[14] _Life and Teachings of Mohamed_ p. 226 Prof. Hirschfeld p. 14.
[15] Gibbon, Bury’s Ed. Vol. V. p. 339.
[16] Goldziher, _Muhammedanische Studien_. Vol. I. The chapter on
Muruwwa und Din; Nicholson, _Literary History of the Arabs_ pp.
177-179; Browne _Literary History of Persia_ pp. 189 et Seq.
[17] _Life and Teachings of Mohamed_ p. 263.
[18] Margoliouth _Life of Mohamed_ p. 102.
[19] Ibn Sad, Vol. IV. Part I. p. 159.
[20] In Lane’s _Arabian Society in the Middle Ages_ the reader will
find a detailed account of religious institutions of Islam pp. 1-24.
[21] Vol. I. p. 10.
[22] Surah. II. 3, 43, 83, 110, 177, 277, etc.
[23] Von Kremer, Vol. I. p. 50.
[24] Lane, _Arabian Society_ p. 14.