reliance on your slight chemical knowledge in medical matters. I do not
know why whey is not separated from curd by rennet, or by an alkali, for
the purpose which you mention; but I strongly suspect that there must be
some good reason why the preparation by means of wine is generally
preferred. I can, however, safely point out to you a method of obtaining
whey without either alkali, rennet, or wine; it is by substituting lemon
juice, a very small quantity of which will separate it from the curds.
Whey, as an article of diet, is very wholesome, being remarkable light
of digestion. But its effect, taken medicinally, is chiefly, I believe,
to excite perspiration, by being drunk warm on going to bed.
From whey a substance may be obtained in crystals by evaporation, called
_sugar of milk_. This substance is sweet to the taste, and in its
composition is so analogous to common sugar, that it is susceptible of
undergoing the vinous fermentation.
CAROLINE.
Why then is not wine, or alcohol, made from whey?
MRS. B.
The quantity of sugar contained in milk is so trifling, that it can
hardly answer that purpose. I have heard of only one instance of its
being used for the production of a spirituous liquor, and this is by the
Tartan Arabs; their abundance of horses, as well as their scarcity of
fruits, has introduced the fermentation of mares’ milk, by which they
produce a liquor called _koumiss_. Whey is likewise susceptible of being
acidified by combining with oxygen from the atmosphere. It then produces
the _lactic acid_, which you may recollect is mentioned amongst the
animal acids, as the acid of milk.
Let us now see what are the properties of curds.
EMILY.
I know that they are made into cheese; but I have heard that for that
purpose they are separated from the whey by rennet, and yet this you
have just told us is not the method of obtaining pure curds?
MRS. B.
Nor are pure curds so well adapted for the formation of cheese. For the
nature and flavour of the cheese depend, in a great measure, upon the
cream or oily matter which is left in the curds; so that if every
particle of cream be removed from the curds, the cheese is scarcely
eatable. Rich cheeses, such as cream and Stilton cheeses, derive their
excellence from the quantity, as well as the quality, of the cream that
enters into their composition.
CAROLINE.
I had no idea that milk was such an interesting compound. In many
respects there appears to me to be a very striking analogy between milk
and the contents of an egg, both in respect to their nature and their
use. They are, each of them, composed of the various substances
necessary for the nourishment of the young animal, and equally destined
for that purpose.
MRS. B.
There is, however, a very essential difference. The young animal is
formed, as well as nourished, by the contents of the egg-shell; whilst
milk serves as nutriment to the suckling, only after it is born.
There are several peculiar animal substances which do not enter into the
general enumeration of animal compounds, and which, however, deserve to
be mentioned.
_Spermaceti_ is of this class; it is a kind of oily substance obtained
from the head of the whale, which, however, must undergo a certain
preparation before it is in a fit state to be made into candles. It is
not much more combustible than tallow, but it is pleasanter to burn, as
it is less fusible and less greasy.
_Ambergris_ is another peculiar substance derived from a species of
whale. It is, however, seldom obtained from the animal itself, but is
generally found floating on the surface of the sea.
_Wax_, you know, is a concrete oil, the peculiar product of the bee,
part of the constituents of which may probably be derived from flowers,
but so prepared by the organs of the bee, and so mixed with its own
substance, as to be decidedly an animal product. Bees’ wax is naturally
of a yellow colour, but it is bleached by long exposure to the
atmosphere, or may be instantaneously whitened by the oxy-muriatic acid.
The combustion of wax is far more perfect than that of tallow, and
consequently produces a greater quantity of light and heat.
_Lac_ is a substance very similar to wax in the manner of its formation;
it is the product of an insect, which collects its ingredients from
flowers, apparently for the purpose of protecting its eggs from injury.
It is formed into cells, fabricated with as much skill as those of the
honey-comb, but differently arranged. The principal use of lac is in the
manufacture of sealing-wax, and in making varnishes and lacquers.
_Musk_, _civet_, and _castor_, are other particular productions, from
different species of quadrupeds. The two first are very powerful
perfumes; the latter has a nauseous smell and taste, and is only used
medicinally.
CAROLINE.
Is it from this substance that castor oil is obtained?
MRS. B.
No. Far from it, for castor oil is a vegetable oil, expressed from the
seeds of a particular plant; and has not the least resemblance to the
medicinal substance obtained from the castor.
_Silk_ is a peculiar secretion of the silk-worm, with which it builds
its nest or cocoon. This insect was originally brought to Europe from
China. Silk, in its chemical nature, is very similar to the hair and
wool of animals; whilst in the insect it is a fluid, which is
coagulated, apparently by uniting with oxygen, as soon as it comes in
contact with the air. The moth of the silk-worm ejects a liquor which
appears to contain a particular acid, called _bombic_, the properties of
which are but very little known.
EMILY.
Before we conclude the subject of the animal economy, shall we not learn
by what steps dead animals return to their elementary state?
MRS. B.
Animal matter, although the most complicated of all natural substances,
returns to its elementary state by one single spontaneous process, the
_putrid fermentation_. By this, the albumen, fibrine, &c. are slowly
reduced to the state of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon; and thus
the circle of changes through which these principles have passed is
finally completed. They first quitted their elementary form, or their
combination with unorganised matter, to enter into the vegetable system.
Hence they were transmitted to the animal kingdom; and from this they
return, again to their primitive simplicity, soon to re-enter the sphere
of organised existence.
When all the circumstances necessary to produce fermentation do not take
place, animal, like vegetable matter, is liable to a partial or
imperfect decomposition, which converts it into a combustible substance
very like spermaceti. I dare say that Caroline, who is so fond of
analogies, will consider this as a kind of animal bitumen.
CAROLINE.
And why should I not, since the processes which produce these substances
are so similar?
MRS. B.
There is, however, one considerable difference; the state of bitumen
seems permanent, whilst that of animal substances, thus imperfectly
decomposed, is only transient; and unless precautions be taken to
preserve them in that state, a total dissolution infallibly ensues. This
circumstance, of the occasional conversion of animal matter into a kind
of spermaceti, is of late discovery. A manufacture has in consequence
been established near Bristol, in which, by exposing the carcases of
horses and other animals for a length of time under water, the muscular
parts are converted into this spermaceti-like substance. The bones
afterwards undergo a different process to produce hartshorn, or, more
properly, ammonia, and phosphorus; and the skin is prepared for leather.
Thus art contrives to enlarge the sphere of useful purposes, for which
the elements were intended by nature; and the productions of the several
kingdoms are frequently arrested in their course, and variously
modified, by human skill, which compels them to contribute, under new
forms, to the necessities or luxuries of man.
But all that we enjoy, whether produced by the spontaneous operations of
nature, or the ingenious efforts of art, proceed alike from the goodness
of Providence. --To GOD alone man owes the admirable faculties which
enable him to improve and modify the productions of nature, no less than
those productions themselves. In contemplating the works of the
creation, or studying the inventions of art, let us, therefore, never
forget the Divine Source from which they proceed; and thus every
acquisition of knowledge will prove a lesson of piety and virtue.
INDEX.
A
Absorbent vessels, ii. 304
Absorption of caloric, i. 59. 66
Acetic acid, ii. 75. 197
Acetous fermentation, ii. 232
---- acid, ii. 193. 232
Acidulous gaseous mineral waters, ii. 129
---- salts, ii. 200
Acids, i. 262. ii. 69
Aeriform, i. 36
Affinity, i. 19. ii. 1
Agate, ii. 51
Agriculture, ii. 252
Air, i. 182. ii. 262
Albumen, ii. 277. 288
Alburnum, ii. 267
Alchemists, i. 4
Alcohol, or spirit of wine, ii. 215. 222
Alembic, i. 258
Alkalies, ii. 19
Alkaline earths, ii. 50. 58
Alloys, i. 344
Alum, or sulphat of alumine, ii. 55. 95
Alumine, ii. 54
Alumium, i. 13
Amalgam, i. 347
Ambergris, ii. 358
Amethyst, ii. 58
Amianthus, ii. 66
Ammonia, or volatile alkali, i. 363. ii. 20. 35
Ammoniacal gas, ii. 36
Ammonium, i. 13
Analysis, i. 287
---- of vegetables, ii. 165
Animals, ii. 276
Animal acids, ii. 75. 290
---- colours, ii. 292
---- heat, ii. 337
---- oil, ii. 178. 283
Animalization, ii. 276. 297. 315
Antidotes, ii. 41. 87
Antimony, i. 14
Aqua fortis, ii. 105
---- regia, i. 340. ii. 144
Arrack, ii. 220
Argand’s Lamp, i. 208
Arsenic, i. 14. 340. 348
Arteries, ii. 304. 323
Arterial blood, ii. 305. 326. 338
Asphaltum, ii. 240
Assafœtida, ii. 188
Assimilation, ii. 298
Astringent principle, ii. 198
Atmosphere, i. 90. 181. ii. 262
Atmospherical air, i. 182
Attraction of aggregation, or cohesion, i. 16. ii. 2
---- of composition, i. 16. ii. 1
Azot, or nitrogen, i. 182, ii. 100
Azotic gas, i. 182
B
Balsams, ii. 165. 188
Balloons, i. 245
Bark, ii. 193. 265
Barytes, ii. 44. 58. 61
Bases of acids, i. 263. ii. 69
---- gases, i. 183
---- salts, ii. 5
Beer, ii. 212. 220
Benzoic acid, ii. 74. 197
Bile, ii. 308
Birds, ii. 347
Bismuth, i. 14
Bitumens, ii. 239
Black lead, or plumbago, i. 304
Bleaching, i. 32. ii. 89. 140.
Blow-pipe, i. 324. ii. 226
Blood, ii. 306. 317
Blood-vessels, ii. 298
Boiling water, i. 93
Bombic acid, ii. 75. 290
Bones, ii. 298, 299
Boracic acid, i. 365. ii. 131
Boracium, i. 13. ii. 132
Borat of soda, ii. 133
Brandy, ii. 218
Brass, i. 344
Bread, ii. 233
Bricks, ii. 56
Brittle-metals, i. 14
Bronze, i. 341
Butter, ii. 351
Butter-milk, ii. 352
C
Calcareous earths, ii. 65
---- stones, ii. 123
Calcium, i. 13
Caloric, i. 12. 33
----, absorption of, i. 66
----, conductors of, i. 70
----, combined, i. 122
----, expansive power of i. 35
----, equilibrium of, i. 50
----, reflexion of, i. 54. 67
----, radiation of, i. 52. 61
----, solvent power of, i. 96. 102
----, capacity for, i. 124
Calorimeter, i. 156
Calx, i. 183
Camphor, ii. 165. 185
Camphoric acid, ii. 74. 197
Caoutchouc, ii. 165. 189
Carbonats, ii. 25. 129
Carbonat of ammonia, ii. 41
---- lead, i. 320
---- lime, ii. 59. 130
---- magnesia, ii. 67
---- potash, ii. 25
Carbonated hydrogen gas, i. 302
Carbon, i. 282. ii. 329
Carbonic acid, i. 290. 359. ii. 327
Carburet of iron, i. 304. 342
Carmine, ii. 295
Cartilage, ii. 303
Castor, ii. 359
Cellular membrane, ii. 311
Caustics, i. 349
Chalk, ii. 62. 123
Charcoal, i. 282
Cheese, ii. 356
Chemical attraction, i. 15. ii. 9
Chemistry, i. 3
Chest, ii. 318
China, ii. 54
Chlorine, i. 214
Chrome, i. 14. 340
Chyle, ii. 305. 317
Chyme, ii. 316
Citric acid, ii. 74. 197
Circulation of the blood, ii. 322
Civet, ii. 359
Clay, i. 48. ii. 55
Coke, ii. 241
Coal, ii. 240. 252
Cobalt, i. 14
Cochineal, ii. 295
Cold, i. 50. 58
---- from evaporation, i. 102. 113. 150
Colours of metallic oxyds, i. 319
Columbium, i. 14. 340. 348
Combined caloric, i. 122
Combustion, i. 190
----, volatile products of, i. 207
----, fixed products of, i. 207
----, of alcohol, ii. 225
----, of ammoniacal gas, ii. 42
----, of boracium, ii. 133
----, by oxymuriatic acid or chlorine, ii. 142
----, of carbon, i. 289
----, of coals, i. 207. 297
----, of charcoal by nitric acid, ii. 102
----, of candles, i. 236. 309. ii. 179
----, of diamonds, i. 292
----, of ether, ii. 230
----, of hydrogen, i. 229.
----, of iron, i. 200. 322
----, of metals, i. 321
----, of oils, i. 208. ii. 178. 309
----, of oil of turpentine by nitrous acid, ii. 6
----, of phosphorus, i. 272
----, of sulphur, i. 261
---- of potassium, i. 358. ii. 132. 138, 139
Compound bodies, i. 9. ii. 14
---- or neutral salts i. 333. ii. 4
Conductors of heat, i. 71
----, solids, i. 73
----, fluids, i. 78
----, Count Rumford’s theory, i. 79
Constituent parts, i. 9
Copper, i. 14. 331
Copal, ii. 187. 224
Cortical layers, ii. 265. 267
Cotyledons, or lobes, ii. 256
Cream, ii. 351
Cream of tartar, or tartrit of potash, ii. 200. 222
Cryophorus, i. 154
Crystallisation, i. 338. ii. 47
Cucurbit, i. 258
Culinary heat, i. 88
Curd, ii. 351. 354
Cuticle, or epidermis, ii. 310
D
Decomposition, i. 8. 20
---- of atmospherical air, i. 181. 209
---- of water by the Voltaic battery, i. 220
---- of salts by the Voltaic battery, ii. 14
---- of water by metals, i. 225. 334
---- ---- by carbon, i. 301
---- of vegetables, ii. 202
---- of potash, i. 356
---- of soda, i. 56
---- of ammonia, i. 363. ii. 37
---- of the boracic acid, ii. 132
---- of the fluoric acid, ii. 136
---- of the muriatic acid, ii. 139
Deflagration, ii. 118
Definite proportions, ii. 13
Deliquescence, ii. 95
Detonation, i. 219. ii. 116
Dew, i. 105
Diamond, i. 285
Diaphragm, ii. 320
Digestion, ii. 316
Dissolution of metals, i. 165. 316. 333
Distillation, i. 259. ii. 218
---- of red wine, ii. 218
Divellent forces, ii. 12
Division, i. 7
Drying oils, ii. 181
Dying, ii. 191
E
Earths, ii. 44
Earthen-ware, ii. 53. 57
Effervescence, i. 298
Efflorescence, ii. 94
Elastic fluids, i. 37
Electricity, i. 12. 25. 160. 220. ii. 139
Electric machine, i. 169
Elective attractions, ii. 9
Elementary bodies, i. 8. 12
Elixirs, tinctures, or quintessences, ii. 225
Enamel, ii. 57
Epidermis of vegetables, ii. 269
---- of animals, ii. 310
Epsom salts, ii. 63. 95
Equilibrium of caloric, i. 50
Essences, i. 307. ii. 183. 224
Essential, or volatile oils, i. 307. ii. 183
Ether, i. 111. ii. 229
Evaporation, i. 103
Evergreens, ii. 274
Eudiometer, i. 276
Expansion of caloric, i. 36
Extractive colouring matter, ii. 165. 190
F
Falling stones, i. 319
Fat, i. 306. ii. 311
Feathers, ii. 300
Fecula, ii. 176
Fermentation, ii. 205
Fibrine, ii. 277. 289
Fire, i. 7. 27
Fish, ii. 346
Fixed air, or carbonic acid, i. 290. ii. 125
---- alkalies, ii. 20
---- oils, i. 307. ii. 165. 177
---- products of combustion, i. 207
Flame, i. 237
Flint, ii. 30. 51
Flower or blossom, ii. 271
Fluoric acid, ii. 54. 134
Fluorium, or Fluorine, i. 12. ii. 136
Formic acid, ii. 290
Fossil wood, ii. 242
Frankincense, ii. 187
Free or radiant caloric, or heat of temperature, i. 33
Freezing mixtures, i. 142
---- by evaporation, i. 104. 150, &c.
Frost, i. 94
Fruit, ii. 271
Fuller’s earth, ii. 55
Furnace, i. 304
G
Galls, ii. 199
Gallat of iron, ii. 98
Gallic acid, ii. 74. 197, 198
Galvanism, i. 163
Gas, i. 182
Gas-lights, i. 240
Gaseous oxyd of carbon, i. 296
---- nitrogen, ii. 111
Gastric juice, ii. 316
Gelatine, or jelly, ii. 277. 280
Germination, ii. 256
Gin, ii. 221
Glands, ii. 298. 307
Glass, ii. 30
Glauber’s salts, or sulphat of soda, ii. 92
Glazing, ii. 57
Glucium, i. 13
Glue, ii. 281. 287
Gluten, ii. 165. 177
Gold, i. 14. 323
Gum, ii. 170
---- arabic, ii. 170
---- elastic, or caoutchouc, ii. 189
---- resins, ii. 165. 188
Gunpowder, ii. 116
Gypsum, or plaister of Paris, or sulphat of lime, ii. 95
H
Hair, ii. 300
Harrogate water, i. 268. 341
Hartshorn, ii. 35. 39. 281. 285
Heart, ii. 323
---- wood, ii. 268
Heat, i. 26. 33
---- of capacity, i. 127. 135
---- of temperature, i. 33
Honey, ii. 175
Horns, ii. 282. 300
Hydro-carbonat, i. 241. 303
Hydrogen, i. 214
---- gas, i. 215
I
Jasper, ii. 51
Ice, i. 138
Jelly, ii. 281
Jet, ii. 240
Ignes fatui, i. 277
Ignition, i. 119
Imponderable agents, i. 12
Inflammable air, i. 215
Ink, ii. 98. 199
Insects, ii. 349
Integrant pans, i. 9
Iridium, i. 14
Iron, i. 14. 319. 328
Isinglass, ii. 194. 285
Ivory black, ii. 295
Iodine, i. 214. ii. 157
K
Kali, ii. 34
Koumiss, ii. 356
L
Lac, ii. 358
Lactic acid, ii. 75. 290. 356
Lakes, colours, ii. 190
Latent heat, i. 133
Lavender water, ii. 184. 224
Lead, i. 14. 318. 330
Leather, ii. 193. 287
Leaves, ii. 260
Life, ii. 159. 168
Ligaments, ii. 303
Light, i. 12. 26. ii. 261
Lightning, i. 248
Lime, ii. 59
---- water, ii. 61
Limestone, ii. 60
Linseed oil, ii. 178
Liqueurs, ii. 224
Liver, ii. 308
Lobes, ii. 256. 332
Lunar caustic, or nitrat of silver, i. 350. ii. 119
Lungs, ii. 319. 330
Lymph, ii. 304
Lymphatic vessels, ii. 304
M
Magnesia, ii. 44. 66
Magnium, i. 13
Malic acid, ii. 74. 197
Malt, ii. 211
Malleable metals, i. 14
Manganese, i. 14. 317
Manna, ii. 176
Manure, ii. 247
Marble, ii. 123
Marine acid, or muriatic acid, ii. 136
Mastic, ii. 187. 224
Materials of animals, ii. 277
---- of vegetables, ii. 165
Mercury, i. 14. 346
----, new mode of freezing, i. 155. 347
Metallic acids, i. 340
---- oxyds, i. 316
Metals, i. 12. 314
Meteoric stones, i. 342
Mica, ii. 66
Milk, ii. 299. 306. 350
Minerals, i. 315. ii. 44. 158
Mineral waters, i. 296. ii. 129
---- acids, ii. 73
Miner’s lamp, i. 249
Mixture, i. 99
Molybdena, i. 14. 340
Mordant, ii. 165. 192
Mortar, ii. 53. 65
Mucilage, ii. 170
Mucous acid, ii. 74. 171. 197
---- membrane, ii. 311
Muriatic acid, or marine acid, ii. 136
Muriats, ii. 151
Muriat of ammonia, ii. 35. 152
---- lime, i. 100
---- soda, or common salt, ii. 136. 151
---- potash, ii. 138
Muriatium, i. 13
Muscles of animals, ii. 298. 303
Musk, ii. 359
Myrrh, ii. 188
N.
Naphtha, i. 357. ii. 240
Negative electricity, i. 25. 161. 185
Nerves, ii. 279. 298. 308
Neutral, or compound salts, i. 333. ii. 4. 22. 69
Nickel, i. 13. 343
Nitre, or nitrat of potash, or saltpetre, ii. 32. 104. 116
Nitric acid, ii. 100
Nitrogen, or azot, i. 181. ii. 100
---- gas, i. 182. 211
Nitro-muriatic acid, or aqua regia, ii. 144
Nitrous acid gas, ii. 101. 106
---- air, or nitrit oxyd gas, ii. 107
Nitrats, ii. 116
Nitrat of copper, ii. 5
---- ammonia, ii. 113. 118
---- potash, or nitre, or saltpetre, ii. 32. 104. 116
---- silver, or lunar caustic, ii. 19
Nomenclature of acids, i. 264. ii. 69
---- compound salts, ii. 4. 22
---- other binary compounds, i. 278
Nut-galls, ii. 98. 199
Nut-oil, ii. 178
Nutrition, ii. 297
O
Ochres, i. 320
Oils, i. 285. ii. 306
Oil of amber, ii. 241
---- vitriol, or sulphuric acid, ii. 80
Olive oil, ii. 178
Ores, i. 315
Organized bodies, ii. 159
Organs of animals, ii. 290. 310
---- vegetables, ii. 159. 265. 271
Osmium, i. 14. 348
Oxalic acid, ii. 74. 197
Oxyds, i. 198
Oxyd of manganese, i. 117. 317
---- iron, i. 204. 319
---- lead, i. 319
---- sulphur, ii. 91
Oxydation, or oxygenation, i. 196
Oxygen, i. 11. 181. 201. 211
---- gas, or vital air, i. 182. 201
Oxy-muriatic acid, ii. 140
Oxy-muriats, ii. 153
Oxy-muriat of potash, ii. 155
P
Palladium, i. 13. 348
Papin’s digester, i. 120. ii. 284
Parenchyma, ii. 256. 266
Particles, i. 16
Pearlash, ii. 24
Peat, ii. 242
Peculiar juice of plants, ii. 268
Perfect metals, i. 14. 324
Perfumes, i. 308. ii. 183
Perspiration, ii. 333. 329
Petrification, ii. 237
Pewter, i. 344
Pharmacy, i. 14
Phosphat of lime, ii. 99. 299
Phosphorated hydrogen gas, i. 277
Phosphorescence, i. 29
Phosphoric acid, i. 273. ii. 99
Phosphorous acid, i. 274. ii. 99
Phosphorus, i. 270
Phosphoret of lime, i. 278. 341
---- sulphur, i. 279. 341
Pitch, ii. 187
Plaster, ii. 65
Platina, i. 14. 323
Plating, i. 345
Plumbago, or black lead, i. 304
Plumula, ii. 257
Porcelain, ii. 56
Positive electricity, i. 25. 161. 185
Potassium, i. 13. 357. ii. 15
Pottery, ii. 56
Potash, i. 356. ii. 22
Precipitate, i. 22
Pressure of the atmosphere, i. 112. 116
Printer’s ink, ii. 144
Prussiat of iron, or prussian blue, ii. 291
---- potash, ii. 291
Prussic acid, ii. 75. 290
Putrid fermentation, ii. 235. 360
Pyrites, i. 341. ii. 97
Pyrometer, i. 38. 42
Q
Quick lime, ii. 59
Quiescent forces, ii. 12
R
Radiation of caloric, i. 52
----, Prevost’s theory, i. 52
----, Pictet’s explanations, i. 54
----, Leslie’s illustrations, i. 61
Radicals, ii. 5. 69
Radicle; or root, ii. 257
Rain, i. 104
Rancidity, ii. 182
Rectification, ii. 223
Reflexion of caloric, i. 54. 64
Reptiles, ii. 349
Resins, ii. 165, 186. 266
Respiration, ii. 317. 326
Reviving of metals, i. 327
Rhodium, i. 14. 348
Roasting metals, i. 316
Rock crystal, ii. 61
Ruby, ii. 53
Rum, ii. 219
Rust, i. 318. 328
S
Saccharine fermentation, ii. 208
Sal ammoniac, or muriat of ammonia, ii. 35
---- polychrest, or sulphat of potash, ii. 91
---- volatile, or carbonat of ammonia, ii. 41
Salifiable bases, ii. 5
Salifying principles, ii. 5
Saltpetre, or nitre, or nitrat of potash, ii. 32. 104. 116
Salt, ii. 91
Sand, ii. 30. 51
Sandstone, ii. 51
Sap of plants, ii. 165. 260. 262. 270. 272
Sapphire, ii. 58
Saturation, i. 101.
Sapphire, ii. 58
Saturation, i. 101
Seas, temperature of, i. 33.
Sebacic acid, ii. 75. 182. 290. 353
Secretions, ii. 307
Seeds of plants, ii. 210. 271
Seltzer water, i. 289. ii. 63. 129
Senses, ii. 310
Silex, or silica, ii. 30. 51
Silicium, i. 13.
Silk, ii. 359
Silver, i. 321
Simple bodies, i. 10. 12
Size, ii. 281
Skin, ii. 279. 310. 193
Slakeing of lime, i. 147. ii. 56
Slate, ii. 51. 66
Smelting metals, i. 316
Smoke i. 208
Soap, ii. 24
Soda, i. 363. ii. 33
---- water, i. 299
Sodium, i. 13. 363
Soils, i. 42. ii. 245
Soldering, i. 345
Solubility, ii. 92
Solution, i. 96
---- by the air, i. 102
---- of potash, ii. 28
Specific heat, i. 126
Spermaceti, ii. 358
Spirits, ii. 313
Steam, i. 140. 182
Steel, i. 305
Stomach, ii. 315
Stones, ii. 46
Stucco, ii. 65
Strontites, ii. 44. 68
Strontium, i. 13
Suberic acid, ii. 74. 197
Sublimation, i. 257
Succin, or yellow amber, ii. 241
Succinic acid, ii. 74. 197. 241
Sugar, ii. 165. 174. 208
---- of milk, ii. 355
Sulphats, ii. 5. 91
Super oxygenated sulphuric acid, ii. 70.
Sulphat of alumine, or alum, ii. 54. 95
---- barytes, ii. 58
---- iron, ii. 96
---- lime, or gypsum, or plaster of Paris, ii. 95
---- magnesia, or Epsom salt, ii. 67. 95
---- potash, or sal polychrest, ii. 91
---- soda, or Glauber’s salts, ii. 92
Sulphur, i. 256
---- flowers of, i. 257
Sulphurated hydrogen gas, i. 165. 268
Sulphurets, i. 341
Sulphurous acid, i. 254. ii. 88
Sulphuric acid, i. 74. ii. 265
Sympathetic ink, i. 354
Synthesis, i. 287
T
Tan, ii. 192
Tannin, ii. 165. 192
Tar, ii. 187
Tartarous acid, ii. 74. 197
Tartrit of potash, ii. 222
Teeth, ii. 300
Tellurium, i. 14
Temperature, i. 33
Thaw, i. 158
Thermometers, i. 40
----, Fahrenheit’s, i. 42
----, Reaumur’s, i. 42
----, Centigrade, i. 43
----, air, i. 44
----, differential, i. 46
Thunder, i. 248
Tin, i. 14. 344
Titanium, i. 14. 348
Turf, ii. 242
Turpentine, ii. 187
Transpiration of plants, ii. 260
Tungsten, i. 14. 340
V
Vapour, i. 36. 49. 93. 182
Vaporisation, i. 103
Varnishes, ii. 187
Vegetables, ii. 158
Vegetable acid, i. 310. ii. 74. 197
---- colours, ii. 190
---- heat, ii. 272
---- oils, ii. 177
Veins, ii. 304. 323.
Venous blood, ii. 305. 326. 338
Ventricles, ii. 324
Verdigris, i. 352
Vessels, ii. 304
Vinegar, ii. 232
Vinous fermentation, ii. 212
Vital air, or oxygen gas, i. 182
Vitriol, or sulphat of iron, ii. 81
Volatile oils, i. 307. ii. 165. 183. 224. 269
---- products of combustion, i. 207
---- alkali, i. 363. ii. 20. 35
Voltaic battery, i. 164. 220. 356. ii. 15
U
Uranium, i. 14
W
Water, i. 215. ii. 262
----, decomposition of, by electricity, i. 200. 225
----, condensation of, i. 32
---- of the sea, i. 86
----, boiling, i. 93
----, solution by, i. 96
---- of crystallisation, i. 339
Wax, i. 309. ii. 180. 358
Whey, ii. 351
Wine, ii. 212
Wood, ii. 267
Woody fibre, ii. 156. 196. 267
Wool, ii. 300
Y
Yeast, ii. 234.
Yttria, ii. 44.
Yttrium, i. 13.
Z
Zinc, ii. 14. 344
Zirconia, ii. 44
Zirconium, i. 14
Zoonic acid, ii. 75. 220
END.
Printed by A. Strahan,
Printers-Street, London
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Terminology
oxy-muriatic acid = chlorine
(proposed as an element in 1815: see Conversation XIX)
“columbium or tantalium” = niobium and tantalum
(the two elements always occur together, and were not recognized
as separate until much later in the 19th century)
phosphat of lime = calcium diphosphate _or_ calcium
(the element calcium was isolated in 1808, but is named only once
in this 1817 edition)
glucium = beryllium (Humphry Davy’s name for the element)