VII. Tolus ka gomanan. Patron of the smiths.

VIII. Baitpandi. A female spirit who taught the women to weave, and who

now presides over the looms and the weavers.

IX. and X. Toglai, also called Si Niladan and Maniladan, and his wife

Toglibon. The first man and woman to live on the earth. They gave to the

people their language and customs. After their death they became

spirits, and are now responsible for all marriages and births. By some

people Toglai is believed to be one of the judges over the shades of the

dead, while in Bansalan he is identified with Eugpamolak Manobo.

XI. Tigyama. A class of spirits, one of whom looks after each family.

When children marry, the _tigyama_ of the two families unite to form one

who thereafter guards the couple. While usually well disposed they are

capable of killing those who fail to show them respect, or who violate

the rules governing family life.

The Wild Tribes of Davao District, Mindanao The R. F. Cummings Philippine Expedition · 第 64 / 128 题