sculptor, and studied under Michelangelo. He was early called to Genoa,
where he decorated the church of San Matteo (the church of the Doria
family) and built the famous villa in the harbour for the Admiral Andrea
Doria. The Villa Imperiali, at San Fruttuoso, near Genoa, is also
attributed to Montorsoli. One of his best works is the high altar in the
church of the Servi at Bologna.
MOORE (JACOB)
1740-1793
Moore, a Scotch landscape-painter—known as “Moore of Rome”—was
patronized by Prince Borghese, and remodelled the grounds of the Villa
Borghese in the style of the _jardin anglais_.
MORA
XVII Century
A Roman engineer of the name built some of the waterworks on the Isola
Bella, near Como, in the seventeenth century.
NOLLI (ANTONIO)
XVIII Century
Nolli laid out the grounds of the Villa Albani near Rome, in 1746.
NOLLI (PIETRO)
XVIII Century
Pietro Nolli is also mentioned as one of the landscape-gardeners who
laid out the Villa Albani.
OLIVIERI (ORAZIO) OF TIVOLI
XVI Century
Olivieri was employed as an engineer of the waterworks at the Villa
d’Este at Tivoli and the Villa Aldobrandini at Frascati.
PALLADIO (ANDREA)
1508-1580
Palladio, the great Venetian architect, was born at Vicenza. He turned
the development of Italian Renaissance architecture in the direction of
pure classicalism, and was a master of proportion in building. At
Vicenza he rebuilt the Sala della Ragione, and built the Palazzi Tiene
and Valmarana and the Teatro Olimpico; while the Villa Capra or Rotonda,
near Vicenza, is his work, and also the Villa Giacomelli at Maser. In
Venice he erected the churches of San Giorgio Maggiore and Il Redentore,
also the Villa Malcontenta near Fusina on the Brenta. Palladio published
a “Treatise on Architecture” and “The Antiquities of Rome.”
PARIGI (GIULIO)
B. ——, d. 1635
Parigi was a Florentine architect, engineer and designer. As far as is
known, he worked entirely in Florence and its environs. He is the
architect of the court and arcade of Poggio Imperiale, the cloister of
S. Agostino, the Palazzo Marucelli (now Fenci), the Palazzo Scarlatti,
and a part of the Uffizi.
PERUZZI (BALDASSARE)
1481-1537
Peruzzi, who was both architect and painter, divided his time between
Rome and Siena, where he was born. He built the Villa Vicobello near
Siena, as well as that of Belcaro. The well-known Palazzo Massimi alle
Colonne in Rome is his work, also the Villa Trivulzio near Rome.
PIRANESI (GIOVANNI BATTISTA)
1720-1778
Piranesi, the famous Venetian etcher and engraver, was specially noted
for his etchings of famous buildings, and has been called “The Rembrandt
of Architecture.” He was also an architect, and worked on the church of
S. Maria del Popolo in Rome. While there he also remodelled the chapel
of the Priory of the Knights of Malta, and probably laid out the
grounds. Piranesi published over twenty folio volumes of engravings and
etchings.
PONZIO (FLAMINIO)
1575-1620
Ponzio, a Lombard architect, built the loggia of the Villa Mondragone at
Frascati, and the Palazzo Sciarra, and finished the Borghese Chapel in
the church of S. Maria Maggiore in Rome.
PORTA (GIACOMO DELLA)
1541-1604
Della Porta, a Milanese architect, was a pupil of Vignola’s. His great
work was the finishing of the dome of St. Peter’s in Rome, in doing
which he followed Michelangelo’s plan, but improved the curve. His other
works in Rome were: the churches of Il Gesù, S. Luigi de’ Francesi, S.
Catarina de’ Funari, the Palazzo Paluzzi, the façade of the Palazzo
Chigi, the famous fountains in the Piazza d’Araceli and the Piazza
Navona (for which Bernini supplied the sculpture), and the Fontana delle
Tartarughe. In Genoa he finished the church of the S. S. Annunziata, and
he was employed on the Villa d’Este at Tivoli and the Villa Aldobrandini
at Frascati.
PRATI
XVIII Century
Prati collaborated with Count Frigimelica in building the Villa Pisani,
at Strà near Venice, in the eighteenth century.
RAINALDI (GIROLAMO)
1570-1655
Rainaldi was a Roman and his principal works are in Rome. He planned the
church of S. Agnese; built the façade of S. Andrea della Valle, the
façade of S. Maria in Campitelli, and the Palazzo Pamphily on the Piazza
Navona. He added two pavilions to the Farnesina, and designed the
grounds of the Villa Borghese and the gardens of the Villa Mondragone at
Frascati. In Bologna he built the church of S. Lucia.
RAPHAEL SANZIO
1483-1520
Raphael succeeded Bramante as chief architect of St. Peter’s. His most
important villa is the famous Villa Madama near Rome. The Farnesina in
Rome was built by him, and he laid out the gardens of the Vatican. His
other works in Rome are the Palazzo Caffarelli (now Stoppani) and the
Capella Chigi. In Florence he designed the façades of the church of San
Lorenzo and of the Palazzo Pandolfini (now Nencini).
REPTON (HUMPHREY)
1752-1818
Repton, who was born at Bury St. Edmunds, began life as a merchant, but
having failed in his business, became a landscape-gardener. He published
“Observations on Landscape Gardening” (1803), and is the best-known
successor of “Capability Brown” in the naturalistic style of gardening.
ROMANO (GIULIO DEI GIANNUZZI—ALSO CALLED GIULIO PIPPI)
1492-1546
As Raphael’s pupil, Giulio Romano painted the architectural backgrounds
of Raphael’s frescoes in the Vatican, and this led to his studying
architecture. His masterpiece is the Palazzo del Tè at Mantua, where he
also built a part of the Palazzo Ducale. He carried out Raphael’s
decorations in the Villa Madama.
RUGGIERI (ANTONIO MARIA)
XVIII Century
Ruggieri built the Villa Alario (now Visconti di Saliceto) on the
Naviglio near Milan, and the façade of the church of S. Firenze in
Florence. He also remodelled the interior of Santa Felicità in Florence,
and in Milan he built the Palazzo Cusani.
SANGALLO (ANTONIO GIAMBERTI DA)
1455-1534
Antonio da Sangallo was a brother of Giuliano, and famous as a carver of
crucifixes. He altered Hadrian’s tomb in Rome into the Castle of St.
Angelo, and laid out a part of the Vatican gardens. The church of the
Madonna di S. Biagio in Montepulciano and the fortress of Cività
Castellana were built by him.
SANGALLO, THE YOUNGER (ANTONIO CORDIANI DA)
1483-1546
This Sangallo was a nephew of the other Antonio, and a pupil of
Bramante’s. After Raphael’s death he became the leading architect of St.
Peter’s. The fortress at Cività Vecchia is his work. In Rome he planned
the outer gardens of the Vatican and built the right-hand chapel in S.
Giacomo degli Spagnuoli, the beautiful Palazzo Marchionne Baldassini,
the Palazzo Sacchetti, and the greater part of the Palazzo Farnese.
SANGALLO (GIULIANO GIAMBERTI DA)
1445-1516
Giuliano da Sangallo, the Florentine architect, was also noted as an
engineer and a carver in wood. His great work is the villa at Poggio a
Caiano near Florence, with a hall having the widest ceiling then known.
He also built the Villa Petraia at Castello, near Florence, and in or
near Florence the sacristy and cloister of San Spirito, the cloister for
the Frati Eremitani di S. Agostino, and the villa of Poggio Imperiale.
Among his other works are: the Palazzo Rovere near San Pietro in
Vincoli, in Rome, and the Palazzo Rovere at Savona. Sangallo also
constructed many fortresses. After Bramante’s death he worked with
Raphael on St. Peter’s.
SANSOVINO (JACOPO TATTI)
1487-1570
Sansovino, though a Florentine by birth, worked principally in Venice.
He was equally distinguished as sculptor and architect. In the latter
capacity he built in Venice the Zecca or Mint, the Loggietta, the
Palazzo Cornaro, the Palazzo Corner della Cá Grande, the Scala d’Oro in
the Doge’s palace, the churches of San Martino and San Fantino, and his
masterpiece, the Library of San Marco. In Rome the Palazzo Gaddi (now
Nicolini) was built by him.
SAVINO (DOMENICO)
XVIII Century
Savino is mentioned among the landscape-gardeners who remodelled the
grounds of the Villa Borghese.
TITO (SANTI DI) OF FLORENCE
1536-1603
Santi di Tito of Florence was known as an historical painter, and also
as a builder of villas at Casciano and Monte Oliveto. An octagonal villa
at Peretola was built by him, and he did some decorative work in the
Villa Pia. In Florence he built the Palazzo Dardinelli.
IL TRIBOLO (NICCOLÓ PERICOLI)
1485-1550
Il Tribolo, the Florentine sculptor, studied under Sansovino. He became
known for his beautiful designs in tile-work, of which the Villa
Castello near Florence shows many examples. He collaborated with
Ammanati in laying out the Boboli garden, and the great grotto at
Castello is his work.
UDINE (GIOVANNI DA)
1487-1564
Giovanni da Udine, born, as his name indicates, in the chief city of the
province of Friuli, was one of the most celebrated decorative artists of
his day. He studied under Giorgione and Raphael, and became noted for
his stained glass and for the invention of a stucco as durable as that
of the Romans. His stucco-work in the Villa Madama and in the loggias of
the Vatican is famous, and part of the decoration of the Borgia rooms in
the Vatican is his work. Michelangelo’s chapel of the Medici in Florence
was painted and decorated in stucco by Udine, and he carried out, in
painting, some of Raphael’s designs for the great hall of the Farnesina.
The Palazzo Grimani in Venice and the Palazzo Massimi alle Colonne in
Rome were partly decorated by him.
VAGA (PIERIN DEL)
1500-1547
Del Vaga, whose real name was Pietro Buonaccorsi, was born near
Florence. He was a pupil of Raphael’s, and after the latter’s death was
employed in finishing a part of his work in the Vatican. Almost all del
Vaga’s work was done in Genoa, where he painted the state apartments in
the Villa Doria. The charming plaster decorations in the Palazzo
Pallavicini (now Cataldi) are by him, and also the Hercules cycle in the
Palazzo Odero (now Mari).
VASANZIO (GIOVANNI)
B. ——, d. 1622
Vasanzio, known also as Il Fiammingo, but whose real name was John of
Xanten, was a Flemish architect who came to Italy and had considerable
success in Rome. He built the Villa Borghese in Rome and designed the
fountains of the inner court of the Villa Pia. He also worked on the
Villa Mondragone at Frascati and succeeded Flaminio Ponzio as architect
of the Palazzo Rospigliosi in Rome.
VASARI (GIORGIO)
1511-1574
Vasari, who was born at Arezzo, was a pupil of Michelangelo and Andrea
del Sarto. Though he considered himself a better painter than architect,
it is chiefly as the latter that he interests the modern student. He
built the court of the Uffizi in Florence and planned the Villa di Papa
Giulio in Rome; painted the ceiling of the great hall of the Palazzo
Vecchio in Florence, and carved the figure of Architecture on the tomb
of Michelangelo in Santa Croce. He is, however, chiefly famous for his
lives of the Italian painters and architects.
VIGNOLA (GIACOMO BAROZZI DA)
1507-1573
Vignola, one of the greatest architects of the sixteenth century, born
at Vignola, in the province of Modena, followed Michelangelo as the
architect of St. Peter’s. The Villa Lante at Bagnaia, near Viterbo, is
attributed to him. In Rome he built the celebrated Villa di Papa Giulio,
though the plan was Vasari’s; also the garden-architecture of the Orti
Farnesiani on the Palatine. His masterpiece is the palace at Caprarola,
near Viterbo. He also built the great Palazzo Farnese at Piacenza,
various buildings at Bologna, and the loggia of the Villa Mondragone at
Frascati. His church of the Gesù in Rome greatly influenced other
architects. His text-book on the Orders of Architecture is one of the
best-known works on the subject.
INDEX
Acqua Sola, gardens of, 42, 53
Albani, Cardinal, 113
Albani, Villa, Pietro Nolli’s work on, 110;
Antonio Nolli’s work on, 113
d’Albaro, San Francesco, villas at, 188
Alessi, Galeazzo: Strada Nuova, 176;
Villa Imperiali (Scassi), 179;
Villa Paradiso, 189;
Villa Cambiaso, 189
Algardi, Alessandro, 109
Ammanati, Bartolommeo, Boboli garden, 25;
Villa di Papa Giulio, 84
Anguissola, Count, 212
Arethusa, grotto of, at Villa d’Este, 147
Battaglia, castle of Cattajo at, 233
Bernini, 185
Bisuschio: _see_ Villa Cicogna
Boboli garden, 25;
Isola Bella in, 29
Bologna, Giovanni da, 37;
figure of the Apennines, 57
Bombicci, Villa, 53
Borghese, Cardinal Scipione, 148
Borghese, Villa, 107
Borromean Islands, 197
Borromeo, Cardinal Charles, 201
Borromeo, Count Vitaliano IV, 198
Borromini, 163
Botanic Garden at Padua, 239
Bramante: Vatican gardens, 81;
double staircase in the Vatican, 97
Brenta, the, 233, 243
Brown, “Capability,” 205
Brunswick, Caroline of, 184
Buonaccorsi: _see_ Vaga
Buontalenti, 25
Burnet, Bishop: description of Isola Bella,
Cadenabbia, 214
Cafaggiuolo, Villa, 30
_Caffè_ at the Villa Albani, 114
Cagnola, Villa, 219
Cambiaso, Villa, 189
Cambiaso, Villa: _see_ Paradiso
Campi, Villa, 54
Campiobbi, 48
Camporesi, 108
Canopus, Valley of, at Villa of Hadrian, 148
Capra, Villa, at Vicenza, 246
Caprarola, 97;
Vignola’s casino, 131;
_château d’eau_, 131
Careggi, Villa, 30
Carloni, the: statue of Neptune in Villa Doria, 175
Carlotta, Villa, at Cadenabbia, 214
Casino of the Aurora, 119
Casino del Papa: _see_ Villa Pia
Castelli: terraces on the Isola Bella, 198
Castello, Giovanni Battista, 173
Castello, Villa, 30
Cattajo, castle of, 233
Cecchignola, hunting-lodge of, 119
Celimontana, Villa, 119
Cetinale, Villa, 64;
hermitage at, 66
_Châteaux d’eau_ at the Villa Aldobrandini, 152;
Villa Borghese, 107;
Caprarola, 131;
Villa Cicogna, 217;
Palazzo Colonna, 119;
Villa Conti, 155;
Villa d’Este at Tivoli, 144;
Villa Lante, 136;
Lancellotti, 164;
Mondragone, 151;
Val San Zibio, 237
Chigi, Flavio, 65
Chigi, Villa, 117
Cicogna, Villa, 214;
_château d’eau_, 217
Clement VII: _see_ Medici, Giuliano de’
Colonna, Cardinal, 83
Colonna, Palazzo, 118;
_château d’eau_, 119
Como, villa of Bishop of, 213
Conti, Villa: _see_ Torlonia
Cordova, Cardinal Bishop of, 140
Corsini, Villa, 48
Crivelli, Villa, near Inverigo, 218
Crivelli: work on the Isola Bella, 198
Cuzzano, Villa, 250
Danti, Villa, 48, 57
De’ Gori, Villa: _see_ Palazzina, La
Durazzo-Grapollo, Villa, 186
Dussieux, 110
Este, Cardinal Ippolito d’, 140
Este, Villa d’, at Cernobbio, 208
Este, Villa d’, at Tivoli, 139;
grotesque garden-architecture, 29;
Ligorio’s work, 140;
frescoes of the Zuccheri, 143
Evelyn, description of Villa Medici, 89;
of Villa Doria, 175
Falconieri, Villa, 160
Farnese, Cardinal Alexander, 127
Farnese gardens, 97
Ferrara, Alfonso I of, 140
Ferri, Antonio, 48
Fontana, Carlo: Cetinale, 65;
palace and garden-pavilions on the Isola Bella, 198
Fontana, Giovanni: Villa Borghese, 107;
_théâtre d’eau_ at Mondragone, 151;
waterworks at the Villa Aldobrandini, 152
Fonte all’ Erta, 51
Frascati, _jeux d’eaux_ in villas, 107;
characteristic features of villas, 139
Gallio, Cardinal, 184
Gambara, Cardinal, 132
Gamberaia, Villa, 45
Garden, Botanic, at Padua, 239
Garden-house at Caprarola, 131
Garden-house at Strà, 244
Gardens:
Acqua Sola, 185
Boboli, 25
Farnese, 97
Florentine, English influence on, 21
Genoese, characteristics of, 178
Giusti, 250
Pigna, 82
Vatican, 98
Genoa, villas of, 173
Giacomelli, Villa, 249
Giulio, Villa di Papa, 84
Giusti gardens, 250
Giustiniani, Villa, 174
Grotto at Villa Castello, 34;
at Villa d’Este, 147;
at Villa Gamberaia, 45
Hermitage at Cetinale, 66
Imperiali, Villa, at Sampierdarena: _see_ Villa Scassi
Imperiali, Villa, at San Fruttuoso, 190
Isola Bella, Lake of Como, 198;
Bishop Burnet’s description of, 201
Isola Bella in Boboli garden, 29
Isola Madre, Lake of Como, 197
Julius III, 84
Juvara, 231
Lancellotti, Villa, 164
Lante, Villa, 132;
_château d’eau_, 136;
gardens, 97
Le Nôtre, 110, 139
Ligorio, Pirro, 98;
Casino del Papa, 98;
Villa d’Este at Tivoli, 140
Lippi, Annibale, 90
Lomellini, Villa, 174
Longhena, 232
Ludovisi, Villa, 119
_Maison de plaisance_, the, 22
Malcontenta, Villa della, 245
Malta, Villa of the Knights of, 117
Marchionne, Carlo, 113
Mattei, Villa, 119
Medici, Eleonora de’, 25
Medici, Giuliano de’ (Clement VII), 82
Medici, Villa, 89
Michelangelo: Villa Bombicci, 53;
Villa di Papa Giulio, 84
Modena, Villa of Duke of, at Varese, 224
Mondragone, 97;
work by Flaminio Ponzio, 148;
Vignola’s loggia, 151;
Giovanni Fontana’s _théâtre d’eau_, 151
Montaigne: description of Castello, 33
Montalto, Cardinal, 132
Montorsoli, Fra., 174
Moore, Jacob, 108
Mora, 198
Muti, Villa, 159
Naples, King of, 83
Negroni, Villa, 119
Nolli, Antonio, 113
Nolli, Pietro, 110
Olivieri, Orazio, 147
Padua, Botanic Garden, 239;
Prato della Valle, 240
Palazzina, La, 71;
theatre at, 72
Palladio, 180, 232
Pallavicini, Villa, at Pegli, 185
Pallavicini alle Peschiere, Villa, 185, 180
Palmieri, Villa, 57
Pamphily, Villa, 109; _théâtre d’eau_, 110
Papa, Casino del: _see_ Villa Pia
Papa Giulio, Villa di, 84
Paradisino, Villa, 189
Paradiso, Villa, 189
Parigi, Giulio, 38
Parma, Duchess of, 83
Parodi, Palazzo, 177
Peruzzi, Baldassare, at Belcaro, 63;
at Vicobello, 69
Peter Leopold, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 38
Petraia, Villa, 30;
fountain at, 37
Pia, Villa, 140
Pigna, Giardino della, 82
Piranesi, 117
Pisani, Alvise, 243
Pisani, Villa, at Strà, 244
Pius IV, 98
Pliniana, Villa, 212
Poggio a Caiano, 30
Poggio Imperiale, 38
Ponzio, Flaminio, 148
Porta, Giacomo della, 144;
Villa Aldobrandini, 151
Prati, 243
Pratolino, Villa, 30, 57
Priorato, Il: _see_ Villa of the Knights of
Malta
Pulci, Castel, 57
Rainaldi, Girolamo, 107
Raphael, 82
Repton, Humphrey, 205
Riario, Cardinal, 132
Ridolfi, Cardinal, 132
Romano, Giulio, 82
Rotonda Cagnola: _see_ Cagnola
Rotonda Capra: _see_ Capra
Rubens, 176
Ruffini, Cardinal, 163
Ruggieri, 223
Sacchetti, Villa, 119
Sampierdarena, 33
Sangallo, Antonio da, 82;
A. da Sangallo the Younger, 104
Sangallo, Giuliano da, 38, 82
Sansovino, 232
Savino, 107
Scassi, Villa, 179
Sixtus V, 132
Strà, Villa Pisani at, 244
Strada Nuova in Genoa, 176
Tiepolo: Villa Pisani, 244;
Villa Valmarana, 249
Tito, Santi di, 53
Torlonia, Villa, 155
Tribolo, Il: Boboli garden, 25;
fountain at Castello, 33;
at Petraia, 37
Udine, Giovanni da, 83
Vaga, Pierin del, 173
Valmarana, Villa, 249
Val San Zibio, Villa of, 237
Vasanzio, Giovanni (Il Fiammingo), 107
Vasari, 84
Vatican, gardens of, 81
Venetia, villa-architecture of, 232
Vigna del Papa: _see_ Villa di Papa Giulio
Vignola: Villa di Papa Giulio, 84;
Farnese gardens, 97;
Caprarola, 131;
loggia at Mondragone, 151
Villa:
Ai Collazzi: _see_ Bombicci
Alario: _see_ Visconti di Saliceto
Albani, 110, 113
Aldobrandini, 151
Belcaro, 63
Belrespiro: _see_ Pamphily
Bombicci, 53
Borghese, 107
Cafaggiuolo, 30
Cagnola, 219
Cambiaso (Paradiso), 189
Cambiaso, by Alessi, 189
Campi, 54
Capponi at Arcetri, 48
Capra, 246
Caprarola, 97
Careggi, 30
Carlotta, 214
Castel Pulci, 57
Celimontana, 119
Cetinale, 64
Chigi, 117
Cicogna, 214
Conti: _see_ Torlonia
Corsini, 48
Crivelli, 218
Cuzzano, 250
Danti, 48, 57
De’ Gori: _see_ Palazzina, La
Doria in Genoa, 175
Durazzo-Grapollo, 186
d’Este at Cernobbio, 184
d’Este at Tivoli, 139
Falconieri, 160
Fonte all’ Erta, 51
Gamberaia, 41
Giacomelli, 249
Giustiniani, 174
Imperiali at San Fruttuoso, 190
Imperiali: _see_ Scassi
Isola Bella, 198
Lancellotti, 164
Lante, 97
Lappeggi, 57
Lomellini, 174
Ludovisi, 119
Madama, 82
Malcontenta, 245
Malta, of the Knights of, 117
Medici, 89
Mondragone, 97
Muti, 159
Negroni, 119
Palazzina, La, 71
Pallavicini at Pegli, 185
Pallavicini alle Peschiere, 185
Palmieri, 57
Pamphily, 109
di Papa Giulio, 84
Paradisino, 189
Paradiso: _see_ Cambiaso
Petraia, 30
Pia, 140
Pisani, 244
Pliniana, 212
Poggio a Caiano, 30
Poggio Imperiale, 30
Pratolino, 57
Priorato, del: _see_ Malta
Rotonda: _see_ Cagnola and Capra
Sacchetti, 119
Scassi, 179
Torlonia, 155
Valmarana, 249
Val San Zibio, 237
Vicobello, 69
Visconti di Saliceto, 220
_Villa suburbana_, the, 22
Villas of the Brenta, 240;
of the Brianza, 218;
Florentine, 19;
Genoese, 173;
Milanese, 197;
Roman, 81;
Sienese, 63;
Venetian, 231
Vismara, 198
Xanten, John of: _see_ Vasanzio
Zocchi, etchings by, 33
Zuccheri, the, 85, 143
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transcriber’s note:
1. Silently corrected typographical errors.
2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.