ABSCESSES OF THE EAR.
(_Haematoma_)
CAUSE.—Irritations or injuries to the ear. Washing dogs with irritating
soap and not properly drying them causes dogs to have an itchy sensation
which they constantly aggravate by scratching the ear with the paw and
shaking the head and flopping the ears violently, resulting in this
disease.
SYMPTOMS.—The dog will be noticed carrying the head to one side and
shaking it frequently in a violent manner. It will also scratch the
ear with the paw involuntarily. When the inner surface of the ear is
carefully examined it will be found extremely swollen and have an
abnormal appearance, will be stiff and extend out from the head. Great
heat and pain will be evinced when pressure is applied. The puffy
swelling inside the ear will contain a serous fluid which is very
offensive in odor.
TREATMENT.—With a clean, sharp knife open the abscess and allow the
bloody fluid to escape. Then dress the wound twice a day with clean
cotton and a solution made from Tincture of Iodine, one dram, to one-half
ounce of water. To prevent the dog from scratching and flopping the ears,
which would cause further irritation, bind the ears to the head by means
of a bandage or hood. Feed clean, wholesome, laxative food and compel him
to exercise, as good physical condition and clean surroundings assist
materially in healing wounds of the flesh.
APOPLEXY
(_Congestion of the Brain_)
CAUSE.—Congestion or rupture of the blood vessels of the brain, which
causes a sudden arrest of sense and motion, the dog lying as if in a
deep sleep. It seldom attacks young, but occurs frequently in fat dogs,
especially if aged and not accustomed to exercise.
SYMPTOMS.—They are very hard to detect, as the dog generally becomes
unconscious before any violent symptoms are noticed, but there is
generally unsteadiness in the walk, dizziness, deafness, blindness,
constipation, etc., preceding an attack, but only a careful observer will
notice them.
TREATMENT.—As this is a very dangerous disease, no time should be
lost. The first thing is to relieve the head from the accumulation of
blood to prevent further congestion and avoid inflammatory action. To
accomplish this place the head well up and apply cold to the head by
means of pounded ice in a cloth bag. Loosen the collar around the neck
and apply hot packs to the feet to induce the flow of blood to the lower
extremities. Also give a physic consisting of one to two grains of
Calomel. After the dog recovers from the fit great care will be required
to prevent a second attack. The diet should be light and nutritious.
Always avoid feeding too large a quantity at one time, to prevent
overloading of the stomach. Also avoid excitement or excessive exercise
on a hot day. A cathartic as Calomel should be administered when a dog
shows any signs of constipation.
ASTHMA
CAUSE.—In some instances I believe it is hereditary, although in others
no influence of this nature can be discovered. This affection frequently
follows organic diseases of the chest. The spasms of difficult breathing
may be directly due to irritants inspired into the lungs, such as smoke,
gas, or dust and cold air containing infectious matter. Overfeeding
frequently produces this condition, as an abnormal distention of the
stomach presses against the lungs and causes them to become inactive
and spasmodic contraction of the muscular fibers of the bronchial tubes
follows. Dogs with narrow chest cavities are predisposed to asthma, which
condition is hereditary.
SYMPTOMS.—This disease is attended with difficulty of breathing and
a sensation of constriction of the chest, giving rise to wheezing,
coughing and general nervousness. The animal becomes emaciated, the hair
has a rough, faded appearance, although it will continue to eat well.
Constipation is generally associated with this disease.
TREATMENT.—Place the animal in clean, comfortable surroundings, exercise
carefully as violent exercise would tend to aggravate the disease. Feed
sparingly on nitrogenous food that is easily digested; also administer
Fowler’s Solution of Arsenic, four drops, twice daily. This can be
placed on the food, as the dog will take it readily. If the bowels are
constipated, give one to two tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil. Good care and
careful feeding play a very important part in the treatment of asthma.
BARRENNESS
CAUSE.—Either the extreme of overfeeding and insufficient exercise or of
overworking and insufficient supply of food. Contraction of the neck of
the womb or atrophy of the ovaries may produce barrenness. There are also
other conditions that produce failure to breed, such as inflammation or
growths in the womb or ovaries, leucorrhea, etc.
SYMPTOMS.—If due to Leucorrhea there will be a white, glary discharge
from the vagina, which looks like curdled milk. It sometimes accumulates
in the uterus and comes away in large quantities and there is a fetid
smell. The animal generally becomes debilitated. In other cases, where
there is a contraction of the womb or atrophy of the ovaries, no abnormal
conditions will be noticed except that the animal fails to conceive when
bred.
TREATMENT.—Use both local and constitutional treatment. Feed sparingly on
nitrogenous food that is easily digested. Allow to exercise moderately
and the bitch may become fertile, if no morbid conditions are present.
If the animal is constipated administer one to two ounces of Castor Oil
and if in a run-down, debilitated condition give Pulv. Nux Vomica, Pulv.
Ginger Root, Pulv. Ferri Sulphate, each one dram. Make into thirty-two
capsules and give one capsule three times daily.
BRONCHITIS
CAUSE.—Sudden change of temperature, etc., choking, drenching,
inhalations of irritating material as certain vapors, dust, etc.,
containing infectious material; accumulations of gas in the stomach
containing particles of food may be regurgitated up into the esophagus
frequently producing bronchitis.
SYMPTOMS.—The chief symptoms consist of fever, hurried breathing with
a sense of tightness about the chest, but not always acute pain. The
cough is severe and dry at first, but later expectoration commences.
The discharge that is raised from the bronchial tubes at first is a
clear, thin mucus, but afterwards it becomes thicker, more abundant and
purulent. It is difficult for persons not accustomed to examining the
chest to always distinguish the disease from pneumonia, if the case is
one of severity. In mild cases the symptoms need not usually occasion
much alarm.
TREATMENT.—This disease may be prevented frequently by giving five to
ten grains of Dover’s Powder as soon as it is discovered that the dog
has taken a cold. It is best given in the evening then placing the dog
in a warm bed; also give some warm stimulants to drink as Tincture of
Capsicum, five to fifteen drops in a teaspoonful of luke warm water. In
the morning, give one to two grains of Calomel. If the above does not cut
the disease short, then keep the dog confined to warm quarters and give
inhalations of steam from hot water and Turpentine. For the cough, which
is usually troublesome, give the following mixture: Potassium Chlorate,
one dram; Liquor Ammonia Acetate, three ounces; Vini Ipecac, two drams;
Tincture of Camph. Co., one-half ounce; Aqua Chloroform, quantity
sufficient to make four ounces. Give one to two teaspoonfuls three or
four times daily. Also feed nutritious food that is easily digested and
permit the animal to have access to pure cold water.
BURNS AND SCALDS
There is considerable difference in the extent of injury from the burns
produced by hot vapors, fluids, etc. In some cases, which are only
superficial, there will be slight inflammation or redness produced, while
in others the burn may be of severity and cause the death of the skin,
followed by sloughing.
TREATMENT.—For Burns and Scalds of ordinary severity, I have derived
excellent results from equal parts of Raw Linseed Oil and Lime Water, as
it removes the soreness and restores the part to its normal condition.
In cases where the skin is sloughed off, in addition to the above
recommended, dust with Boracic Acid, two ounces; Corn Starch, two ounces;
Tannic Acid, one-half ounce; Iodoform, two drams. Mix and powder finely.
Place in sifter top can and apply two or three times daily to the moist,
sloughing surface.
CANKER OF THE EAR
CAUSE.—Filth and dust, especially in long-eared hunting dogs, as the
inner surface of the ear becomes dirty and damp from wading streams and
running through tall, wet grass. This condition is not serious at first,
but it will irritate the dog so as to cause him to shake his head and
scratch the ear with his paw. Permit no filth to enter the ear as this
will assist to develop a Canker, which becomes very painful.
SYMPTOMS.—The dog shakes the head violently and scratches the ears with
the paw and even howls from the severe pain produced. The ears will
be moist and have a poked-out appearance, due to the swelling. As the
disease progresses, there will be a very disagreeable discharge from
the ear that can be very easily detected some distance from the animal.
Ulceration eventually follows, affecting the internal structure of the
ear, which condition is very difficult to treat.
TREATMENT.—Remove the cause, if possible. Then inject ten to fifteen
drops of the following solution: Mild Chloride of Mercury, fifteen
grains; Lime Water, four ounces. Shake well and apply to the ear as above
mentioned two to three times a day. Place a small piece of cotton in the
ear after each injection. Also place a hood over the ears or bandage them
down with a cloth.
CATARRH
(_Cold in the Head_)
CAUSE.—The most common, perhaps, is exposure, especially after a dog has
been used to warm closed quarters. Dogs used for hunting purposes, when
in a poor condition, with their system weakened, are often victims of
Catarrh.
SYMPTOMS.—Slight dullness. May not take food very well, hair standing
to some extent, pulse not much affected, throat becomes sore. After the
congestion passes off, exudation takes place, followed by discharge and
it may be very profuse, but it need not alarm you. There is generally
impaired secretion of urine, but breathing not much affected in most
cases. We also have a discharge from the nose in other diseases, such as
Distemper, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, etc.
TREATMENT.—The treatment should be constitutional as well as local. Place
the animal in clean, well-ventilated quarters; feed good nourishing food,
which is quite important. The following prescription is very beneficial
in suppressing the secretion from the nostrils: Ferri Hypophosphitis,
five grains; Quinine Sulphate, three grains; Pulv. Nux Vomica, two drams;
Arsenous Acid, one-half grain. Make into twelve capsules and give one
capsule two or three times a day. Give inhalations of steam from hot
water and Oil of Eucalyptus for one-half hour twice daily. Permit the
dog to exercise if the weather is favorable. If constipated give rectal
injections and feed laxative food. Avoid giving physics in Catarrh,
especially if there is fever present.
CHOREA
(_St. Vitus Dance_)
CAUSE.—Due to an irritation of the nervous system. It is especially
associated with debility, although it may follow constitutional diseases,
such as Distemper, etc. It is sometimes caused by a direct injury to the
brain or spinal cord.
SYMPTOMS.—A continuous twitching of the muscles which is noticeable even
though the animal sleeps. The muscles of the head may be affected, or
those of one or both fore limbs or of a hind limb. An animal affected
with Chorea will show an unsteady gait when walking and usually becomes
very poor, although it will have a very good appetite at all times.
TREATMENT.—In severe cases the dog will not, as a rule, respond to
treatment. In milder cases, if taken in hand early, improvement may be
brought about, but seldom a complete recovery. Many drugs have been
tried in the treatment of Chorea, but the superiority of one medicine
over another has not been practically demonstrated. Fowler’s Solution of
Arsenic given in from two to eight drop doses has been tried in a large
number of cases and in my experience it has given the best results. The
drug should be given at first in small doses and gradually increased as
tolerance is established. If the physiological action of the Arsenic
becomes manifested it should be discontinued for a few days. In severe
cases, Sedatives are indicated. Of these, either Bromide of Potassi or
Sodii should be given in ten to twenty grain doses, prepared in gelatin
capsules and administered three or four times a day. Attention to the
digestive organs and to the diet is necessary during the treatment. If
the dog is constipated one or two tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil should be
administered. Feed nitrogenous food that is easily digested and provide
comfortable sleeping quarters.
COLIC
CAUSE.—Worms, indigestible or decomposed irritating food, compaction or
obstruction, calculus, strictures of the intestines or it may be due to
liver complication and animals swallowing sharp bones, etc. Several forms
of poisoning may produce Colic.
SYMPTOMS.—The dog evinces severe abdominal pain, usually with
constipation and often vomiting. As a rule, there is no fever or
quickness of the pulse. The pain, which is spasmodic, is relieved on
pressure as the dog prefers to lie on his abdomen in many instances. The
dog frequently eats green grass as this causes him to vomit, which is
nature’s method of relieving the digestive tract of irritating material.
TREATMENT.—In cases which are not very severe, the application of hot
cloths to the abdomen frequently affords relief. Ginger, ten to twenty
grains, dissolved in a teaspoonful of water may relieve a mild attack,
but when the above treatment fails the following is recommended: Fluid
Extract of Cannabis Indica, one dram; Chloroform, one dram; Tincture
of Capsicum, ten drops; Oil of Peppermint, ten drops; Morphine, three
grains; water, quantity sufficient to make one fluid ounce. Give ten to
fifteen drops every hour, if necessary. A physic is indicated in the
majority of cases of Colic for the purpose of removing irritants or
obstructions from the intestines. Calomel, one to two grains, is a very
efficient drug, while Castor Oil is given with great difficulty and it
should be administered only where diarrhoea is a complication of Colic.
Rectal injections of warm water is very beneficial in the treatment of
intestinal obstructions. It is good practice to give a dog some vermifuge
after an attack of Colic, as worms frequently produce it.
CONSTIPATION
CAUSE.—Insufficient exercise, overfeeding or feeding decomposed or
irritating foods. Dogs are predisposed to indigestion as they frequently
swallow a large quantity of indigestible food without masticating it.
Poor care and exposure to cold also frequently produce Constipation.
SYMPTOMS.—Constipation is often a complication of other diseases, the
feces is dry-looking and may be more or less covered with a mucus. A
prominent symptom is straining, attempts to defecate, the appetite is
greatly impaired, the dog acts dull and stands with the head down or
goes off to some quiet place and lies down. Protrusion of the rectum
or piles may occur, especially if the animal has eaten freely of dry,
indigestible food. Colicky pains are sometimes manifested. Constipation
occurring from causes other than a complication of diseases seldom takes
on a serious form.
TREATMENT.—When a dog becomes constipated, all dry, indigestible food
should be withheld. A soft, easily digested diet should be fed sparingly
and a liberal supply of water allowed. In some cases it is well to
exercise the dog. A physic of two to four ounces of Castor Oil should
be given, but overdosing with physics avoided. The action of the physic
should be assisted by injecting into the rectum warm, soapy water. Tonics
which assist digestion by stimulating secretions of the bowels, should be
administered, as Ferri Sulphate, one-half dram; Quinine, one-half dram;
Pulv. Nux Vomica, one-half dram; Gentian Root, one dram. Mix and make
into twelve capsules and give one capsule three or four times a day.
The above treatment must be persisted in until the constipated condition
is relieved.
DIARRHOEA AND DYSENTERY
CAUSE.—Among the common causes of Diarrhoea and Dysentery can be
mentioned irritating foods, sudden change in feed, decomposed matter,
irritation from intestinal worms, imperfect mastication of food and its
imperfect preparation for digestion, eating more food than the digestive
organs can well digest, debilitated condition and irritation from
indigestible food. The immediate cause is perhaps the irritated condition
of the mucous membranes lining the intestines and a profuse secretion
from the intestinal glands, nature’s own method of removing poisonous or
infectious matter from the digestive canal.
SYMPTOMS.—Undue amount of liquid feces, the dog weakly and sickly, the
coat staring and perhaps a sort of curdled fluid passes with the feces.
If the fecal matter is tinged with blood, then it is called Dysentery,
and this is more serious than common Diarrhoea. These conditions are
generally associated with other diseases and should be examined very
carefully for complications.
TREATMENT.—Treatment consists of keeping the dog as quiet as possible,
feed sparingly on clean, easily digested food, as raw eggs, etc. It may
be necessary to give a dose of physic, as Castor Oil in two to four
ounce doses which is an excellent remedy for expelling irritants from
the bowels without griping. After the cause or irritant from within the
intestines is removed administer Protan, one-half ounce; Gum Catechu,
one-half ounce; Zinc Sulphocarbolates, two grains. Make into sixteen
capsules and give one capsule every four hours. This dose is prepared
for a dog weighing forty pounds. To larger dogs or puppies give the same
medicine in doses proportionate to their weight.
DISTEMPER
CAUSE.—Is due to a specific bacteria that is developed spontaneously,
although I am of the opinion that insanitary surroundings, as dark, damp,
ill-ventilated quarters play a very active part in its causation as well
as food that is decomposed, contaminated or deficient in nitrogenous
matter, or any condition that has a tendency to weaken the dog’s
constitution.
SYMPTOMS.—The first symptom revealed is a bad cold. The dog chills, the
eyes become inflamed and a thin watery discharge oozes from them as well
as from the nostrils, and, as the disease progresses, this thin watery
discharge takes on a pus-like character, becomes thick, yellow, tinged
with blood, sticky and very offensive in smell. The dog vomits and has a
dry, husky cough, the temperature rises from two to four degrees above
normal, the pulse considerably weakened, breathing hurried and labored
and the dog walks around in a staggering stupor and may even go into
convulsions. There is also a twitching of the muscles in many cases,
as in Chorea, and this disease generally follows Distemper. In other
cases, the dog will lie flat on the side, breathe with great difficulty,
in a half-unconscious manner. This is a very unfavorable symptom, as
lung complications have developed. Constipation or diarrhoea and even
dysentery that is foul in odor may accompany this disease. The dog grows
very poor, weak, the legs, nose and ears grow cold and clammy, and death
follows. When the above described symptoms are present, the dog generally
dies in from two to four days. If he lives through this stage, chances
are that he will develop Chorea and be of practically no value.
TREATMENT.—As this disease runs its course in about eighteen days, good
sanitary surroundings are very beneficial. Pure, fresh air, light, clean
and comfortable place to lie upon are also necessary. Feed albuminous
food, as raw eggs, milk, etc. Beef broth is very beneficial in many
cases; also permit the dog to have free access to pure water at all times.
If vomiting accompanies the disease, the following prescription should be
administered: Diluted Prussic Acid, nine drops; Morphine Hydrochlorate,
ten grains; Bismuth Nitrate, one dram; water, quantity sufficient to
make three ounces. Give one tablespoonful not oftener than six hours.
This should be given a dog weighing forty pounds. Smaller or larger
dogs should receive the same medicine in doses proportionate to their
weight. When constipation is present, give two to four ounces of Castor
Oil. The general medical treatment for Dog Distemper consists of the
following: Quinine Sulphate, two drams; Potassi Nitrate, three drams;
Zinc Sulphocarbolates, two drams. Mix well and make into twenty-four
capsules and give one capsule every two or three hours. This dose
should be proportionately increased in dogs weighing over forty pounds,
or decreased for dogs weighing less than forty pounds. Of course a
difference of five pounds should not be considered. Bathe the nose and
eyes several times daily in a five per cent solution of Boracic Acid.
When complications, as Chorea or Pneumonia develop, use the treatments as
described under their respective headings.
ECZEMA
(_Surfeit_)
CAUSE.—Derangements of the digestive canal, dogs recovering from
distemper, or a bitch after whelping, is predisposed to Eczema. Dogs
exposed to a sudden chilling of the surface of the body, when heated,
frequently develop Surfeit. Sometimes dogs confined to poorly ventilated,
damp kennels develop Eczema, or Surfeit. In fact, any condition that
tends to cause a sluggishness of the circulation produces impure blood,
and eruptions of the skin naturally follow as a result.
SYMPTOMS.—This disease generally affects the neck, back, inside the
thighs, arms and the abdomen. The skin becomes red, painful to the touch,
small pimples form and serum oozes from them. This gradually spreads and
the skin becomes raw and ulcerated. The dog will continue to scratch and
bite himself violently, producing further irritation, if not properly
treated.
TREATMENT.—Internal treatment is just as essential as applications to
the skin. Digestive and blood disorders must be eradicated before the
outer surface of the body will yield to a treatment. Internally, give
Fowler’s Solution of Arsenic, two to eight drops, three times daily in
the food. The drug should be given at first in small doses and gradually
increased as tolerance is established. If the bowels are sluggish, give
one to three grains of Calomel. This will relieve any irritant in the
alimentary canal. Feed food that is easily digested, as vegetables, Cod
Liver Oil, etc. Beef Broth is beneficial, but a heavy meat diet should
be discontinued. To the irritated surface of the skin, the following is
soothing as well as healing: Zinc Oxide, one ounce; Pisis Liquid, one
ounce; Mercurial Ointment, one ounce. Mix and apply sparingly once a day.
Poisons are readily absorbed through the skin, therefore, be very careful
when using powerful antiseptics over a large surface of the body.
EYE INJURIES
(_Conjunctivitis_)
CAUSE.—Direct or indirect injuries, as a blow from a whip, dust, sand or
chaff in the eye, or may be due to extreme cold, or heat, or foul air.
SYMPTOMS.—An inflammation of the superficial structures of the eye,
with a partial or complete closure, and a watery discharge due to the
overstimulation of the lachrymal glands, the fluid being secreted so
abundantly that it is impossible for the tear duct to carry it away,
hence there will be a continuous flow of tears running down the side of
the dog’s face. The formation of a film or a scum over the eyes need not
cause alarm if the eyeball shows no sign of being lacerated or punctured.
TREATMENT.—Examine the eye carefully and remove any foreign body with
a clean cloth or feather, and use a solution made from distilled water
containing three per cent Boric Acid, and apply ten or twelve drops to
the eye by the use of an ordinary eye-dropper. Keep the animal in a
clean, dark room, as it hastens recovery and avoids other serious eye
complications.
FITS
(_Epilepsy_)
CAUSE.—Usually arises from excessive nervous irritation, induced by
disturbances of the stomach and bowels from the presence of worms,
indigestible food, etc., or it may arise occasionally from a hereditary
predisposition, sexual excess, urine irritation, or from other causes
inducing extreme nervousness, irritability, etc. Dogs affected with this
disease are usually troubled with dyspepsia and constipation.
SYMPTOMS.—The leading symptoms of the disease are sudden loss of
consciousness, with spasms of muscles, followed by exhaustion and
drowsiness. After a certain length of time has passed, the attack
returns. About five or ten per cent of the cases give some warning for
a short time before the fits come on, but in most cases the fit comes
on suddenly, the dog whines, and at once falls to the ground senseless
with convulsions. The eyes are partly open, the eyeballs rolling, and
a gnawing of the teeth, foaming at the mouth; the tongue is usually
extended out, and many times badly bitten. The nose is usually cold and
clammy and breathing laborious. The fit usually lasts from a few minutes
to one-half hour, but in some cases continues for longer time.
TREATMENT.—The dog should be placed on a blanket to prevent inhalations
of dust, etc., remove the collar from around the neck, and apply cold
applications of ice to the head. The remedy most to be relied upon is
Bromide of Potassium, and should be given to a dog weighing forty pounds
in doses of twenty grains three times a day. The dose to larger or
smaller dogs should be given in proportion to their weight. If necessary,
the dose may be increased one-third for a short time. Also give Castor
Oil, one to two ounces. To puppies give in proportion to their weight.
Pay strict attention to the organs of digestion, and see that the
nourishment taken is sufficient to nourish the body well, but be careful
not to have an over-amount at one time. Also regulate the feed so as to
always have five or six hours elapse between feeds. It is advisable to
give a vermifuge in all cases of fits, as worms are frequently producers
of the malady.
FRACTURES
(_Bone Fractures_)
CAUSE.—There are several different varieties of fractures, but for
convenience sake I will divide them into four varieties:
1. Simple fracture is one in which a bone is broken and the muscles and
skin are not severely injured.
2. Compound fracture is one in which the sharp ends of the broken bone
penetrate and perhaps pass through the skin. This is considered a rather
severe fracture.
3. Comminuted fracture is one in which a broken bone is badly shattered.
4. Complicated fracture is one in which important articular joints and
large arteries are injured.
Some people imagine that the bones of the dog will not unite as quickly
as the bones of man, but I am of the opinion that they will unite quicker
if the bones are properly placed and the animal kept quiet. I will admit
that fractures are somewhat troublesome to treat in some cases, although
I have seen dogs with severe fractures make good recoveries without any
assistance other than that of nature. In treating a fracture where the
bones penetrate the skin, cut the hair from around the surface and wash
with a five per cent solution of Carbolic Acid. Place the broken bones
in position, wrap the surface with a thin layer of cotton and retain the
bones in position with splints and bandages. Keep the animal as quiet as
possible and feed on soft laxative good. If bowels become constipated,
give two to four ounces of Castor Oil. If severe swelling follows in a
few days, and the dog shows signs of great pain, remove the bandage and
wash clean with an antiseptic. Then place fresh cotton around the part
and bandage the same as before.
GOITER
(_Bronchocele_)
CAUSE.—Generally associated with a debilitated condition of a heavy
pregnant bitch that is poorly fed, and exposed to various temperatures.
The offspring of such a bitch are very often victims of Goiter. When
the puppies are born the mother’s milk lacks sufficient nitrogenous
properties; they are consequently deprived of mineral matter and develop
Goiter. Some writers hold that this is hereditary, because one or more
puppies become affected at the same time. I believe that it is due to
debility, starvation, and what produces it in one dog will produce it in
another. Although full-grown dogs are often victims of Goiters, it is
due to some debilitated condition drawing on their systems. Even though
the dog looks well, and appears to be in good condition, his food may be
deficient in mineral properties.
SYMPTOMS.—Enlargement of the Thyroid bodies of the ductless gland
situated on the under surface of the neck. It may vary from the size
of a pigeon’s egg to the size of a man’s two fists. It is very easily
detected, and does not often interfere with the animal’s breathing unless
it becomes abnormally large and causes pressure on the windpipe, jugular
vein and esophagus. A dog affected with Goiter does not thrive, his hair
looks faded, dusty and rough.
TREATMENT.—Administer Adrenolin twice daily in five to ten grain doses
half an hour before feeding, and two to five grains of Potassium Iodide
two times daily shortly after feeding. The Potassium Iodide should be
discontinued when the skin scales, or when an abnormal watery discharge
from the eyes is present. To the enlargement apply Tincture of Iodine
once a day with a camelhair brush. If the dog has long hair, clip it off
from over the enlargement. Feed the dog on nitrogenous foods, as raw
eggs, Cod Liver Oil, Beef Broth, and also supply him with soft bones to
chew. Where the bowels are constipated, give one to two ounces of Castor
Oil. The above medicines prescribed are prescribed for dogs weighing
forty pounds, and should be increased when given to larger, or decreased
when given to smaller dogs proportionately to their weight. See that the
dog has clean, light and well ventilated quarters to sleep in.
INDIGESTION
(_Dyspepsia_)
CAUSE.—Intestinal worms, indigestible and unnutritious food, foreign
bodies in the stomach, eating too large a quantity or, in many cases,
eating too fast, torpidity of the liver, derangements of the teeth, as
the accumulations of tartar cause the gums to become soft and sore,
resulting in the dog not taking sufficient time to chew food properly;
excessive or inexcessive exercise, or improper attention to the hygienic
surroundings often derange the digestive system.
SYMPTOMS.—The appetite is depraved, the dog eats grass freely, and vomits
often; colicky pains, persistent constipation and bloating, causing the
dog serious inconvenience. He is irritable, dull and evidently out of
sorts; his coat looks faded and feels rough; the temperature and pulse
are not much affected; as a rule the breath is foul, the tongue covered
with a whitish fur, loss of flesh occurs, and paleness of the skin.
TREATMENT.—Good hygiene, careful feeding of nitrogenous foods and regular
exercise plays a very important part in the treatment of indigestion.
First, endeavor to clean out the Alimentary Canal by the careful use of
physics, as Calomel in one to three grain doses. Feed raw eggs, sweet
milk, boiled vegetables, fresh raw beef finely chopped. Also give one
tablespoonful of Cod Liver Oil two or three times a day. I have derived
good results in the treatment of Indigestion by using the following
gastric tonic: Pepsin, two ounces; Syrup of Orange, two ounces; Tincture
of Columbia, five drams; Tincture Nux Vomica, one dram; Tincture Gentian,
one dram; water, quantity sufficient to make six ounces. Mix and give
one or two teaspoonfuls three times daily before feeding. In cases where
there is great difficulty in the dog passing the feces, give rectal
injections of soap and warm water.
JAUNDICE
(_Liver Congestion_)
CAUSE.—A sluggishness of the liver, or by the bile duct becoming
obstructed by a Calculi (Gall Stone). Either condition suppresses the
flow of bile into the bowels, hence the bile is taken up by the blood
and causes the visible mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth to become
yellowish in color. The predisposing causes are improper and overfeeding,
combined with lack of exercise in house dogs, or excessive exercise
in hunting dogs, exposure to damp, ill-ventilated sleeping quarters,
producing debility, and liver complications are likely to follow.
SYMPTOMS.—Appetite varied, thirst great, vomiting occasionally, the dog
shows signs of dullness and sleepiness. Then there may be alternate
diarrhoea and constipation, the tongue coated and foul in smell, the
eyes, mouth, inside of the ears, and the skin inside the thighs and fore
legs become very yellow and dry, temperature and pulse not much affected,
the dog passes small quantities of dark amber colored urine frequently,
due to the bile it contains. In severe cases, the dog loses strength
and flesh readily and soon becomes a mere skeleton. Jaundice is often
a complication of other diseases, as distemper, indigestion, colic,
constipation, etc.
TREATMENT.—Endeavor to make the dog as comfortable as possible by placing
him in quiet, clean, light and well ventilated quarters. If he is in
great pain, apply hot applications over the seat of pain and administer
Calomel, one-half grain; Podophyllin, two grains; Powdered Jalap, one
dram; Powdered Rhubarb, one dram. Make into six capsules and give
one capsule once daily to a dog weighing forty pounds; to smaller or
larger dogs regulate the dose in proportion to their weight. The above
prescription stimulates the flow of bile from the liver into the bowels,
which is very important in the treatment of Jaundice. Tonics are also
necessary, and I have found the following very beneficial in treating
convalescing diseases, especially where the appetite is poor: Pulv.
Ferri Sulphate, one dram; Quinine Sulphate, one dram; Pulv. Nux Vomica,
one dram; Pulv. Gentian Root, two drams. Mix and make into twenty-four
capsules and give one capsule three times daily just before feeding. This
dose should be given to a dog weighing about forty pounds. Smaller or
larger dogs should receive the same medicine in doses proportionate to
their weight. Feed raw eggs, pure sweet milk, fresh beef finely chopped,
cooked vegetables, beef broth, etc. Do not feed too large a quantity at
any one time.
LUNG FEVER
(_Congestion of the Lungs—Pneumonia_)
CAUSE.—Frequently occurs when dogs are accustomed to warm, comfortable
quarters, then exposed to cold, drafty kennels during cold weather.
In fact, any sudden chilling of the body is a common cause of lung
disorders. Giving fat dogs too much exercise when they are not accustomed
to it is frequently the cause of engorgement and inflammation of the soft
spongy tissue of the lungs. Excessive exercise or running during the hot
summer months is apt to cause congestion of the lung tissue as well as
heat stroke. Washing or dipping dogs during cold weather may chill the
outer surface of the body and result in Congestion of the Lungs.
SYMPTOMS.—Lung Fever follows as a result of a bad cold, and is preceded
by the symptoms of the primary disease. If due to severe exercise,
the animal appears greatly exhausted, and the congestion of the lung
substance is marked and may occur at this stage of the disease. Lung
Fever usually begins with a chill, and is followed by a high fever. The
dog lies down most of the time, and eats nothing, or very little. The
breathing is hurried and fast, but when the lung becomes badly involved
it is labored. The character of the pulse beat varies, depending on the
extent of the inflammation and the stage of the disease. In most cases
the pulse beats are full and quick during the first stage, but later,
as the condition of the dog improves, more nearly normal. A very weak
pulse is present in severe and fatal lung inflammation. The visible
mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth have a congested appearance, and
there may be a slight discharge from the nostrils, reddish in color. The
expression of the face is distressed and anxious, and in severe cases,
rigors and chilling of the body occur. The respiratory sounds become
more or less changed from normal. The cough is at first deep and dry,
later loose and moist. It may be accompanied by a hemorrhage of the lungs
during the first stages of the disease. Other respiratory sounds are
revealed by placing the ear to the side of the chest wall and listening.
In the very early stages of lung fever, a crepitating, or crackling
sound can be heard in the diseased parts; and louder sounds than normal
in the healthy areas. Later, when the engorgement of the lung substance
occurs, and the air cells become filled by the inflammatory exudation,
the respiratory sounds are deadened. On returning to the normal, rattling
sounds occur. These signs aid greatly in determining the dog’s condition.
The chance for recovery depends on the extent and acuteness of the
disease. Careless handling, exercise, etc., lessens the chance for a
favorable termination in this disease, and good nursing helps more in
bringing about a recovery than the medical treatment. The chances are
more unfavorable in fat dogs than in lean ones, as the inflammation is
usually more severe in the former. The course of the disease is from one
to three weeks, and it may become chronic if the irritation is kept up.
In such cases, unthriftiness is a prominent sign.
TREATMENT.—Preventive treatment in Lung Fever must not be overlooked.
Briefly, it consists in avoiding such conditions as may predispose the
dog to the disease, or act in any way as an exciting cause. Careful
nursing is a very important part of the treatment. The dog should be
given a clean, comfortable, well ventilated kennel, and kept as quiet as
possible. To keep the bowels from becoming constipated, give one-half
to one ounce of Castor Oil daily. Feed raw eggs, pure fresh milk, beef
broth, etc. In severe cold weather, the dog must not be permitted to
chill or take more cold. Cover him with a blanket, or use artificial
heat. As one attack predisposes a dog to the second, he should be
protected from severe cold, or the other extreme, heat, for a few weeks
after making a complete recovery. It is advisable to apply strong
stimulating liniments over the lungs, as Aqua Ammonia Fort., one ounce;
Oil of Turpentine, one ounce; Sweet Oil, two ounces. Shake well and apply
once daily.
I have found the following prescription very beneficial in the treatment
of Lung Fever, as it regulates the heart action, lowers the temperature
and stimulates the body in general: Tincture Digitalis, one dram;
Tincture Nux Vomica, one dram; Nitrous Ether, two drams; Liq. Ammonia
Acet., four drams; water, quantity sufficient to make four ounces. Give
one teaspoonful every two or three hours.
All drugs prescribed in the above treatment are based on a dog weighing
forty pounds. Larger or smaller dogs should receive the same medicine but
in doses proportionate to their weight.
MAMMITIS
(_Garget, or Inflammation of the Udder_)
CAUSE.—Inflammation of the Udder commonly occurs in heavy milkers, and
is caused by all the milk not being removed. Sometimes it occurs as the
result of the milk accumulating in the udder when the bitch has lost
part of her litter. Other causes are obstructed teats, injuries to the
glandular tissues, and infection from germs. Congestion and inflammation
of the udder frequently follow difficult birth.
TREATMENT.—Milk the bitch three or four times a day. This will usually
relieve the congestion. A physic of Castor Oil, one or two ounces,
should be given and the animal fed on easily digested food, as boiled
vegetables, fresh raw beef finely chopped, pure sweet milk, etc. The
udder should be massaged gently with the fingers, and the following
ointment applied: Gum Camphor, one dram; Fluid Extracts of Belladonna,
one dram; Lanolin, three ounces. Mix and apply two or three times daily.
Fomentations of hot water are beneficial in the majority of cases. If
the appetite is deprived, administer Nitrate of Potash, two drams;
Pulv. Nux Vomica, one dram; Pulv. Gentian Root, one dram. Mix and make
into twenty-four capsules and give one capsule three times daily before
feeding. This dose is based on a dog weighing forty pounds. Smaller or
larger dogs should receive the same medicine, but in doses proportionate
to their weight.
MANGE
CAUSE.—This skin eruption is produced by the Sarcoptes Scabi. There are
two other forms of parasites that produce Mange, but they are so rarely
found that we need not mention them. Insanitary conditions favor their
production. A dog in a poor condition, with a dirty skin, etc., is
more liable to be attacked than dogs in good condition and with clean
skins. It may be communicated in various ways, through kennels, brushes,
collars, etc.
SYMPTOMS.—Are generally very plain. It usually attacks the back, about
the root of the tail, and extends to the head and neck, spreading
quickly. The scabs do not pile up as they do on other large animals,
because the dogs, on account of the intense itching, continually rub
and scratch themselves so that only thin scabs can form. The affected
skin becomes denude of hair, the dog becomes thin, emaciated, etc. The
parasites can be seen with an ordinary magnifying glass, or if the small
scabs be scraped off and placed on a dark paper in the warm sun, you can
readily see small, white objects moving about. Eczema usually attacks the
belly, etc., while true Sarcoptic Mange attacks the back and then spreads.
TREATMENT.—Feed soft, laxative food and give one to two ounces of
Castor Oil; also provide clean, dry sleeping quarters. I have found the
following remedy very successful in the treatment of Mange: Oil of Tar,
one-half ounce; Vinice Turpentine, two ounces; Sublime Sulphur, one
pound; Crude Petrolatum, one quart. Apply once a day. A few applications
are generally sufficient to effect a cure. Great care should be
exercised, as this disease is very contagious, and communicated to other
dogs.
PLEURISY
CAUSE.—The common cause, perhaps, is a sudden chilling of the body; cold,
damp, chilly weather and damp, drafty kennels are favorable conditions
to cause chilling of the body and the rheumatic form of Pleurisy. Germs
may also produce it. It is commonly met with in specific diseases, as
Distemper, etc.
SYMPTOMS.—Chilling and high temperature, two to four degrees above
normal, the dog generally refuses to eat, and acts dull. Pain is a
noticeable sign, and when the sides of the chest are pressed with the
hand the dog will flinch; this is very noticeable during the early stage
of the inflammation, and may cause a dog to act restless. When breathing
the ribs are always held rigid. The breathing movements are mostly in
the muscles of the flanks, the dog getting his breath in short jerks.
Later, when fluids collect in the chest cavity, the breathing is more
labored, and all of the abdominal muscles are used. On absorption of this
fluid, the movements of the lungs may again become jerky in case the
inflammation becomes chronic. The character of the pulse beats varies,
and in some cases is very weak. In the early stage of the disease,
friction sounds, caused by the dry inflamed membranes rubbing against
each other, are detected on placing the ear against the chest walls.
Later, the collection of fluids around the lungs may deaden all lung
sounds, especially towards the lower part of the chest. In a mild case
of Pleurisy, the inflammation is localized to just part of the lungs, or
pleura. A lameness in both front limbs and stiffness in moving about are
the most noticeable signs in this form of disease. In Chronic Pleurisy
a dog is usually very weak and depressed. He is seen frequently lying
on his side, and shows great difficulty in walking. The course of Acute
Pleurisy is from six to eighteen days; the chronic form may run a course
of two or three months, or longer. This form is unsatisfactorily treated,
and the dog eventually dies.
TREATMENT.—Place the dog in clean, warm, comfortable surroundings; fresh
air is very beneficial, but omit any drafts. Internally, administer the
following: Quinine Sulphate, two drams; Potassium Iodide, two drams;
Carbonate of Ammonia, one dram; Potassium Nitrate, four drams. Mix and
make into thirty-two capsules. Give one capsule every three or four
hours. This dose is based on a dog weighing forty pounds; to smaller
or larger dogs give the same medicine, but in doses proportionate to
their weight. Feed the dog raw eggs, pure fresh milk, cooked vegetables,
finely chopped beef or beef broth, and in some cases I believe it is very
beneficial to give the dog small doses of brandy. Over the lungs apply
the following liniment: Aqua Ammonia Fort., one ounce; Oil of Turpentine,
one ounce; Sweet Oil, two ounces. Shake well and apply like a shampoo
once daily.
PILES
(_Prolapse of the Rectum_)
CAUSE.—Overfeeding with too stimulating food, deficiency in exercise,
constipation, causing straining; consequently, Piles frequently follows.
This condition sometimes occurs in weak, debilitated dogs, due to a
relaxed condition of the intestines.
SYMPTOMS.—In some cases only a portion of the rectal mucous membrane
protrudes outside of the anus. In the more severe cases red, bleeding
tumors will be present. After being exposed for a time, it becomes
enormously swollen and dark in color, and finally dries and cracks on
its surface. The protruded part itches intensely, and the dog rubs and
injures the intestine trying to relieve the irritation. Usually the
appetite falls off, and the dog is restless if not relieved.
TREATMENT.—When the dog is constipated, as is usually the case it should
be given a laxative, such as one to three ounces of Castor Oil, and fed
on food that is loosening to the bowels. The protruded rectal mucous
membrane should be washed with warm water containing five per cent
Carbolic Acid until clean; then replace. If badly swollen and inflamed,
astringent wash should be used, made from Water and Powdered Alum five
per cent. The protrusion can be returned by gentle pressure of the
fingers. In case the protruded rectum shows signs of sloughing, it should
be cut off and the cut edges of the rectum stitched to the edges of the
anus.
RABIES
(_Mad Dog_)
CAUSE.—Rabies is produced by a specific micro-organism that is known
to exist in the brain, spinal cord and the saliva of affected animals.
This disease is communicated from one animal to another by inoculation,
usually by the bite of a rabied dog, or the saliva entering a wound or
abrasion. Wild animals, as well as domesticated, no doubt spread the
disease by biting, but it is a fact that dogs are inclined to bite, and
have a good opportunity to attack people, and hence are considered the
principal factor in the spread of the disease.
SYMPTOMS.—Are characterized by two forms of Rabies: Furious and Dumb. In
Furious Rabies, the general habits of the dogs are changed. They become
very restless, excited, and frequently are more affectionate than usual,
licking the hands or face, soliciting sympathy and help. This form of
Rabies is extremely dangerous, for the dog’s tongue is covered with
saliva containing micro-organisms which, coming in contact with thin
skin, wounds or abrasions, may inoculate the person to whom the dog is
attempting to prove its fondness, etc. This form of inoculation is not
uncommon. Usually, the dog becomes dull, melancholy, etc., seeking some
cool, dark and quiet place. The eyes at times are fixed, or are rolled
about, and there is an abundant secretion of saliva, which dribbles from
the mouth. It frequently gnaws wood, especially if tied or locked up,
and makes a desperate effort to get away. It also swallows indigestible
objects, and attempts to bite its master, mistress and animals. Paralysis
soon develops, and the dog has difficulty in swallowing, and is unable to
move about.
DUMB RABIES.—This form of Rabies is accompanied by depression and a
tendency to lick objects. Paralysis of the muscles that close the mouth
causes the jaw to drop or hang down. The dog is unable to bite and, owing
to the relaxed conditions of the mouth, he cannot close it. The tongue
hangs out, and stringy saliva escapes. The dog may attempt to bite even
though the muscles that close the mouth are paralyzed. The duration of
the disease is short; paralysis develops early in the attack, and death
usually occurs in from two to four days.
TREATMENT.—Prevention. All vagrant dogs should be exterminated, and all
dogs that appear in public highways, streets or public places should
be muzzled. This precaution has practically eradicated the disease in
Europe. Medical treatment is useless after the first appearance of the
symptoms. However, a wound infected by Rabies should be immediately
cauterized, or even completely cut away, care being taken to cut entirely
around the wound in the healthy flesh. For cauterizing the wound, use
Nitric Acid or a hot iron. Sometimes a ten per cent solution of Zinc
Chloride is used, and perhaps it is the most successful. To afford
absolute protection, this should be done within a few minutes after being
bitten. However, treatment even as late as a few hours has been known
to suppress the development of the disease. Pasteur has originated a
virus which is used with great success, and any person bitten by a dog
suspected of Rabies should be submitted to Pasteur’s treatment.
RHEUMATISM
(_Articular and Muscular_)
CAUSE.—This disease is generally attributed to cold, damp, filthy,
ill-ventilated kennels, and exposure, but it may occur in dogs that
are well cared for. Overfeeding is also liable to produce it. The most
frequent forms of Rheumatism in dogs are Lumbago, Chest Founder, or
Kennel Lameness.
SYMPTOMS.—The symptoms are quite marked. These are severe loss of
appetite, lameness and general lack of condition. Sometimes large
swellings appear in the region of the hock, knee, and joints of the feet.
The muscles of the back are held stiff and arched, the muscles are tender
and sensitive when pressed, and the dog may be unable to move his hind
parts. Other cases may show a serious train of symptoms. A bitch that has
raised a litter of pups, when in poor flesh, is often affected with this
disease. A lameness of one or more of the limbs that shows a tendency to
shift about is the only sign noticed in the mild form of the disease.
Stiffness of the joints is noticed, especially if the quarters are
affected, and the dog lies around a good share of the time and refuses
to go far for its food. In Acute Rheumatism, the pain in the affected
muscles and joints is intense, and when these parts are handled, or the
joints moved, the dog will whine from the pain produced. When lying down,
asleep, sudden contractions of the muscles may be noticed. This is due
to the pain resulting from the relaxing of the muscles. This disease
may pursue a long course; the joints become greatly enlarged, and the
dog grows very thin and weak. In such cases, a complete recovery seldom
follows.
TREATMENT.—Prevention is very important, such as providing dry,
comfortable quarters, and the avoidance of exposure. Unless this is
practiced, but little can be obtained from medical treatment. A soft
laxative diet is also indicated: Salicylate Soda, three drams; Quinine
Sulphate, one dram. Make into twenty capsules and give one capsule every
three or four hours. When the bowels are constipated, give two or three
ounces of Castor Oil. The above doses are based on a dog weighing forty
pounds. Smaller or larger dogs should receive the same medicine but
proportionately to their weight. It is advisable, in cases where the
limbs are badly swollen, to apply liniments, and I would recommend the
following: Aqua Ammonia Fort., two ounces; Oil of Turpentine, two ounces;
Sweet Oil, four ounces. Shake and rub on the affected parts once or
twice daily.
RICKETS
CAUSE.—Perhaps the most common cause of this disease is a faulty diet, as
food that is deficient in inorganic matter. Unless supplemented by milk
or other foods containing lime salt, the bones are not supplied with the
necessary elements; lack of exercise, ill-ventilated, filthy kennels,
etc., help in causing the disease. A tendency towards Rickets in pups is
no doubt hereditary.
SYMPTOMS.—The dog is usually in good condition at the beginning of
the disease. Large, well grown pups may suddenly develop symptoms of
paralysis of the hind parts. The weakened condition of the thigh bone,
not being able to support the dog’s weight, fractures. At other times
there is a weakness and bending of bones in the limbs, breaking down of
the feet, bending or arching of the back, straddling gait, deformed or
disfigured condition of the face or nose.
TREATMENT.—Rickets can be prevented by careful feeding on suitable foods
and keeping the dog clean in well ventilated kennels, where he can get
plenty of exercise. Whenever a litter of several pups show symptoms of
the disease, the character of the food should be looked into, and if
faulty corrected by adding to it medicines or food containing required
elements. It is hardly practical to use medical treatment other than
bitter tonics. Unless the disease is in an advanced stage, it can
usually be controlled by careful feeding of a ration rich in inorganic
substances, as bone dust, lime water, and crushed egg shells, with a view
of supplying calcareous matter to the system. This can be fed to the
bitch nursing the pups or, if the pups are weaned, feed them carefully.
RINGWORM
CAUSE.—Dogs may become infected with Ringworm by coming in contact with
infected dogs, or by being shipped in crates or boxes in which infected
dogs have recently been transported, or by using blankets, brushes,
collars, etc., which have been recently used by infected dogs.
SYMPTOMS.—Small red spots first appear on the skin, gradually enlarging,
and are covered with a thin, grayish scale, under which is found a serum.
The hair falls out as a result of the infection of the skin by the
parasite. The outside of the affected patches is red, while the inner
portion takes on a grayish-white color, giving it a ring appearance.
This condition is followed by severe itching; the dog rubs and scratches
severely.
TREATMENT.—The most effective drug is Tincture of Iodine, applied once
daily with a brush. Great care must be exercised, as this disease may be
transmitted to man, and to all domestic animals. Sanitary surroundings
and good, clean food, that is easily digested, assists materially in
eradicating the parasites.
ROUNDWORMS
(_Maw Worms_)
This worm is commonly seen infesting the intestines of puppies. The body
is generally white in color and slightly curved at the head. This worm
has a stiff, wiry appearance, and measures from one to three and one-half
inches in length.
SYMPTOMS.—Puppies are more susceptible to these worms, although we find
them in aged dogs. About fifty per cent of the dogs are infested with
these worms. They cause irritation of the intestines, irregularity of
digestion, diarrhoea, colic, nervousness, constipation, irregular
appetite and a rough, dry, unthrifty appearance of the hair and skin, and
the dog becomes emaciated. After this worm migrates into the stomach, it
causes nausea and vomiting, occasionally the bowels are filled with large
masses of these worms, and their passage aids in determining the cause of
the dog’s debility.
TREATMENT.—Withhold all food from eighteen to twenty-four hours
and administer Thymol, one grain; Santonin, three grains; Calomel,
two grains. Mix and place in capsule and give in one dose to a dog
weighing fifty pounds. Smaller or larger dogs should receive the same
prescription, but in doses proportionate to their weight.
SORE THROAT
(_Pharyngitis—Laryngitis_)
CAUSE.—Sore Throat is frequently complicated by a cold. Sometimes it
is produced by inhaling irritating gases, or administering irritating
medicine. Injuries from sharp pointed sticks, eating sharp bones, etc.
SYMPTOMS.—It is more or less severe. The eyes are red and watery, and
the dog is dull and lies around most of the time. The appetite is poor
and, because of the pain and difficulty in swallowing, the dog may refuse
food. The pain in the throat is sometimes severe, and causes the dog to
move about in a restless manner. The character of the cough depends on
the part inflamed. When the larynx (opening of the windpipe) is involved,
the cough is usually hoarse and the breathing noisy and labored, as the
opening is more or less closed by the inflammation. At other times it is
dry and, when the dog moves about, or the parts are irritated by dust,
cold air, etc., coughing spells usually follow. The throat may be swollen
so as to be noticeable from the outside. Simple Sore Throat is not a
serious affection, and lasts but a short time. The symptoms may be so
mild as to escape observation; however, if the conditions are favorable,
it may re-occur and assume a severe form or become chronic.
TREATMENT.—Place the dog in clean, warm, well ventilated quarters and
feed soft food that is easily digested, as hot milk, boiled rice, etc.,
and administer the following: Potassium Chlorate, one dram; Liq. Ammonia
Acet., three ounces; Vini Ipecac, two drams; Tincture Camph. Co.,
one-half ounce; Aqua Chloroform, quantity sufficient to make six ounces.
Give one teaspoonful every four hours. This dose is based on a dog
weighing forty pounds. To smaller or larger dogs give doses in proportion
to their weight. When the throat becomes badly swollen, apply a liniment
made from equal parts of Aqua Ammonia Fort., Turpentine and Sweet Oil.
Apply over the throat and rub in briskly.
TAPEWORM
(_Tenia Marginata_)
CAUSE.—A dog eating raw flesh of sheep or cattle infested with the larva
of the Tapeworm or Gid, Sturdy, or Water Balls. (See Gid in Sheep.)
SYMPTOMS.—Tapeworms in dogs are numerous. It must be borne in mind that
an animal is not free from them until the Tapeworm’s head, apparently
the most insignificant part, has passed from the intestines. So long as
the head remains attached to the wall of the bowels by its hooklets it
will develop fresh eggs, producing segments which are passed and prove
the means of scattering the parasites. A dog infected with Tapeworm, as
a rule, is liable to reflex paralysis, coughing and convulsions from
the irritation caused by its presence in the bowels, depraved appetite,
unthriftiness, a rough, unhealthy condition of the skin, loss of hair,
anemia, irregularity of the bowels, and the feces offensive and slimy.
There is generally a certain amount of irritation of the anus, which
renders the dog fond of licking those parts or dragging them along on
the ground. Tapeworms frequently cause vomiting, and I have seen portions
of Tapeworms expelled in this way. In other cases there may be diarrhoea
and obstinate indigestion may be traced to the presence of Tapeworms.
TREATMENT.—Withhold all food for twenty-four hours and administer
Extract of Mail Fern, two drams; Pulv. Areca Nut, one dram. Mix in two
tablespoonfuls of syrup and give at one dose. Follow this treatment in
about two hours with one to two ounces of Castor Oil. This treatment
should be repeated in a week or ten days. These doses are based on a dog
weighing forty pounds. Smaller or larger dogs should receive the same
medicine, but in doses proportionate to their weight.
VOMITION
CAUSE.—This is a symptom which shows itself in almost any disease to
which the dog is subject, so extensive are the reflex influences which
follow disease in a dog. This process of Vomiting can be brought about
in the dog by means of many medicines, and the good effect of emetics is
appreciable even to the most casual observer. This class of medicines has
been much abused by those caring for sick dogs, emetics being given for
any and every disease. They sometimes free the stomach of irritants and
poisons which cause disease and poisoning, but their use requires care
and judgment.
SYMPTOMS.—The dog shows very marked symptoms of pain, but usually the
first signs exhibited are those of a sense of discomfort. The dog moans
in his sleep, wakes suddenly, curls himself up and goes to sleep again.
This continues until at last the vomiting is too urgent to allow rest.
The dog utters sharp, shrill, continuous cries, tries all sorts of
positions to get itself at ease, and walks about with the back arched.
There may be distention of the abdomen, due to the gases generated in
the bowels from the fermentation of their contents. Colicky symptoms
frequently accompany vomiting, due to the spasmodic contractions of the
stomach relieving itself of some irritant.
TREATMENT.—Knowing that the causes operating in the production of
Vomiting are so numerous, it will be easily understood that the treatment
must be equally variable. If due to the torpidity of the liver, give
Calomel, one to two grains. When worms are suspected, give worm treatment
recommended under the heading of Worms. When due to poisoning, give
milk and raw eggs. In case it is due to faulty digestion, or where a
dog is recovering from some debilitating disease, give one-fourth to
one-half teaspoonful of Baking Soda in a gelatin capsule two or three
times a day. The following prescription is recommended when all suspected
irritants are removed from the stomach: Diluted Prussic Acid (B. P.),
twelve drops; Bismuth Nitrate, one dram; Lime Water, four ounces. Mix and
give one tablespoonful three times daily. This dose is based on a dog
weighing fifty pounds. Smaller or larger dogs should receive the same
prescription, but in doses proportionate to their weight. This medicine
should be administered with great precaution, as it is very poisonous
when used in larger doses, or given at shorter intervals than above
recommended.
WOUNDS
A wound is a disruption of the soft parts of the body due to external
violence. Wounds are of various kinds, as incised, lacerated, punctured,
gunshot and poisonous.
TREATMENT.—If a wound is extensive, and bleeding is present, first arrest
it, and the most satisfactory method is as follows: Tie the artery from
which the blood is escaping, or twist with forceps, cauterize with hot
iron, compress by bandaging tightly and apply Tincture of Chloride of
Iron. This coagulates the blood, and is very effective. One important
factor in treating wounds is to attend to the drainage, as decomposed
matter absorbed into the blood produces blood poisoning. Dogs lick wounds
and keep them clean, therefore it is hardly necessary to apply medicine.
SEWING WOUNDS.—I cannot recommend sewing except in cases of incised or
clean-cut wounds. After clipping the hair from around the incision,
and washing it thoroughly with a one in one-thousandth solution of
Bichloride, stitch with cat-gut or absorbent silk suture. In case of
deep, punctured or gunshot wounds, with a syringe wash out the wounds,
using a one in one-thousandth Bichloride solution. For open wounds, use
dusting powders, as Iodoform, Boracic Acid, etc.
To keep flies from annoying a wounded dog, apply the following
prescription: Oil of Origanum, one ounce; Oil of Turpentine, one ounce;
Sweet Oil, one ounce. Apply to and around the wound with a feather. This
is also a good healing liniment as well as a fly repellent.
INDEX
Swine
Abortion, 7
Administration of Medicine to Hogs, 7
Anus, Prolapse, 23
Bag Inflammation, 8
Black Tooth, 8
Blood Poisoning, 9
Bronchitis, 10
Castration, 10
Catarrh, Nasal, 12
Choking, 11
Cholera, 13
Cold in the Head, 12
Congestion of the Kidneys, 16
Diarrhoea in Young Pigs, 12
Heat Stroke, 31
Hind Quarter Paralysis, 22
Hog Cholera, 13
Hog Lice, 18
Hog Regulator and Tonic, 6
Indigestion, 15
Inflammation of the Bag, 8
Inflammation of the Lungs, 18
Inguinal Rupture, 28
Jaundice, 16
Kidney Congestion, 16
Kidney Worm, 17
Lice on Hogs, 18
Location of Parts of Swine, 6
Lung Fever, 18
Lung Inflammation, 18
Lung Worms, 19
Mange, 20
Nasal Catarrh, 12
Naval Rupture, 20
Nettle Rash, 21
Paralysis of the Hind Quarters, 22
Pig Eating, 30
Piles, 23
Pin Worm, 24
Pleurisy, 25
Prolapse of the Anus, 23
Pyemia, 9
Rheumatism, 26
Rickets, 26
Round Worms, 27
Rupture, Inguinal, 28
Rupture, Naval, 20
Rupture, Scrotal, 28
Scours in Young Pigs, 12
Scrotal Rupture, 28
Septicemia, 9
Sore Feet, 29
Sore Mouth, 30
Sows Eating Their Young, 30
Sun Stroke, 31
Swine Fever, 13
Thorn-Headed Worms, 32
Thumps, 32
Umbilical Rupture, 20
Urticaira, 21
Whip Worm, 33
Worm in the Kidney, 17
Worm, Lung, 19
Worm, Pin, 24
Worm, Round, 27
Worm, Thorn-Headed, 32
Worm, Whip, 33
Yellows, 16
Sheep
Abortion, 37
Acute Indigestion, 46
Acute Tympanitis, 46
Black Scours, 38
Bloating, 46
Bronchitis, Verminous, 54
Catarrh, 39
Cold in the Head, 39
Congestion of the Liver, 50
Congestion of the Lungs, 52
Congestion of the Udder, 43
Diarrhoea, 40
Dyspepsia, 48
Dysentery, 40
Fluke in the Liver, 51
Foot Rot, 41
Forage Poisoning, 42
Foul in the Foot, 41
Garget, 43
Gid, 44
Grubs in the Head, 45
Head Grubs, 45
Head Maggot, 45
Hoven, 46
Indigestion, 48
Indigestion, Acute, 46
Inflammation of the Liver, 50
Inflammation of the Udder, 43
Jaundice, 50
Lamb Disease, 54
Liver Congestion, 50
Liver Inflammation, 50
Liver Fluke, 51
Location of Parts of Sheep, 35
Louse Fly, 57
Lung Fever, 52
Lung Worms, 54
Mange, 55
Pneumonia, 52
Poisoning on Forage, 42
Pulmonary Apoplexy, 52
Scab, 55
Scours, Black, 38
Strongylosis, 38
Sturdy, 44
Tick, 57
Tympanitis, Acute, 46
Udder Congestion, 43
Udder Inflammation, 43
Verminous Bronchitis, 54
Verminous Gastritis, 38
Worm, Lung, 54
Fowl
Abortion, 76
Abscesses, 65
Air Sac Mite, 61
Aphtha, 79
Apoplexy, 62
Ascites, 72
Baldness, 62
Beak Obstruction, 63
Blackhead, 63
Body Lice, 64
Body Scabies, 76
Brain Hemorrhage, 62
Bronchitis, 64
Bronchitis, Tracheo Verminous, 74
Bruises, Deep, 65
Bumble Foot, 65
Catarrh, 66
Catarrh, Gastro-Intestinal, 70
Catarrh of the Crop, 69
Chicken Pox, 66
Cholera, Fowl, 80
Congestion of the Liver, 67
Congestion of the Lungs, 68
Constipation, 68
Corns, 65
Crop Catarrh, 69
Crop Inflammation, 69
Crop Impaction, 69
Crop Obstruction, 69
Crop Paralysis, 69
Diarrhoea, 70
Diarrhoea, White, 80
Diphtheretic Roup, 71
Diphtheria, 71
Double-Yolk Eggs, 72
Dropsy, 72
Eating Eggs, 73
Eating Feathers, 74
Egg Bound, 73
Egg Eating, 73
Egg, Incomplete, 76
Eggs with Double Yolks, 72
Eggs without Shells, 73
Eggs with Soft Shells, 73
Enteritis, 70
Favus, 62
Feather Eating, 74
Feather Pulling, 74
Feeding Young Poultry, 75
Fowl Cholera, 80
Gapes, 74
Gastro-Intestinal Catarrh, 70
Gleet, Vent, 80
Gout, 78
Head Lice, 75
Hemorrhage of the Brain, 62
How to Feed Young Poultry 75
Impaction of the Crop, 69
Incomplete Egg, 76
Infectious Entero Hepatitis of Turkeys, 63
Inflammation of the Crop, 69
Inflammation of the Mouth, 77
Intestinal Obstruction, 68
Intestinal Catarrh, 70
Jaundice, 76
Leg Weakness, 78
Lice, Body, 64
Lice, Head, 75
Liver Congestion, 67
Location of Parts of the Fowl, 59
Lung Congestion, 68
Mange, 76
Mite, Air Sac, 61
Mite, Red, 77
Mouth Inflammation, 77
Mouth Sore, 79
Obstruction of the Beak, 63
Obstruction of the Crop, 69
Obstruction of the Intestines, 86
Obstruction of the Throat, 63
Paralysis, 78
Paralysis of the Crop, 69
Pip, 77
Pox, Chicken, 66
Pulling Feathers, 74
Pulmonary Congestion, 68
Red Mite, 77
Rheumatism, 78
Roup, Diphtheretic, 71
Scabies, 78
Scabies of the Body, 76
Scaly Leg, 78
Soft Shelled Eggs, 73
Sore Head, 66
Sore Mouth, 79
Throat Obstruction, 63
Thrush, 79
Tuberculosis, 79
Turkey (Blackhead), 63
Vent Gleet, 80
Verminous Tracheo Bronchitis, 74
Warts, 66
Weakness of the Legs, 78
White Diarrhoea, 80
Worms, 82
Dog
Abscesses of the Ear, 85
Apoplexy, 86
Articular Rheumatism, 112
Asthma, 86
Barrenness, 87
Bone Fractures, 100
Brain Congestion, 86
Bronchitis, 88
Bronchocele, 101
Burns, 89
Canker of the Ear, 90
Catarrh, 90
Cold in the Head, 90
Colic, 92
Congestion of the Brain, 86
Congestion of the Liver, 103
Congestion of the Lungs, 104
Conjunctivitis, 98
Constipation, 93
Chorea, 91
Diarrhoea, 94
Distemper, 95
Dysentery, 94
Dyspepsia, 102
Ear Abscesses, 85
Ear Canker, 90
Eczema, 97
Epilepsy, 98
Eye Injuries, 98
Fits, 98
Fractures, 100
Garget, 107
Goiter, 101
Haematoma, 85
Indigestion, 102
Inflammation of the Udder, 107
Injuries to the Eye, 98
Jaundice, 103
Laryngitis, 116
Liver Congestion, 103
Location of Parts of Dog, 83
Lung Fever, 104
Mad Dog, 111
Mammitis, 107
Mange, 107
Maw Worm, 115
Muscular Rheumatism, 112
Pharyngitis, 116
Piles, 110
Pleurisy, 108
Pneumonia, 104
Prolapse of the Rectum, 110
Rabies, 111
Rheumatism, 112
Rickets, 114
Ring Worm, 115
Round Worm, 115
Scalds, 89
Sore Throat, 116
St. Vitus Dance, 91
Surfeit, 97
Tapeworm, 117
Tenia Marginata, 117
Udder Inflammation, 107
Vomition, 118
Worm, Maw, 115
Worm, Tape, 117
Wounds, 119