INTRODUCES THE READER TO THE PIRATE CITY, AND TO A FEW OF ITS
PECULIARITIES AND PRACTICES.
Permit us now, good reader, to introduce you to the top of a house in
Algiers. The roofs of the houses in the Pirate City are flat--a most
admirable Eastern peculiarity which cannot be too strongly recommended
to Western builders. They are, therefore, available as pleasant
"terraces," on which you may rise above your cares, to lounge, and
smoke--if afflicted with the latter mania--and sip coffee with your
wife, (wives, if you be a Turk), or romp with your children--if not too
dignified--or cultivate flowers, or read in a state of elevated
serenity, or admire the magnificent view of the blue bay, backed by the
bluer Jurjura mountains, with the snow-topped range of the Lesser Atlas
beyond. How much wiser thus to utilise one's house-top than to yield it
up, rent-free, to cats and sparrows!
Achmet Pasha, the Dey of Algiers at this time, or rather the
pirate-king, had a thorough appreciation of the roof of his palace, and
spent many hours daily on it, in consultation with his ministers, or in
converse with his wives.
As deys went, Achmet was a comparatively respectable man. He thought no
more of cutting off a human head than of docking a rat's tail; but then
he did not take a particular pleasure in this employment, and was not
naturally cruel, which is more than could be said of many of his
predecessors. He was also said to be a kind husband and a fond father,
but as no one, save the wives and children in question, knew anything of
the inner and private life of the palace, this must for ever remain a
matter of uncertainty. There was no doubt, however, that he was a tall,
handsome, dignified man, in the prime of life, with a stern eye and a
pleasant expression of mouth; that, in character, he was bold and
resolute; and that, in his jewelled turban, gold-incrusted vestments,
and flowing Eastern robes, he looked resplendent.
Courage and resolution were, indeed, qualities without which a Dey of
Algiers could scarcely come into existence, because his high position,
not being hereditary, was naturally the ambitious goal of all the bold
spirits in the Turkish army of janissaries which held the city, with its
mixed Arab population, in subjection. The most common mode of a change
of government was the strangulation of the reigning Dey by the man who
had power and party influence sufficient to enable him to ascend the
vacant throne. Sometimes the throne thus obtained was held for only a
few days, or even hours, when it chanced that there were several
factions of pretty equal power, and two or three men of similar vigour
in the army. It is a fact that on more than one occasion three Deys
have ascended and sat upon this undesirable throne within twenty-four
hours, each having been strangled or having had his head cut off by "the
opposition" soon after occupying his predecessor's warm seat!
Achmet, however, had reigned for a considerable period in peace, and was
on the whole a popular ruler.
At the time when we introduce him he was pacing the terrace, or roof of
the palace, with slow dignified steps, but with a troubled expression of
countenance. His chief adviser, Sidi Omar, the Minister of Marine, and
one of the most unscrupulous and cunning men in the nest, walked beside
him. They were attended and followed by a young but nearly full-grown
lion. It was a common thing for the Deys and his chief officers to keep
lion-pups as pets, but as a rule these were chained up on becoming too
large to be safe playthings. Achmet, however, being of a bold, reckless
nature, seemed to enjoy the occasional symptoms of alarm betrayed by his
attendants at sight of his overgrown pup, and kept it by him until, as
we have said, it was nearly full-grown. He appeared to have no idea of
personal danger. Possibly he did not believe the huge playful brute to
be capable of mischief. Perhaps he felt confident in the keen edge of
his Damascene scimitar, and in the power of his arm to lop off even
leonine heads. Whatever may have been the truth on this point, his ease
and indifference were evidently not shared by Sidi Omar.
That sly individual was a strong-bodied, middle-aged Turk of commanding
presence but sinister countenance, which latter was damaged by the loss
of an eye and a sabre-cut across the nose.
"I have been asked," said Omar, continuing a conversation which had
already lasted some time, "to beg that your highness will grant an
audience to the Spanish consul; he claims as countrywomen the two ladies
who have been just brought in by Sidi Hassan, but I advise that you
should refuse him."
"Why so?" asked Achmet.
"Because, although there is, I believe, some ground for his claim, the
investigation of the question will only occasion useless trouble, as he
is unable to prove his case."
"Nay, then, your last reason seems to me in favour of granting an
audience," returned the Dey, "for if his plea be insufficient I shall
thus appear to be desirous of furthering justice without suffering loss.
It is always wise to act with urbanity when it costs one nothing."
Achmet smiled, and a gleam of mischievous fun twinkled in his eyes as he
observed his minister cast a furtive glance, suggestive of anything but
urbanity, at the lion, which had playfully brushed its tail against his
leg in passing.
"Your highness's judgment is always just," returned Sidi Omar; "and were
we desirous of maintaining peace with Spain at present, it would be
right to propitiate their consul; but, as you are aware, the treaties
which we have recently formed with various nations are not to our
advantage. The peace recently forced upon us by America has stopped
suddenly the annual flow of a very considerable amount of tribute, (see
Note 1), and the constant efforts made by that nation of ill-favoured
dogs, the British, to bring about peace between us and Portugal will, I
fear, soon dry up another source of revenue, if things go on as they
have been doing of late, it is plain to me that we shall soon be at
peace with all the world, and be under the necessity of turning our
hands to farming or some such work for a livelihood!"
"Fear not, Sidi Omar," replied the Dey, with a short laugh, "this fair
and ancient city has lived too long by war to be capable of
condescending now to arts of peace. We shall have no difficulty in
picking a quarrel with any nation that seems most desirable when our
coffers begin to grow empty--in regard to which, let us be thankful,
they show no signs at present. But have a care, Omar, how you speak
disrespectfully of the British. They are apt, like their representative
at your heels, to spring when you least expect it, and they have
powerful claws and teeth. Besides, they are my very good friends, and
some of their statesmen have a great regard for me. Being at war, as
you know, with some of the most powerful European nations just now, they
know that I do them good service in the Mediterranean by rendering trade
difficult and hazardous to all except those with whom I am at peace.
Spain being on friendly terms with us at present, I will receive the
Spanish consul. Go, let him know my pleasure, and see that thou hast my
scrivano instilled with all requisite information to refute him."
Sidi Omar bowed low, and retired without venturing a reply. At the same
time a man of curious aspect stepped from the doorway which conducted
from the terrace to the lower parts of the house. His Eastern costume
was almost equal to that of the Dey in magnificence, but there was a
tinselly look about the embroidery, and a glassy sheen in the jewels,
which, added to the humorous and undignified cast of his countenance,
bespoke him one of low degree. He was the Dey's story-teller, and
filled much the same office at the palace that was held by court jesters
in the olden time. The presence of some such individual in Achmet's
court, even in the first quarter of the present century, was rendered
necessary by the fact that the Dey himself had risen from the ranks, and
was an illiterate man.
Advancing towards his master with a freedom that no other domestic of
the palace would have dared to assume, he, with affected solemnity,
demanded an audience.
"I cannot refuse it, Hadji Baba, seeing that thou dost swagger into my
presence unbidden," said Achmet, with a smile, as he sat down in the
usual oriental fashion--cross-legged on a low couch--and patted the head
of the noble animal which he had chosen as his companion, and which
appeared to regard him with the affection of a dog--
"What may be your news?"
"I have no news," replied Baba, with humility. "News cannot be conveyed
to one who knows all things, by one who is a dog and knows nothing."
"Thou knowest at all events how to look well after that which concerns
thyself," replied the Dey. "What hast thou to say to me?"
"That the man with the proboscis, who struts when he walks, and snivels
when he speaks, desires a favour of your highness."
"Speak not in riddles," returned the Dey sharply. "I have no time to
waste with thee to-day. Say thy say and be gone."
Hadji Baba, who was indeed thoroughly alive to his own interest, was
much too prudent to thwart the humour of his master. Briefly, though
without changing his tone or manner, he informed him that the Spanish
consul awaited his pleasure below.
"Let him wait," said the Dey, resuming the pipe which for some minutes
he had laid aside, and caressing the lion's head with the other hand.
"May I venture to say that he seems anxious?" added the story-teller.
"How much did he give thee for thus venturing to interrupt me, at the
risk of thy head?" demanded the Dey sternly.
"Truly," replied the jester, with a rueful air, "not much more than
would buy gold thread to sew my head on again, were your highness
pleased to honour me by cutting it off."
"Be gone, caitiff," said the Dey, with a slight smile.
Baba vanished without further reply.
Meanwhile Sidi Omar left the palace and directed his steps to his own
quarters, which stood on the little fortified island in front of
Algiers. This islet, having been connected with the mainland by a pier
or neck of masonry about a hundred yards long, formed the insignificant
harbour which gave shelter to the navy of small craft owned by the
pirates. At the present day the French have constructed there a
magnificent harbour, of which that now referred to is a mere corner in
the vicinity of the old light-house. Although small, the port was well
fortified, and as the Minister of Marine descended towards it, his eye
glanced with approval over the double and treble tiers of guns which
frowned from its seaward battlements. In passing over the connecting
pier, Sidi Omar paused to observe a gang of slaves at work repairing
some of the buildings which covered the pier stretching from the
mainland to the island.
Although slaves, they were not of the black colour or thick-lipped,
flat-nosed aspect which we are apt to associate with the name of slave.
They were, indeed, burnt to the deepest brown, and many of them also
blistered, by the sun, but they were all "white men," and contemptuously
styled, by their Mohammedan task-masters, Christians. The pier on which
they wrought had been constructed long before by thirty thousand such
slaves; and the Algerine pirates, for above three centuries previous to
that, had expended the lives of hundreds of thousands of them in the
building of their fortifications and other public works; in the
cultivation of their fields and gardens, and in the labours of their
domestic drudgery.
Some of the slaves thus observed by the Minister of Marine had been
sailors and merchants and mechanics, military and naval officers,
clerks, scholars, and other gentlefolks from Italy, Portugal, America,
and all the lands which chanced to be "at war" with his highness the
Dey. Formerly there had been hosts of English, French, Spanish,
etcetera, but their governments having bowed their heads, opened their
purses, and sent consuls to the piratical city, they were now graciously
exempted from thraldom. It was hardish work for men accustomed to
cooler climates to be obliged, in the sunshine of an African summer, to
harness themselves to carts like oxen, and lift huge stones and hods of
mortar with little more than a ragged shirt and trousers to cover them
from the furnace-heat of day or the dews of night. Men who carry
umbrellas and wear puggeries now-a-days on the Boulevard de la
Republique of Algiers have but a faint conception of what some of their
forefathers endured down at the "Marina" not much more than fifty years
ago, and of what they themselves could endure, perhaps, if fairly tried!
It must not be supposed, however, that all the slaves stood the trial
equally well. Some were old, others were young; some were feeble,
others strong; all were more or less worn--some terribly so.
Yonder old man carrying the block of stone which might tax the energies
of a stout youth, and to whom a taskmaster has just administered a cut
with the driving-whip, looks like one who has seen better days. Even in
his ragged shirt, broken-brimmed straw hat, and naked feet, he looks
like a gentleman. So he is; and there is a gentle lady and a stout son,
and two sweet daughters, in Naples, who are toiling almost as hard as he
does--if hours be allowed to count for pains--in order to make up his
ransom. The strong bull-necked man that follows him with a hod of
mortar is an unmistakable seaman of one of the Mediterranean ports. He
is a desperate character, and in other lands might be dangerous; but he
is safe enough here, for the bastinado is a terrible instrument of
torture, and the man is now not only desperate in wrath, but is
sometimes desperately frightened. His driver takes a fiendish pleasure
in giving him an extra cut of the whip, just to make him apparently a
willing horse, whether he will or not. The poor youth beside him is a
very different character. His training has been more gentle, and his
constitution less robust, for he has broken down under the cruel toil,
and is evidently in the last stages of consumption. The taskmaster does
not now interfere with him as he was wont to do when he first arrived.
He knows that the day is not far distant when neither the bastinado nor
any other species of torture will have power to force work out of him.
He also knows that overdriving will only shorten the days of his
usefulness; he therefore wisely lets him stagger by unmolested, with his
light load.
But why go on enumerating the sorrows of these slaves? Sidi Omar looked
at them with a careless glance, until he suddenly caught sight of
something that caused his eyes to flash and his brows to contract. A
sbirro, or officer of justice, stood near him, whether by chance or
otherwise we know not. Touching the sbirro on the shoulder, he pointed
to a group under the shade of an archway, and said in a low tone--
"Go, fetch hither that scoundrel Blindi."
The sbirro at once stepped towards the group, which consisted of two
persons. One was an old, apparently dying, slave; the other was a
strong middle-aged man, in a quaint blue gown, who knelt by his side,
and poured something from a flask into his mouth.