hee would send men before

to make a bridge whereby he might passe. The same day that the Gouernour

departed thence, he lodged at a towne belonging to Casqui: and the next

day hee passed in sight of other townes, and came to the lake, which was

halfe a crossebow shot ouer, of a great depth and current. At the time of

his comming, the Indians had made an end of the bridge, which was made of

timber, laid one tree after another: and on one side it had a course of

stakes higher then the bridge, for them that passed to take hold on. The

Cacique of Casqui came to the Gouernour, and brought his people with him.

The Gouernour sent word by an Indian to the Cacique of Pacaha, that though

hee were enemie to the Cacique of Casqui, and though hee were there, yet

he would doe him no disgrace nor hurt, if he would attend him peaceablie,

and embrace his friendship; but rather would intreate him as a brother.

The Indian, which the Gouernour sent, came againe, and said, that the

Cacique made none account of that which hee told him, but fled with all

his men out at the other side of the towne. Presentlie the Gouernour

entred, and ran before with the horsemen, that way, by which the Indians

fled; and at another towne distant a quarter of a league from thence, they

tooke many Indians: and assoone as the horsemen had taken them, they

deliuered them to the Indians of Casqui, whom, because they were their

enemies, with much circumspection and reioycing, they brought to the towne

where the Christians were: and the greatest griefe they had, was this,

that they could not get leaue to kill them. There were found in the towne

many mantles, and Deere skinnes, Lions skins, and Beares skinnes, and many

Cats skins. Many came so farre poorely apparrelled, and there they clothed

themselues: of the mantles, they made them cotes and cassocks, and some

made gownes, and lined them with Cats skins; and likewise their cassocks.

Of the Deeres skinnes, some made them also ierkins, shirts, hose and

shooes: and of the Beare skinnes, they made them verie good clokes: for no

water could pierce them. There were targets of raw oxe hides found there;

with which hides they armed their horses.

Chap. XXIIII. How the Cacique of Pacaha came peaceablie to the Gouernour,

and the Cacique of Casqui absented himselfe, and came againe to make his

excuse, and how the Gouernour made them both friends.

Vpon Wednesday, the 19. of Iune, the Gouernour entred into Pacaha: He

lodged in the towne, where the Cacique vsed to reside, which was very

great, walled, and beset with towers, and many loopeholes were in the

towers and wall. And in the towne was great store of old Maiz, and great

quantitie of new in the fields. Within a league and halfe a league were

great townes all walled. Where the Gouernour was lodged, was a great lake,

that came neere vnto the wall: and it entred into a ditch that went round

about the towne, wanting but a little to enuiron it round. From the lake

to the great Riuer was made a weare by the which the fish came into it;

which the Cacique kept for his recreation and sport: with nets, that were

founde in the towne, they tooke as much as they would: and tooke they

neuer so much, there was no want perceiued. There was also great store of

fish in many other lakes that were thereabout, but it was soft, and not so

good as that which came from the Riuer, and the most of it was different

from the fresh water fish of Spaine. There was a fish which they call

Bagres: the third part of it was head, and it had on both sides the

gilles, and along the sides great pricks like very sharpe aules: those of

this kind that were in the lakes were as big as pikes: and in the Riuer,

there were some of an hundred, and of an hundred and fiftie pounds weight,

and many of them were taken with the hooke. There was another fish like

barbilles; and another like breames, headed like a delicate fish, called

in Spaine besugo,(127) betweene red and gray. This was there of most

esteeme. There was another fish called a pele fish: it had a snout of a

cubit long, and at the end of the vpper lip it was made like a peele.

There was another fish like a Westerne shad; And all of them had scales,

except the bagres, and the pele fish. There was another fish, which

sometimes the Indians brought vs, of the bignes of a hog, they call it the

Pereo fish: it had rowes of teeth beneath and aboue. The Cacique of Casqui

sent many times great presents of fish, mantles, and skinnes. Hee told the

Gouernour that he would deliuer the Cacique of Pacaha into his hands. He

went to Casqui, and sent many canoes vp the Riuer, and came himselfe by

land with many of his people. The Gouernour with 40. horsemen and 60.

footemen tooke him along with him vp the Riuer. And his Indians which were

in the canoes, discouered where the Cacique of Pacaha was in a little

Island, situated betweene two armes of the River. And fiue Christians

entred into a canoe, wherein Don Antonio Osorio went before, to see what

people the Cacique had with him. There were in the Isle fiue or six

thousand soules. And assoone as they saw them, supposing that the Indians

which were in the other canoes were also Christians, the Cacique, and

certaine which were in three canoes, which they had there with them, fled

in great haste to the other side of the Riuer: The rest with great feare

and danger, lept into the Riuer, where much people was drowned, especially

women and little children. Presently the Gouernour which was on land, not

knowing what happened to Don Antonio, and those that went with him,

commanded the Christians with all speed to enter with the Indians of

Casqui in the canoes, which were quickly with Don Antonio in the little

Island, where they tooke many men and women, and much goods. Great store

of goods, which the Indians had lain vpon hurdles of canes, and rafts of

timber to carrie ouer to the other side, draue downe the river, wherewith

the Indians of Casqui filled their canoes: and for feare lest the

Christians would take it from them, the Cacique went home with them downe

the Riuer, without taking his leave of the Gouernour: whereupon the

Gouernour was highly offended with him: and presently returned to Pacaha,

he ouerran the Countrie of Casqui the space of two leagues, where hee

tooke twentie or thirtie of his men. And because his horses were wearie,

and he wanted time that day to goe any farther, hee returned to Pacaha,

with determination within three or four daies after to inuade Casqui. And

presently hee let loose one of the Indians of Pacaha, and sent word by him

to the Cacique, that if hee would haue his friendship, he should repaire

vnto him, and that both of them would make warre upon Casqui. And

presently came many Indians that belonged to Pacaha, and brought an

Indian, in stead of the Cacique, which was discouered by the Caciques

brother which was taken prisoner. The Gouernour wished the Indians that

their Master himselfe should come: for hee knew very well that that was

not hee, and told them, that they could doe nothing which he knew not

before they thought it. (M646) The next day the Cacique came, accompanied

with many Indians, and with a present of much fish, skinnes and mantles.

He made a speech that all were glad to heare, and concluded, saying, That

though his Lordship, without his giuing occasion of offence had done him

hurt in his Countrie and subiects; yet hee would not therefore refuse to

bee his, and that he would alwaies be at his commandement. The Gouernour

commanded his brother to be loosed, and other principall Indians that were

taken prisoners. That day came an Indian from the Cacique of Casqui, and

said, that his Lord would come the next day to excuse himselfe of the

error which he had committed, in going away without licence of the

Gouernour. The Gouernour willed the messenger to signifie vnto him that if

he came not in his owne person, hee would seeke him himselfe, and giue him

such punishment as he deserued. The next day with all speede came the

Cacique of Casqui, and brought a present to the Gouernour of many mantles,

skinnes, and fish, and gaue him a daughter of his, saying, that he greatly

desired to match his blood with the blood of so great a Lord as he was,

and therefore he brought him his daughter, and desired him to take her to

his wife. Hee made a long and discreet oration, giuing him great

commendations, and concluded, saying, that hee should pardon his going

away without licence, for that Crosses sake, which he had left with him:

protesting that hee went away for shame of that which his men had done

without his consent. The Gouernour answered him, that hee had chosen a

good patrone; and that if hee had not come to excuse himselfe, hee had

determined to seeke him, to burne his townes, to kill him and his people,

and to destroy his countrie. To which he replied saying:

My Lord, I and mine are yours, and my countrie likewise is yours:

therefore if you had done so, you should haue destroyed your owne

countrie, and haue killed your owne people: whatsoeuer shall come vnto me

from your hand, I will receiue as from my Lord, as well punishment as

reward: And know you, that the fauour which you did me in leauing me the

Crosse, I do acknowledge the same to be a very great one, and greater then

I haue euer deserued. For you shall vnderstand, that with great droughts,

the fields of Maiz of my countrie were withered; and assoone as I and my

people kneeled before the Crosse, and prayed for raine, presently our

necessitie was relieued.

The Gouernour made him and the Cacique of Pacaha friends; and set them

with him at his table to dine with him: and the Caciques fell at variance

about the seats, which of them should sit on his right hand. The Gouernour

pacified them; telling them that among the Christians, all was one to sit

on the one side or on the other, willing them so to behaue themselues,

seeing they were with him, that no bodie might heare them, and that euery

one should sit in the place that first hee lighted on. From thence he sent

thirtie horse men, and fiftie footemen to the Prouince of Caluça, to see

if from thence hee might trauel to Chisca, where the Indians said, there

was a worke of gold and copper. They trauelled seuen daies iournie through

a desert, and returned verie wearie, eating greene plummes and stalkes of

Maiz, which they found in a poore towne of sixe or seuen houses. From

thence forward toward the North; the Indians said, That countrie was very

ill inhabited, because it was very cold: (M647) And that there were such

store of Oxen, that they could keep no corne for them: that the Indians

liued vpon their flesh. The Gouernour seeing that toward that part the

countrie was so poore of Maiz, that in it they could not be sustained,

demanded of the Indians, which way it was most inhabited; and they said,

they had notice of a great Prouince, and a verie plentifull countrie,

which was called Quigaute, and that it was toward the South.

FOOTNOTES

M1 The principall causes why this voyage is vndertaken.

M2 The seconde kinde of planting

M3 Iosua 4.

M4 Iosua 6.

M5 Ioshua 8.

M6 Ioshua 9.

M7 Iudg. 11. 13.

M8 Iudg. 1.

M9 A good note for al Conquerers to be mercifull. Iudg. 6. 7.

M10 Ruffinus lib. I. cap. 9.

M11 Meropius slaine; Edesius and Frumentius preserued by the Indians.

M12 Frumentius in great fauour with the Queene of the Indias; Another

great worke begunne by a man a meane birth.

M13 Ruffinus the Author of this storie.

_ 1 Marginal note_. Euseb. in his Ecclesiasticall historie, testifieth

how that Constantine the great did enlarge his dominions by subduing

of Infidels and Idolatrous nations. Eusebius lib. I. de vita

Constant. cap. 4. et cap. 9. Euseb. cod. lib. cap. 39.

M14 Theodoret in eccle. lib. 5. cap 20.

M15 Theodoretus cap. 26. eodem lib.

M16 1170. Owen Guyneth was then Prince of Northwales.

M17 Nullum tempus occurrit Regi. This Island was discouered by Sir

Humfrey and his company, in this his last iourney.

2 Montezuma.

M18 Mutezuma his Oration to his subiects in presence of Hermando Cortes,

which Oration was made about the yeere 1520.

M19 M. Oliuer Dalbony. M. Edward Reow. M.R.H. M.I.A.

M20 Cox the master.

_ 3 Marginal note_.—Clothiers. Woolmen. Carders. Spinners. Weauers

Fullers. Sheermen. Diers. Drapers. Cappers. Hatters, &c. and many

decayed townes repayred.

M21 The idle persons of this realme shall by occasion of this iourney

bee well imployed and set on worke.

M22 Hempe doeth growe neere S. Laurence riuer naturally.

M23 Read the beginning of the booke intituled Diuers touching the

discouery of America.

M24 Beasts for pleasure.

M25 Hides solde for forty shillings a piece.

M26 Great grapes. Wine of the Palme tree.

M27 Commodities found in August last.

M28 2 Corinth. 9.

M29 This bargen cannot be uniust, where both parties are gainers.

4 Equator

M30 2. Decad. lib. 5. fol. 77. of the West Indies in English. Canoa is a

kind of boat. 3. Decad. lib. I. fol. 97. About the yere of our Lord

1511.

M31 Conquest of the West Indies. fol. 43. and 45. English.

M32 A marueilous victorie.

5 Louis Cadamosto, a Venetian, born about 1422, sailed from Madeira in

1455. under the auspices of Dom Henry, son of King John of Portugal.

He discovered Senegal, Cape Verd, and Gambia River. In a second

voyage, in 1456, he pushed as far as the Saint Dominic River. On his

return to his native land in 1464, he published an account of his

travels.

M33 Ceffella accompted to be the place where the noble and wise king

Salomon did fetch his gold.

6 Vasco da Gama was the first to double the Cape of Good Hope. Died at

Cochin, 24th December 1525.

7 Alonzo, Duke of Albuquerque, an illegitimate descendant of the Kings

of Portugal, established the Portuguese power on the East Coast of

Africa, in Arabia, the Persian Gulf, further India, the Moluccas,

etc. As Viceroy of the East Indies, his justice and chivalrous

nature won the love and respect of all, and many years after his

death, which happened in 1515, the natives used to make pilgrimages

to his tomb to pray for justice against his cruel successors.

8 Ceylon.

M34 These are the furthest parts of the world from England. At these

Islands hath sir Francis Drake bene, where the fame of the Queenes

most excellent Maiestie was renowmed.

M35 Remember the great arrest of the Hollanders. An. 1598.

M36 Commodities of this voyage in shortnesse.

M37 Commodities of the countrey more then those of Moscouie.

M38 The seuerall merchandise.

M39 A lake of salt in Vasques his voyage.

_ 9 Marginal note_.—The ewer of metal brought by M. Fromisher, caused

two seuerall supplies, the two yeeres next following; whereof the

latter was of thirteene tall ships.

M40 Master Carliles owne experience

M41 The Frenchmens trade renewed in Canada, in the yeere 1581.

M42 The South part best for inhabiting and traffique.

M43 The furnishing foorth of 100. men for one yeere will cost 4000. li.

M44 The fleete of Canada.

M45 The markes of the harbour of the Isle Ramea.

M46 An Isle like a Floure de lice.

M47 A banke of sand.

M48 The maine a shold coast.

M49 Lisle Blanche. The place where they killed 1500. Morses.

M50 Sands and sholds. A smal Island conteining a league of ground.

M51 A hard hauen.

M52 Markes to come into the hauen.

M53 The barre.

M54 The best anchorage.

M55 Another entrance. The Isle of Cormorants.

10 This page refers to Vol. III. of the Edition of 1812. For Jacques

Cartier’s voyage, see farther on.

11 A very curious account of the Unicorn is to be found in Goldsmid’s

Myths of Ancient Science, 1886.

M56 The voyage of M. Drake of Apsham to Ramea.

M57 The Isle of Ramea, or Menquit.

M58 The English men land vpon Cape Briton.

M59 They goe on shore in another place.

M60 The people of the countrey came downe to our men.

M61 Blacke dogs.

M62 A secret trade to the Southwest of Cape Briton.

M63 Soundings to the South and Southwestward of Cape Briton.

M64 They sayle 50 or 60 leagues to the South-West of Cape Briton.

M65 Great store of Seales, Porposes, Whales and Cods.

M66 They continue on the coast from Cape Briton Westwards full eleuen

weekes.

M67 An huge Whale pursued their ship by the space of many dayes till one

of their men fell ouerboord.

12 Probably a Shark.

M68 The Islands of the Martyers. The Isles of S. Peter.

M69 They land on the Isle of Natiscotec.

M70 The Isle of Menego.

M71 The 2 Islands of Birdes.

M72 Store of Morsses.

M73 In Bryans Island excellent ground for corne and meadow.

M74 Another harbourough in Ramea.

M75 A skirmish betweene the French men and vs.

M76 A new treason of the Britons.

M77 The bar of the hauen of Ramea.

M78 They depart from Ramea.

M79 Isle Blanch or the White Isle.

M80 The riuer of Cape Briton.

M81 Their arriuall in the Isle of Cape Briton.

M82 The Chancewel cast away 18 leagues within Cape Briton.

M83 Woods on the Isle of Cape Briton.

M84 The Sauages of Cape Briton come aboord of our ship.

M85 Cibo an harborow in the Isle of Cape Briton.

M86 They departed from Cape Briton.

M87 S. Peters Islands.

M88 A Spanish ship taken.

M89 M. Crafton.

M90 The harborow of Cape S. Marie.

M91 A Briton ship of 200 tunnes taken.

13 Blank in original.

M92 A great white bear.

M93 Les Chasteaux.

M94 Blanc Sablon or white Sands.

M95 Brest a place to the North in Newfoundland.

14 Blank in original.

M96 The riuer of S. Iaques.

M97 Boats made of the barke of birch trees.

15 Blank in original.

M98 The Islands of Margaulx.

M99 Morses or Sea oxen.

M100 An exceeding goodly land.

M101 Varietie of goodly trees.

16 Blank in original.

M102 The passage de Chasteaux.

M103 Trees able to mast ships of 300. tunnes.

M104 Fortie or 50 boates of sauages.

M105 Three hundred gentle Sauages.

M106 Bay du Chaleur, or the Bay of heat.

17 Sous.

M107 Maize.

M108 This hauen seemeth to be Gaspay.

M109 Two sauages taken.

18 Blank in original.

M110 Fifty degrees of latitude.

M111 The Streit of S. Peter.

19 Gulf of Mexico.

M112 The Isle of birds in 49 degrees 40 minutes.

M113 The Bay des Chasteaux or The Grant Bay.

M114 A Cape of the Isle of Assumption.

M115 A mighty skull of Whales.

M116 The mouth of the riuer of Hochelaga about thirty leagues broad.

M117 The Isle of Assumption or Natiscotec.

M118 A hauen on the Southerne coast.

M119 This is the riuer of Tadascu, or of Saguenay.

M120 The Ile of Condres or Filberds.

M121 This great Iland is called The Ile of Orleans. Maiz.

M122 Santa Croix.

M123 Goodly hemp.

M124 The Ile of Bacchus, or the Ile of Orleans.

M125 Vines laden with grapes.

M126 Hochelay.

M127 The lake of Angolesme.

M128 Wild rats as big as Conies.

M129 They leaue their Pinnesse behind.

M130 Hochelaga distant from the lake of Angolesme 45 leagues.

M131 The third of October.

M132 Hochelaga sixe miles from the riuer side.

M133 This Millet is Maiz.

M134 The description of Hochelaga.

M135 Maiz, pease, beanes, musk-millions, cucumbers, and other fruits.

Plentie of fish and the preseruing thereof.

M136 Esurgni good to stanch blood.

M137 A ridge of mountaines to the North of Hochelaga and another to the

South.

M138 The 3 faults or falls of water in 44 degrees of latitude.

M139 The riuer of Saguenay commeth from the West, where there is gold and

siluer.

M140 Toudamani dwelling Southward of Canada.

M141 They desire to be baptised.

M142 Tobacco described.

M143 It is now found to be but 200 leagues.

M144 Riuers falling from mountaines.

M145 Beasts.

M146 Birds.

M147 Fishes.

M148 The right way to Saguenay.

M149 Store of gold and red copper.

M150 Two or three great lakes. Maredulcum aquarum.

M151 A perfect remedy against the French Pocks.

M152 A long winter.

M153 Rubies, Gold, and wollen cloth with other riches in Saguenay.

M154 A people called Picquemians.

M155 The towne of Sidatin.

M156 Donnacona, Taignoagny, and Domagaia taken.

M157 Four and twenty chains of Esurgny.

M158 The Isle of Orleans. Isle de Coudres.

M159 A knife of red coper brought from Saguenay.

M160 The Isle of Hares.

M161 Ten Sauages brought into France. Great riches and very good soile in

Saguenay, which is beyond the saults.

20 Near Boulogne, between that town and Calais.

M162 The kings letters to Cartier.

M163 The great mischiefe of leesing the season.

M164 Carpont Hauen.

M165 Transporting of diuers sorts of cattell for breed.

M166 The new king of Canada.

M167 Great dissimulation of a Sauage.

M168 A good roade 4. leagues aboue Saincte Croix.

M169 Trees aboue 3. fathoms about. Hanneda the most excellent tree of the

world.

M170 Abundance of Vines of grapes.

M171 Fruit like Medlers.

M172 Seed sprong out of the ground within 8 days.

21 Turnips. (French, _Navets_).

M173 A great Plaine of very good arable ground.

M174 Diamants of Canada.

M175 Excellent and strong hempe.

M176 The rich countrey of Saquenay situated beyond the Saults which are

in 44. deg.

M177 They depart from Charlesburg Royal the 7. of Septem.

M178 They delight in red cloth.

M179 The 11 of September.

M180 Bad ground and a great current.

M181 Another village of good people which dwell ouer against the second

Sault.

M182 400 persons about their boates.

M183 Like those of New Albion.

M184 The sauages are great dissemblers.

M185 The Sauages conspire together against the French.

M186 A very great number of Sauages assembled together.

22 This may refer either to Lake St. Peter or Lake Ontario; I should

think the latter.

M187 The Saults are in 44. deg. and easie to passe.

M188 But 5. leagues iourney to passe the 3 Saults.

M189 Ten dayes iourney from the Saults to this great Lake.

M190 The Isle of Blanc Sablon or white sand.

M191 The Isle Ascention, Assumption or Naliscotec.

M192 The commendation of the Isle of Ascension.

23 Hedgehogs.

24 Query, Mount Logan.

25 Cape Gaspe.

26 Chaleur Bay.

M193 Greater store and better fish then in Newfoundland.

M194 The mouth of the riuer of Canada twenty fiue leagues broad.

27 Filbert.

M195 The riuer is here but 10 leagues broad.

M196 The riuer 8 leagues broad.

28 Saguenay River really rises in Lake St. John.

M197 The riuer not past 4 leagues ouer.

29 The word _Canada_ in the native tongue meant, as we have seen above,

a town, and is probably the modern Rimouski.

M198 The beginning of the fresh water.

M199 The riuer but a quarter of a league broad.

M200 Why the countrey is colder in the Winter then France.

M201 A second reason.

M202 The variation of the compasse.

30 The name _Norumbega_ had a different meaning at different periods.

First, there was the fabulous city of Norumbega, situated on the

Penobucot. Secondly, there was the country of Norumbega, embracing

Nova Scotia and New England, and at one time reaching from Cape

Breton to 30 deg. in Florida. Subsequently it receded to narrower

limits and embraced only the region on both sides of the river above

named. (Woods, Introduction to Western Planting, p. lii.)

M203 Gold and siluer like to be found in Canada.

M204 A Bay in 42 degrees giuing some hope of a passage.

31 The Bay of Fundy is probably here alluded to.

M205 The cause of the often snowing in Canada.

M206 Iaques Cartier stole away.

M207 August 1542. September 14.

M208 The proportion of their victuals.

M209 The length of the Winter.

M210 So haue they of Ceuola, and Quiuira, and Meta Incognita.

M211 Their gouernment.

32 He was only knighted some time between December 1584 and February

1585.

33 Public Record Office. Dom. Eliz. Addenda, Vol. xxix., No. 9. This

letter was printed in full in the Maine Historical Society’s

_Documentary History of the State of Maine_, Vol. ii.

34 See the Introduction by Leonard Woods to the Reprint of Hakluyt’s

Discourse for the Maine Historical Society.

35 A great collector of Rare Books, who died in 1770, and whose library

was sold in 1815.

36 This “last edition” is evidently the limited one of Hakluyt’s

Collection of Voyages of 1809-12, 5 vols. 4to, edited by R. H. Evans

and printed by Woodfall.

37 Stevens’s Historical and Geographical Notes, p. 20.

38 Estavan Gomes, a Portuguese pilot, sailed with Magellan on his

famous voyage in 1519, but deserted with his ship and crew. In 1525

(_not_ 1524) he sailed from Corunna. He coasted Newfoundland as far

south as 40 deg. Here he took on board certain Indians and carried

them to Spain. (C.D.)

39 Born 1478. His _Historia general de los Indias_ was not published in

its entirety until 1851-55. (C.D.)

40 It appears from a passage in Chapter xvii. of this Discourse that

Hakluyt had seen an original manuscript account of Cartier’s second

voyage in the Royal Library at Paris.

M212 The Prynces of England called the defenders of the faithe.

41 This title was conferred on Henry VIII. by Leo X. by a bull dated

the fifth of the Ides of October 1521, for his book “Assertio Septem

Sacramentorum adversus Martin Lutherum,” etc., printed by Pynson,

1521.

M213 Plantings fyrste necessarye.

42 Friar Luys Cancel of Balvastro was, with other friars, sent to

Florida by Philip II. in 1549, where they were massacred and eaten.

(See Eden’s version of Gomara’s Historia general, cap. xiv. Woods.)

M214 A question of the adversary.

43 For an account of this earliest colony of Protestantism in America,

consult Bayle’s _Dictionnaire_, Art. _Villegagnon_ and _Ricker_;

Cotton Mather, _Magnalia_, Book I., Southey’s History of Brazil; De

Thou, Maimbourg, etc.

44 Dr. Woods thinks Hakluyt is mistaken in saying ministers went out

with Ribault to Florida. It is indeed hardly likely that Coligny

would have thus alienated the sympathy of Charles IX.

45 Master Wolfall was the name of the minister who accompanied

Frobisher, (see vol. xii. of this edition, p. 81), and Master

Francis Fletcher was with Drake in his voyage round the world in

1577-80. His notes of the voyage were republished by the Hakluyt

Society in 1854.

M215 Barbary

46 See the accounts of Voyages to Barbary given in Vol. xi. of this

Edition.

M216 The Domynions of the Kinge of Spayne.

47 See Vol xi. of this Edition.

M217 France.

48 Hakluyt was chaplain to the English Ambassador in Paris for five

years.

M218 Flaunders.

M219 Estlande.

M220 Denmarke.

49 Russye.

50 This is Ivan III., surnamed _the Great_; he asked Queen Elizabeth in

marriage in 1579.

M221 In the first volume of Ramusius, fol. 374, pag. 2.

51 When Hakluyt speaks of Florida, he means not only the peninsula so

called now, but as far north as 36 degrees. The most northerly

European colony in 1584 was situated south of the present town of

Savannah. It was probably St. Augustine.

52 The work alluded to is Ribault’s “The whole and true discoverye of

Terra Florida.... Prynted at London by Rouland Hall for Thomas

Hacket. 1563.” A copy is in the British Museum. The French version

is one of the lost books of the world.

M222 Sylke wormes exceedinge faire.

M223 The gentleness of the people.

M224 Harvest twise yn the yere.

M225 Pepper groweth here; yt is longe pepper.

53 This “Joyfull Newes” was a translation by Frampton of the “Historia

Medicinal ... de nuestras Indias,” (1574), of Nicholas Monardes, a

learned Spaniard, who died in 1578. The English version was

published in 1577. (C.D.) A copy is in my library.

M226 These apples growe in Italy, and are yellowe like a pipen.

54 Probably Jean Parmentier, of Dieppe.

M227 Excellent colours for dyenge.

55 Not improbably the old seaport of _Brouage_, near La Rochelle, now

deserted. This appears to be the only notice extant of an expedition

by de La Roche in 1584. For an account of his later expedition,

consult Parkman, _Pioneers of France_, pp. 210-212.—C.D.

56 The full account in English of de Coronado’s travels is given by

Hakluyt in this collection. Hakluyt probably was ignorant of

Spanish, as be always quotes the French or Italian versions.

57 Captain Richard Whitbourne, of Exmouth, in his Preface to "A

Discourse and Discovery of Newfoundland," London, 1620, says he was

an eye-witness to Sir H. Gilbert’s taking possession of the

countrey—C.D.

58 This work was reprinted in full by Hakluyt in this collection. _See

ante._

M228 Letters the last yere, in Latin, out of Newfoundelande.

59 Also reprinted in full in the collection. _See ante._

M229 Afterwardes they sett the woodds on fire, which burnt three weekes

together.

M230 Greate heate in Newfoundelande in sommer.

60 This voyage of Cortereale took place in 1500.

61 In all these Italian quotations, the edition by Dr. Deane has the

word _e_ or _ed_ spelled _et_, a curious blunder.

62 In a “True Discourse of the late voyages of discoverie,” written by

George Best, who accompanied Frobisher, London, 1578, and reprinted

by the Hakluyt Society.

M231 A singuler commoditie for dyenge of Englishe clothe. Thinges

incident to a navy.

M232 Prevention to be taken hede of.

M233 Idle persons mutynous and desire alteration in the state.

63 This is a lost book. Emden was the capital of East Friseland. With

reference to the removal of the English merchants at Antwerp to

Emden, consult Strype’s Life of Grindall, Oxford, cap, ix.

64 No less than seven editions of Sleidan’s _De quatuor monarchiis_

were printed by the Elzeviers alone, a proof of the popularity of

the work. An English translation by John Daus was published in

London in 1560.

M234 Six hundred thousand pounde gayned yerely by Englishe wolles.

65 Reprinted in Hakluyt’s “Divers Voyages,” 1582.

M235 Objection. Aunswer.

66 See Myles Phillip’s Voyage, _post_. Also consult Nicholas,

_Pleasaunt Historie of the Conquest of the Weast India_, 1578, pp.

378-9.

M236 The benefits of plantings aboute Cape Bryton or Newfounde lande.

67 Utrecht.

M237 Kinge Phillipps injuries offred by his treasures.

68 These baseless assertions of complicity on the part of Phillip in

the attempts on the life of William of Nassau, only prove the bitter

prejudices of the Protestant party. I am surprised to find Dr.

Deane, in a note on this passage, endorsing Hakluyt’s unfounded

charges.

69 Marnix de Sainte Aldegonde was born at Brussels in 1538. Died 1598.

He was at one time Ambassador to England.—See Motley’s United

Netherlands, I. 145.—C.D.

M238 The example of Antigonus.

70 Golfo Dulce.

M239 A speciall note of a passage.

71 No such river was ever cut.—C.D.

M240 The Frenche.

72 Off the cost of Venezuela.

73 Port-au-Prince.

74 It is strange the Hakluyt should omit St. Vincent, Dominica,

Guadeloupe, etc., and mention such small islands as Marigalante. The

other two islands named are probably Urala and Curasoa.

M241 Bishop Bartholomewe de las Casas an eye wytnes of these cruelties.

75 This quotation is from the English translation, “The Spanish

Colonie,” London, 1583.

M242 Johannes Metellus Sequanus.

M243 The Spanishe monarchy is like unto the monarchy of Alexander the

Greate.

76 Hakluyt here refers to his “Divers Voyages,” published in 1582.

M244 A lecture of the arte of navigation.

M245 Marques de la Cruz Admyrall of the Ocean.

M246 A meane to avoid the sodden arrests of our navy.

M247 The cause why these discoveries went not forward in King Henry the

Seavenths tyme.

M248 (a symbol of a finger pointing)

77 This is not the case.

M249 Sawe milles.

78 See the translation of Zeno’s Voyages, printed by the Hakluyt

Society, and edited by Major.

79 See Introductory note.

80 The illegitimate son of the Infant Don Luiz and Violante Gomes.

Consult Froude, _Hist. of England_, vol. ix.

81 See Vol. xii of this collection of Voyages.

82 See Lamartine’s “Columbus” in my _Bibliotheca Curiosa_.

M250 The reason why the discovery was lefte of in Kinge Henry the

Seaventh’s tyme.

M251 N f land discoverd.

M252 Math. 16

83 Evidently memoranda added to the Manuscript from time to time.

M253 A most nedeful note.

M254 Free Denization graunted.

M255 Anno 1584.

84 This is the voyage that was taking place while Hakluyt was writing

his Discourse on Planting I have given above.

M256 A Southerly course not greatly needful for Virginia.

M257 A sweet smell from the land.

M258 The first riuer. Iuly 13 possession taken.

M259 Abundance of grapes.

M260 The Isle of Wokokon.

M261 Conference with a Sauage.

M262 Abundance of fish.

M263 The ariuall of the kings brother.

M264 Trafficke with the Sauages. Tinne much esteemed.

M265 White corall. Perles.

M266 Pitch trees.

M267 The manner or making their boates.

M268 Their Idole.

M269 Skicoak a great towne.

M270 A ship cast away.

M271 Their weapons.

M272 Or Pananuaioc.

M273 Roanoak sixteen miles long.

85 This is the same Sir Richard Grenville whose heroic fight in the

“Revenge” is so well known.

M274 The land vpon the Iland of S. Iohn de Porto Rico.

86 Should be 24th.

M275 Iune

M276 They land on the Iles of Caicos.

87 Off Smith’s Island.

M277 They land in Florida.

M278 Iuly.

88 Probably Lake Matimuskeet.

M279 August.

M280 September.

M281 October.

M282 The rich and manifold commodities of Virginia.

M283 Commodities fit to carie to Virginia.

M284 2 parts of this discourse.

89 Pamlico Sound.

90 Chesapeake Bay.

M285 The excellencie of the seat of Chesepioock.

91 Albemarle Sound.

92 River Meherrin.

M286 The towne of Chawanook able to make 700. men of warre.

M287 Pearles in exceeding quantitie.

M288 An enterprise of speciall importance.

M289 Whither M. Ralfe Lane meant to remoue.

93 River Appomatox?

94 James River?

M290 Wingina changeth his name. Conspiracie of the Sauages against the

English.

M291 Their women.

M292 A marueilous Mineral in the countrey of Caunis Temoatan.

M293 This skill of making weares would be learned.

M294 The beginning of their haruest in Iuly.

M295 The conspiracie of Pemisapan.

M296 The forme of the treason.

M297 The sufficiencie of our men to deal against the Sauages. 10 to an

hundred.

95 Night surprise. So called from having been made by horsemen with

white shirts over their armour so as to recognise each other in the

darkness.

M298 The slaughter and surprise of the Sauages.

M299 Pemisapan slaine.

M300 A letter from Sir Francis Drake.

M301 This ship arriued in Virginia.

M302 Sir Richard Grinuils third voyage.

96 See the different account given above by one of the colonists.

M303 Fifteen men more left in Virginia.

M304 Fiue thousand pearles gathered.

M305 Tabacco.

M306 Monardes parte 2, lib. 1. cap. 4.

97 This is no doubt, that most useful vegetable, the potato.

M307 The iuice of Coscushaw is poison.

M308 There are iii. kinds of Tunas whereof that which beareth no fruith

bringeth foorth the Cochinillo.

98 Of course, this is an error.

M309 In the gulfe of California they vse the like fishing.

99 Thanet

M310 Iaques Cartier voyage 2. chap. 8.

100 This is quite different from the Indians of South America, who

“rarely attacked in the night.” (Prescott, _Conquest of Peru_, II,

cap. X.)

M311 This want is hereafter to be supplied.

M312 One of the Isles of the Indies inhabited with Sauages.

101 One of the Virgin Islands.

M313 Circumspection to be vsed in strange places.

102 Now called Crux Bay.

M314 Musketos Bay, is a harbour vpon the south side of S. Iohns Island,

where we take in fresh water.

M315 A pleasant and fruitfull countrey, lying on the west end of S. Iohns

Island, where groweth plenty of Orenges, Limons, Plantans, and

Pines.

M316 An intent to plant in the Bay of Chesepiok

M317 Their meaning to remoue 50 miles into the countrey.

M318 Smerwick in the West of Ireland.

103 Littlehampton.

104 Probably Dingle, County Kerry.

M319 The fight was in sight of the Iland of Nauaza.(105)

105 Novassa, south of the Windward Passage.

106 Or Florida Keys.

M320 The state of the currents from the cape of Florida to Virginia.

107 The Gulf Stream.

M321 Great diuersity of soundings.

108 This is either the Core Bank or Hatteras Bank.

M322 Hatorask in 36 degr. and a terce.

M323 They land.

M324 Captaine Spicer drowned.

M325 They leaue the coast of Virginia.

109 Heave to.

M326 13. Pipes of siluer

110 Between 1587 and 1602 Raleigh sent out five expeditions to Virginia.

To the last be firmly believed in the future of the country.

M327 The Isle of Madêra

M328 They discouer land.

M329 The coast trendeth to the East in 34. degrees of latitude.

111 North-East.

M330 Courteous and gentle people.

M331 They run 50 leagues farther.

M332 They ran along the coast 200 leagues. They make hollow their Canoes

with fire.

M333 Vines like those of Lombardie.

M334 A mighty riuer.

M335 People clad with feathers of diuers colours.

M336 The pleasantness and riches of the land.

M337 The description of Claudia, Iland, tenne leagues from the mayne.

Claudia was mother of king Francis.

M338 Most pleasant and fruitful lands.

M339 The fashion of their houses.

M340 The coast full of good havens.

M341 Their curing with Tobacco and perfumes.

M342 The description of a notable hauen in 41. deg. and 2 tierces.

M343 Here the people begin to be more sauage.

M344 Beades of copper.

M345 32 pleasant Islands.

M346 They ran almost to 50. degrees.

M347 Other mens misfortune ought to be our warning.

_ 112 Marginal note_.—The chiefe things worthie obseruation in Florida

are drawen in colours by Iames Morgues painter sometime liuing in

the Black fryers in London.

113 Pierced.

M348 A collection of the commodities of Virginia.

M349 Meanes to raise benefit in new discoueries vsed by the Spaniards and

Portugals.

M350 Kine, sugar-canes and ginger transported into Hispaniola and Madera

&c.

M351 Woad and vines planted in the Azores.

_ 114 Marginal note._—The great zeal of Elizabeth Queene of Castile and

Aragon in aduancing of new discoueries tending to Gods glory.

M352 The aptnesse of the people in the maine of Virginia to embrace

Christianitie. Seneca.

M353 2 Cor. 12. 14.

M354 Iosue 1. 6.

M355 The good successe in Ireland of Richard Strangbow earle of

Chepstowe.

M356 The happy late discouery of the Northwest of Captaine Dauis.

115 [Marginal note: The kings of Poartugal had neuer aboue ten thousand

of their naturall subiects in all their new conquered dominions.]

M357 Planting of Colonies.

M358 When force of armes is to be vsed.

M359 Nota.

M360 America vnknowen to all antiquity.

M361 Christopher Colon or Columbe. Americus Vespucius of whom America

took the name. The first generall part of America. Cabota in the

yeere 1597 had discouered all this tract for the crowne of England.

M362 The trees of Florida.

M363 These are perhaps those which the Sauages call Tunas.

M364 The beasts of Florida.

M365 The foule of Florida.

M366 The disposition and maners of the Floridians.

M367 The wearing of their haire.

M368 Many Hermaphrodites which have the nature of both sexes.

M369 Their order in marching to the warre.

M370 The drinking of Cassine before they goe to battell.

M371 Their maner of the buriall of Kings.

M372 The buriall of their Priests.

M373 Their maner of liuing in the Winter.

M374 Oile in Florida.

M375 The first voyage of Iohn Ribault to Florida. 1562.

M376 The course of the Spaniards not altogether necessary.

M377 Cape Francois in 30. degrees.

M378 A pillar set vp.

M379 Prayiers and thankes to God.

M380 Presents giuen to Ribault.

M381 Their fish weares like those of Virginia.

M382 They passe ouer the riuer.

116 Belle à voir.

M383 The Riuer of Port Royall in 32. degrees of latitude.

M384 A passage by a riuer into the Sea.

M385 Ribault saileth 12 leagues vp the Riuer.

M386 A Pillar of free stone wherein the Armes of France were grauen, set

vp in an Iland in the riuer of Port Royal.

M387 Two Indians taken away.

M388 The dolefull songs of the Indians.

M389 The Indians eat not before the sun be set.

M390 Landonniers putting down in writing the words and phrases of the

Indians speech.

M391 This seemeth to be La grand Copal.

M392 The 2 Indians escape away.

M393 The benefite of planting.

M394 The Oration of Iohn Ribault to his company.

M395 Ælius Pertinax descending from base parentage became Emperour of

Rome.

M396 Agathocles a potters sonne became king of Sicilie.

M397 Rusten Bassha of an heard-mans sonne through his valure became the

greate Turkes sonne in law.

M398 The souldiers answere to Ribaults Oration.

M399 The length and bredth of the fort taken by Laudonnier and Captaine

Salles.

M400 Ribaults speech to Captaine Albert.

M401 The riuer Base 15 leagues Northwards of Port Royall.

M402 Note.

M403 The feast of Toya largely described.

M404 The Indians trimming of themselues with rich feathers.

M405 Inuocations of the Iawas or Priests vnto Toya.

M406 The Indians manner of liuing in the Winter time of Mast and rootes.

M407 The liberalitie of king Ouade.

M408 The fort set on fire by casualtie.

M409 Their second iourney to the countrey of Ouade.

M410 The place where christall groweth in very good quantitie ten dayes

iourney from the riuer Belle.

M411 Note.

M412 Mutiny against the captaine, and the causes thereof.

M413 Captaine Albert slaine by his owne souldiers.

M414 They put to sea without sufficient victuals.

M415 Their victuals vtterly consumed.

M416 They drinke their vrine for want of fresh water.

M417 Extreme famine.

M418 The French succoured by an English Barke.

M419 It seemeth hee meaneth the voyage intended by Stukely.

M420 The ciuill warres the cause why the Frenchmen were not supplied,

which were left behinde in their first voyage.

117 The masacre of Huguenots at Vassy had taken place on March 1st 1562;

the battle of Dreux was fought in December.

118 The temporary Peace of Amboise.

M421 Laudonniers second voyage to Florida, with three ships the 22 of

Aprill 1564.

119 Pine Apples.

M422 Cape François between the riuer of Dolphins and the riuer of May,

maketh the distance 30 leagues about which is but 10 leagues ouer

land.

M423 The riuer of Dolphins called Seloy by the Sauages.

_ 120 Marginal note_.—The pillar set vp before by Ribault crowned with

garlands of Laurell and inuironed with small paniers full of corne,

worshipped by the Sauages.

M424 Grosses.

M425 The curtesie of the Floridians to the French.

M426 Men of exceeding old age.

M427 Sauages in Florida of 250. yeres olde.

M428 Siluer certain dayes iourney vp within the riuer of May. Thimogoa

mortall enemies to Satourioua.

M429 Laudionniers consultation with his company where it might be best

for them to plant.

M430 They begin their planting with prayer to God.

M431 In Florida they couer their houses with Palme leaues.

M432 The forme of the Fort Caroline.

M433 High building is not good for this Countrey.

M434 Note.

M435 The first voyage twentie leagues.

M436 Mayrra a king rich in golde and siluer.

M437 The second voyage.

M438 An exceeding rich place.

M439 Some paint their faces with blacke, and some with red.

M440 King Malica.

M441 They lappe mosse about their woundes and vse it instead of napkins.

M442 The returne of their shippes toward France the 28 of Iuly.

M443 The ceremonie which they vse before they goe to warre.

M444 Consultation before they assault their enemies.

M445 How they vse their enemies which they take in war.

M446 Their maner of triumph.

M447 Excellent Pumpions.

M448 A wonderfull lightning the 29. of August.

M449 The Sauages thinke the lightning to be discharging of the Christians

Ordinance.

M450 Laudonnier vsed the present occasion to his profite.

M451 A wonderfull heate.

M452 Fiftie cart load of fish dead in the Riuer with this heat.

M453 The thirde voyage the tenth September. Mayarqua a place 80 leagues

vp the Riuer of May.

M454 King Patanou.

M455 The Indians maner of war.

M456 Two hundreth Indians.

M457 Vtina getteth the victory of Potanou by the helpe of the French.

M458 La Roquettes conspiracie.

M459 Monsieur de Genre.

M460 Gienres message to Laudoniere in the Souldiers name.

M461 His answere.

M462 A dangerous practice against the Captaine and his Lieute’nt.

M463 Laudonniers sicknesse.

M464 Laudonniers Apothecarie.

M465 Captaine Bourdet arriued in Florida the 4. of September.

M466 The 4. voyage the 7. of Nouember.

M467 One of his Barks stolne away by his Mariners.

M468 Another of his Barks stolne away by two Carpenters.

M469 One of these Mariners named Francis Iean betrayed his own countrey

men to the Spaniard, and brought them into Florida.

M470 A Saw-mill necessary here.

M471 The thirde sedition.

M472 By Peru the French meane the coast of Carthagena and Nombre de Dios.

M473 The captaines charge at his setting forth.

M474 Landonniere kept 15. dayes prisoner by his owne souldiers.

M475 The returne of part of Laudonnieres seditious souldiers.

M476 Laudonnieres oration to his mutinous souldiers.

M477 The sentence of death.

M478 Execution.

M479 Laudonniere setteth things in order after his returne out of prison

to the fort.

M480 Reparation of the West side of the fort.

M481 Two Spanyards brought vnto Laudonniere by the Sauages.

M482 Calos a place uopn the Flats called The Martyres neere the Cape of

Florida.

M483 Plates of gold as broad as a sawcer.

M484 One of these Spanyards names was Martin Gomes.

M485 King Oathcaqua or Houathca.

M486 The greatest victory among the Floridians.

M487 The Floridians great traitours and dissemblers.

M488 Nicholas Masson otherwise called Nicolas Barre.

M489 King Audustas great humanity.

_ 121 Marginal note_.—Peter Martyr writeth cap. 1. decad. 7. that the

like flocks of pigeons are in the isles of the Lucayos.

M490 The widow of King Hioacaia, or Hihouhacara.

M491 This queenes name was Nia Cubicani.

M492 The fift voyage vp the riuer of May.

M493 Vtina sendeth to Laudonniere for his helpe.

M494 A good note.

M495 Three hundred Indians.

M496 Iawa signifieth their Priest or Magician.

M497 Potanou accompanied with two thousand Indians.

M498 The prediction of the Magician found true.

M499 Vtina hath 18 or 20 kings to his Vassals.

M500 A custome of the Indians to leaue their houses for 3 or 4 moneths

and to liue in the woods.

M501 They looke for succour out of France by the end of April at the

vttermost.

M502 Extreme famine for sixe weekes space.

M503 The vile nature of the Indians.

M504 Vtina taken prisoner in his village by Laudonniere and 50 of his

souldiers.

M505 Note.

M506 Note.

M507 New corne by the end of May in Florida.

M508 A little greene fruite that groweth in the riuers as big as cheries.

M509 Two Carpenters killed for gathering the Indians maize.

M510 Patica a village.

M511 Desire of reuenge rooted in the sauage.

M512 A necessarie admonition.

M513 The Floridians subtilities.

M514 A certaine signe of warre.

M515 A skirmish betwene the Sauages and the French.

M516 A second fresh charge of Sauages.

M517 The Floridians maner of fight.

M518 Courtesie and liberalitie the best meanes to deale with the sauages.

M519 The beating downe of the houses without the fort, and the Palisade.

M520 The cause why the French lost Florida.

M521 Eight kings Laudonniers friends and allies.

M522 The principall scope of planters in strange countreys.

M523 Florida a rich countrey.

M524 Aug. 1565.

M525 M. Iohn Hawkins the English Generall.

M526 Sheepe and poulterie carried into Florida.

M527 An aduantage wisely taken.

M528 The French mistrusted that the Englishmen would plant in Florida.

M529 Silver found in Florida.

M530 Note. The great importance of this enterprise.

M531 The great humanitite and bounty of Master Iohn Hawkins to the

French.

M532 The departure of the English Generall.

M533 The arriual of Captaine Iohn Ribault at the Fort the 28 of August

1565.

M534 Note.

M535 False reports of Laudonniere to the Admirall of France.

M536 The danger of back-biting.

M537 Alcibiades banished by backbiters.

M538 Laudonnieres receiuing of Captaine Ribault.

M539 Letters of the Lord Admirall vnto Laudonniere.

M540 Accusations against him.

M541 Laudonnieres answere thereunto.

M542 Five Indian kings.

M543 The mountaines of Apalatcy wherein are mines of perfect gold. Sieroa

Pira red mettall.

M544 Good meanes to auoid the danger of fire.

M545 The Spaniards undermining and surprizing of the French.

_ 122 Marginal note_.—The Riuer Seloy or the riuer of Dolphins but 8 or

10 leagues ouer land from the fort: but it is thirty doubling the

Cape by sea.

M546 Dangerous flawes of wind on the coast of Florida in September.

M547 A village and riuer both of that name.

M548 An aduertisment of my Lord Admirall to Captaine Ribault.

M549 A mighty tempest the 10 of September.

M550 Landonniere hardly vsed by Ribault.

M551 Landonniere and his company begin to fortifie themselues.

M552 A muster of men left in the fort by Ribault.

M553 The Spanyards discryed the 20 of September.

M554 The Spaniards enter the fort.

M555 Francis Iean a traitour to his nation.

M556 Don Pedro Melendes captaine of the Spaniards.

M557 Laudonniers escape.

M558 Iohn du Chemin a faithful seruant.

M559 The diligence of the Mariners to saue them that escaped out of the

fort.

M560 Among these was Iaques Morgues painter sometime liuing in the

Blackfryers in London.

M561 Francis Iean cause of this enterprise.

M562 The bad dealing of Iames Ribault.

M563 Our returne into France the 25. of September 1565.

M564 Laudonniers arriuall in Swansey Bay in Glamorganshire in South

Wales.

M565 The courtesie of our Master Morgan.

M566 Monsieur de Foix Ambassador for the French king in England.

M567 The conclusion.

M568 The causes why the French lost Florida.

M569 The chanell of Bahama betweene Florida and the Isles of Lucayos.

M570 The Frenchmens landing at the riuer Tacatacourou.

M571 Complaints of the Sauages against the Spanyards.

M572 Peter de Bré had liued about two yeeres with Satourioua.

M573 Three pledges deliuered to Gourges by Satourioua.

M574 The estate of the Spanyards in Florida.

M575 The riuer Saracary, or Sarauahi.

M576 The assault and taking of the first Fort.

M577 The valure of Olotocara.

M578 The assault and taking of the second fort.

M579 The Sauages great swimmers.

M580 The Spaniards of the second Fort all slaine.

M581 Note.

M582 A notable Spanish subtiltie.

M583 The cause why the Floridans bury their goods with them.

M584 Note.

M585 The slaughter of the Spaniards at the third fort.

M586 The writings hanged ouer the French and Spaniards slaine in Florida.

M587 The three Forts razed.

M588 Great honour done by the Sauages to Gourgues.

M589 Kniues in great estimation.

M590 The arriuall of Gourgues at Rochel, the sixt of Iune.

M591 The birth, life and death of captaine Gourgues.

123 See an account of these cotton breastplates in Prescott’s _Mexico_.

M592 Chap. 35.

M593 Decad. 3. lib. 8. cap. 8.

124 For a full account of Herrera and his writings, consult Prescott’s

_Mexico_.

M594 Chap. 15.

M595 Chap. 23.

M596 Chap. 24.

M597 Chap. 14.

M598 Chap. 31 and 32.

M599 Chap. 31 and 32.

125 From this preface it is clear that Hakluyt interested himself in

Virginia even after Raleigh’s disgrace.

M600 Eluas is a Citie in Portugal.

M601 Cabeça de Vaca was the Gouernour of the Riuer of Plate.

M602 Sixe hundred men went with Soto into Florida.

M603 Great figges.

126 Marginal note: Erua babosa Mameia, an excellent fruite.

M604 Batatas, or Potatos.

M605 The Cassaui root.

M606 Store of good horses.

M607 The length and breadth of Cuba.

M608 A wittie stratagem.

M609 This place was called Baya de Sirito Sancto, being on the West side

of Florida, in 29 degrees. 1/2.

M610 The ships came vp to the towne of Vcita.

M611 Iohn Ortiz liued 12. yeeres, among the Floridians of Vcita and

Mocoço.

M612 Mocoço dwelleth two daies iournie from Vcita.

M613 Mocoço his towne within 2. leagues of the sea.

M614 Paracossi 30. leagues from Puerto de Spirito Santo.

M615 A new conspiracie.

M616 Two hundred Indians taken.

M617 Chap. 11.

M618 Cosaqui. Patofa.

M619 Two swift Riuers.

M620 Another greater Riuer.

M621 The great increase of swine.

M622 An Indian burned for his falsehood.

M623 Cutifa-Chiqui.

M624 This towne was but two daies iourney from the hauen of Santa Helena.

In the yeere 1525. It is 32 degrees 1/2.

M625 Chalaque seuen daies iournie from Cutifa-Chiqui.

M626 The desert of Ocute, chap. 14.

M627 Certaine townes.

M628 Mines of copper and gold in Chisca toward the North.

M629 Chisca is directly North from Cutifa-Chiqui which is within two

daies of Santa Helena.

M630 Two Christians sent from Chiaha to seeke Chisca.

M631 A wise strategem.

M632 Vllibahali walled about.

M633 Mauilla walled.

M634 Al the clothes and perles of the Christians were lost.

M635 A consultation of the Indians to send away their Cacique.

M636 The death of 2500. Indians.

M637 The Port of Ochuse sixe daies iournie from Mauilla.

M638 An Indian stratagem.

M639 March, 1541.

M640 Chicaça set on fire by the Indians.

M641 An olde prophecie.

M642 Another towne, Rio Grande, or Rio de Espiritu Santo.

M643 Aquixo, a great Lord on the West side of Rio grande.

M644 They passe ouer Rio Grande.

M645 The chiefe towne of the Cacique of Casqui.

127 “Pez muy comun en los mares setentrionales de Espana, de un pie de

largo, comprimido, de color por el lomo azul claro, y por el vientre

bianco.” (_Diccionario de la Academia_.)—Probably the Sparus of

Pliny.

M646 The Cacique of Pacaha cometh to the Gouernour.

M647 Great store of Oxen toward the North of Pacaha. This is like

Quiuira.