MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE
In this chapter are given short notices of a series of works which the
limits of this book make it impossible to describe at greater length.
I. The BOOK OF THE TWO WAYS.--This is a very ancient funerary work,
which is found written in cursive hieroglyphs upon coffins of the
eleventh and twelfth dynasties, of which many fine examples are to be
seen in the British Museum. The object of the work is to provide the
souls of the dead with a guide that will enable them, when they leave
this world, to make a successful journey across the Tuat, _i.e._ the
Other World or Dead Land, to the region where Osiris lived and ruled
over the blessed dead. The work describes the roads that must be
travelled over, and names the places where opposition is to be expected,
and supplies the deceased with the words of power which he is to utter
when in difficulties. The abode of the blessed dead could be reached
either by water or by land, and the book affords the information
necessary for journeying thither by either route. The sections of the
book are often accompanied by coloured vignettes, which illustrate them,
and serve as maps of the various regions of the Other World, and
describe the exact positions of the streams and canals that have to be
crossed, and the Islands of the Blest, and the awful country of blazing
fire and boiling water in which the bodies, souls, and spirits of the
wicked were destroyed.
II. The BOOK "AM TUAT," or Guide to him that is in the Tuat.--This Book
has much in common with the Book of the Two Ways. According to it, the
region that lay between this world and the realm of Osiris was divided
into ten parts, which were traversed, once each night, by the Sun-god
in the form which he took during the night. At the western end was a
sort of vestibule, through which the god passed from the day sky into
the Tuat, and at the eastern end was another vestibule, through which he
passed on leaving the Tuat to re-enter the day sky. The two vestibules
were places of gloom and semi-darkness, and the ten divisions of the
Tuat were covered by black night. When the Sun-god set in the west in
the evening he was obliged to travel through the Tuat to the eastern
sky, in order to rise again on this earth on the following day. He
entered the Tuat at or near Thebes, proceeded northwards, through the
under-worlds of Thebes, Abydos, Herakleopolis, Memphis, and Saīs, then
turned towards the east and crossed the Delta, and, having passed
through the underworld of Heliopolis, appeared in the eastern sky to
resume his daily course from east to west. His journey so far as Memphis
he made in a boat, which sailed on the river of the Tuat. At Memphis he
left the boat on the river, and entered a magical boat formed of a
serpent's body, and so passed under the mountainous district round about
Sakkārah. At or near Saīs he returned to his river boat, and sailing
over the great marine lakes of the Delta reached Heliopolis. The sun-god
was guided through each section of the Tuat by a goddess who belonged to
the district, and for the sake of uniformity the journey through each
section was supposed to occupy an hour; the guiding goddess left the
god's boat at the end of her hour, and the goddess of the next section
took her place. The path of the god was lighted by fire, which the
beings who lived in the various sections poured out of their mouths, and
the attendant gods who were with them in his boat spake words of power,
which overcame all opposition and removed every obstacle. As he passed
through each section it was temporarily lighted up by the fire already
mentioned, and he uttered words of power, the effect of which was to
supply the inhabitants of the section with air, food, and drink,
sufficient to last until the next night, when he would renew the supply.
Many parts of the Tuat were filled with hideous monsters in human and
animal forms, and with evil spirits of every kind, but they were all
rendered powerless by the spells uttered by the gods who were in
attendance on the Sun-god in his boat. At one time in the history of
Egypt it became the earnest wish of every pious man to make the journey
from this world to the next in the Boat of the Sun. Armed with words of
power and amulets of all kinds, and relying on their lives of moral
rectitude, and the effect of the offerings which they had made to the
dead, their souls entered the Boat, and set out on their journey. When
they reached Abydos their credentials were examined, and those who were
found to be speakers of the truth and upright in their actions were
allowed to continue their journey with the Sun-god, and to live with him
ever after. Some souls preferred to remain at Abydos and to live with
Osiris, and those who were found righteous in the Judgment were allowed
to do so, and were granted estates in perpetuity in the kingdom of this
god. The Book "AM TUAT" describes the sections of the Tuat and their
inhabitants, and supplies all the information which the soul was
supposed to require in passing from this world to the next. Many copies
of certain sections of it are known, and some of these are in the
British Museum;[1] the most complete copy of it is in the tomb of Seti I
at Thebes.
[Footnote 1: See the massive stone sarcophagi of Nectonebus exhibited in
the Southern Egyptian Gallery of the British Museum.]
III. The BOOK OF GATES.--This book was also written to be a Guide to the
Tuat, and has much in common with the Book of the Two Ways and with the
Book Am Tuat. In it also the Tuat is divided into ten sections and has
two vestibules, the Eastern and the Western, but at the entrance to each
section is a strongly fortified Gate, guarded by a monster serpent-god
and by the gods of the section. The Sun-god of night, as in the Book Am
Tuat, makes his journey in a boat, and is attended by a number of gods,
who remove all opposition from his path by the use of words of power. As
he approaches each Gate, its doors are thrown open by the gods who guard
them, and he passes into the section of the Tuat behind it, carrying
with him light, air, and food for its inhabitants. The Book of Gates
embodies the teaching of the priests of the cult of Osiris, and the Book
Am Tuat represents the modified form of it that was promulgated by the
priests of Amen. From the Book of Gates we derive much information about
the realm of Osiris, and the Great Judgment of souls, which took place
in his Hall of Judgment once a day at midnight. Then all the souls that
had collected during the past twenty-four hours from all parts of Egypt
were weighed in the Balance; the righteous were allotted estates in
perpetuity in the "land of souls," and the wicked were destroyed by
Shesmu, the executioner of the god, and by his assistants. The texts
that describe the various "Gates" of the Book of Gates, explain who are
the beings represented in the pictures, and state why they were there.
And the Book proves conclusively that the Egyptians believed in the
efficacy of sacrifices and offerings, and in the doctrine of righteous
retribution; liars and deceivers were condemned, and their bodies,
souls, spirits, doubles, and names destroyed, and the righteous were
rewarded for their upright lives and integrity upon earth by the gift of
everlasting life and happiness. The most complete copy of this
interesting work in England is cut on the alabaster sarcophagus of Seti
I, about 1350 B.C. This unique sepulchral monument is exhibited gratis
in Sir John Soane's Museum at 13 Lincoln's Inn Fields, and every student
of the religion of the Egyptians should examine it.
IV. The RITUAL OF EMBALMMENT.--Two important fragments of a copy of this
work are preserved in the Museum of the Louvre (No. 5158), and a part of
another in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo (No. 3); the former copy was
written for a priest of Amen called Heru, and the latter for a priest
called Hetra. These fragments of the work describe minutely the process
of mummifying certain parts of a human body, and state what materials
were employed by the embalmer. Moreover, it gives the texts of the
magical and religious spells that were ordered to be recited by the
priest who superintended the embalmment, the effect of which was to
"make divine" each member of the body, and to secure for it the
protecting influence of the god or goddess who presided over it. The
following extract refers to the embalming of the head: "Then anoint the
head of the deceased and all his mouth with oil, both the head and the
face, and wrap it in the bandages of Harmakhis in Hebit. The bandage of
the goddess Nekhebet shall be put on the forehead, the bandage of Hathor
in Heliopolis on the face, the bandage of Thoth on the ears, and the
bandage of Nebt-hetepet on the back of the neck. All the coverings of
the head and all the strips of linen used in fastening them shall be
taken from sheets of linen that have been examined as to quality and
texture in the presence of the inspector of the mysteries. On the head
of the deceased shall be the bandage of Sekhmet, beloved of Ptah, in two
pieces. On the two ears two bandages called the "Complete." On the
nostrils two bandages called "Nehai" and "Smen." On the cheeks two
bandages called "He shall live." On the forehead four pieces of linen
called the "shining ones." On the skull two pieces called "The two Eyes
of Rā in their fullness." On the two sides of the face and ears
twenty-two pieces. As to the mouth two inside, and two out. On the chin
two pieces. On the back of the neck four large pieces. Then tie the
whole head firmly with a strip of linen two fingers wide, and anoint a
second time, and then fill up all the crevices with the oil already
mentioned. Then say, "O august goddess, Lady of the East, Mistress of
the West, come and enter into the two ears of Osiris. O mighty goddess,
who art ever young, O great one, Lady of the East, Mistress of the West,
let there be breathing in the head of the deceased in the Tuat. Let him
see with his eyes, hear with his ears, breathe with his nose, pronounce
with his mouth, and speak with his tongue in the Tuat. Accept his voice
in the Hall of Truth, and let him be proved to have been a speaker of
the truth in the Hall of Keb, in the presence of the Great God, the Lord
of Amenti."
V. The RITUAL OF THE DIVINE CULT.--This title is commonly given to a
work consisting of sixty-six chapters, which were recited daily by the
high priest of Amen-Rā, the King of the Gods, in his temple at Thebes,
during the performance of a series of ceremonies of a highly important
and symbolical character. The text of this Ritual is found cut in
hieroglyphs on the walls of the temple of Seti I at Abydos, and written
in hieratic upon papyri preserved in the Imperial Museum in Berlin. The
work was originally intended to be recited by the king himself daily,
but it was soon found that the Lord of Egypt could not spare the time
necessary for its recital each day, and he therefore was personified by
the high priest of each temple in which the Ritual was performed. The
object of the Ritual was to place the king in direct contact with his
god Amen-Rā once a day. The king was an incarnation of Amen-Rā, and
ruled Egypt as the representative upon earth of the god. He drew his
power and wisdom direct from the god, and it was believed that these
required renewal daily. To bring about this renewal of the divine spirit
in the god's vicegerent upon earth, the king entered the temple in the
early morning, and performed ceremonies and recited formulæ that
purified both the sanctuary and himself. He then advanced to the shrine,
which contained a small gilded wooden figure of the god, inlaid with
precious stones and provided with a movable head, arms, and legs, and
opened it and knelt down before the figure. He performed further
ceremonies of purification, and finally took the figure of the god in
his arms and embraced it. During this embrace the divine power of
Amen-Rā, which was in the gilded figure at that moment, passed into the
body of the king, and the divine power and wisdom, which were in the
king as the god's representative, were renewed. The king then closed the
doors of the shrine and left the sanctuary for a short time. When he
returned he opened the shrine again, and made adoration to the god, and
presented a series of offerings that symbolised Truth. After this the
king dressed the figure of the god in sacred apparel, and decorated it.
Then, having performed further acts of worship before it, he closed the
doors of the shrine, sealed them with mud seals, and left the sanctuary.
VI. The BOOK "MAY MY NAME FLOURISH."--This was a very popular funerary
work in the Roman Period. It is a development of a long prayer that is
found in the Pyramid Texts, and was written by the priests and used as a
spell to make the name of the deceased flourish eternally in heaven and
on the earth. Many copies of it, written on narrow strips of papyrus,
are preserved in the British Museum.
VII. The BOOK OF ĀAPEP, the great enemy of the Sun-god.--Āapep was the
god of evil, who became incarnate in many forms, especially in wild and
savage animals and in monster serpents and venomous reptiles of every
kind. He was supposed to take the form of a huge serpent and to lie in
wait near the portals of the dawn daily, so that he might swallow up the
sun as he was about to rise in the eastern sky. He was accompanied by
legions of devils and fiends, red and black, and by all the powers of
storm, tempest, hurricane, whirlwind, thunder and lightning, and he was
the deadly foe of all order, both physical and moral, and of all good in
heaven and in earth. At certain times during the day and night the
priests in the temple of Amen-Rā recited a series of chapters, and
performed a number of magical ceremonies, which were intended to
strengthen the arms of the Sun-god, and give him power to overcome the
resistance of Āapep. These chapters acted on Āapep as spells, and they
paralysed the monster just as he was about to attack the Sun-god. The
god then approached and shot his fiery darts into him, and his attendant
gods hacked the monster's body to pieces, which shrivelled up under the
burning heat of the rays of the Sun-god, and all the devils and fiends
of darkness fled shrieking in terror at their leader's fate. The sun
then rose on this world, and all the stars and spirits of the morning
and all the gods of heaven sang for joy. The complete text of this book
is found in a long papyrus dated in the reign of Alexander II in the
British Museum (No. 10,188).
VIII. The INSTRUCTIONS, OR PRECEPTS OF TUAUF to his son Pepi.--Two
copies of this work, which has also been called a "Hymn in praise of
learning," are contained in a papyri preserved in the British Museum
(Sallier II and Anastasi VII). These "Instructions" in reality represent
the advice of a father to his son, whom he was sending to school to be
trained for the profession of the scribe. Whether the boy was merely
sorry to leave his home, or whether he disliked the profession which his
father had chosen for him, is not clear, but from first to last the
father urges him to apply himself to the pursuit of learning, which, in
his opinion, is the foundation of all great and lasting success. He
says, "I have compared the people who are artisans and handicraftsmen
[with the scribe], and indeed I am convinced that there is nothing
superior to letters. Plunge into the study of Egyptian Learning, as thou
wouldst plunge into the river, and thou wilt find that this is so. I
would that thou wouldst love Learning as thou lovest thy mother. I wish
I were able to make thee to see how beautiful Learning is. It is more
important than any trade in the world. Learning is not a mere phrase,
for the man who devoteth himself thereto from his youth is honoured, and
he is despatched on missions. I have watched the blacksmith at the door
of his furnace. His hands are like crocodiles' hide, and he stinketh
worse than fishes' eggs. The metal worker hath no more rest than the
peasant on the farm. The stone mason--at the end of the day his arms are
powerless; he sitteth huddled up together until the morning, and his
knees and back are broken. The barber shaveth until far into the night,
he only resteth when he eateth. He goeth from one street to another
looking for work. He breaketh his arms to fill his belly, and, like the
bees, he eateth his own labour. The builder of houses doeth his work
with difficulty; he is exposed to all weathers, and he must cling to the
walls which he is building like a creeping plant. His clothes are in a
horrible state, and he washeth his body only once a day. The farmer
weareth always the same clothes. His voice is like the croak of a bird,
his skin is cracked by the wind; if he is healthy his health is that of
the beasts. If he be ill he lieth down among them, and he sleepeth on
the damp irrigated land. The envoy to foreign lands bequeatheth his
property to his children before he setteth out, being afraid that he
will be killed either by wild beasts of the desert or by the nomads
therein. When he is in Egypt, what then? No sooner hath he arrived at
home than he is sent off on another mission. As for the dyer, his
fingers stink like rotten fish, and his clothes are absolutely horrors.
The shoemaker is a miserable wretch. He is always asking for work, and
his health is that of a dying fish. The washerman is neighbour to the
crocodile. His food is mixed up with his clothes, and every member of
him is unclean. The catcher of water-fowl, even though he dive in the
Nile, may catch nothing. The trade of the fisherman is the worst of all.
He is in blind terror of the crocodile, and falleth among crocodiles."
The text continues with a few further remarks on the honourable
character of the profession of the scribe, and ends with a series of
Precepts of the same character as those found in the works of Ptah-hetep
and the scribe Ani, from which extracts have already been given.
IX. MEDICAL PAPYRI.--The Egyptians possessed a good practical knowledge
of the anatomy of certain parts of the human body, but there is no
evidence that they practised dissection before the arrival of the Greeks
in Egypt. The medical papyri that have come down to us contain a large
number of short, rough-and-ready descriptions of certain diseases, and
prescriptions of very great interest. The most important medical papyrus
known is that which was bought at Luxor by the late Professor Ebers in
1872-3, and which is now preserved in Leipzig. This papyrus is about 65
feet long, and the text is written in the hieratic character. It was
written in the ninth year of the reign of a king who is not yet
satisfactorily identified, but who probably lived before the period of
the rule of the eighteenth dynasty, perhaps about 1800 B.C. A short
papyrus in the British Museum contains extracts from it, and other
papyri with somewhat similar contents are preserved in the Museums of
Paris, Leyden, Berlin, and California.
X. MAGICAL PAPYRI.--The widespread use of magic in Egypt in all ages
suggests that the magical literature of Egypt must have been very
large. Much of it was incorporated at a very early period into the
Religious Literature of the country, and was used for legitimate
purposes, in fact for the working of what we call "white magic." The
Egyptian saw no wrong in the working of magic, and it was only condemned
by him when the magician wished to produce evil results. The gods
themselves were supposed to use spells and incantations, and every
traveller by land or water carried with him magical formulæ which he
recited when he was in danger from the wild beasts of the desert or the
crocodile of the river and its canals. Specimens of these will be found
in the famous magical papyri in the British Museum, _e.g._ the Salt
Papyrus, the Rhind Papyrus, and the Harris Papyrus. Under this heading
may be mentioned Papyrus Sallier IV in the British Museum, which
contains a list of lucky and unlucky days. Here is a specimen of its
contents:
1st day of Hathor. The whole day is lucky. There is festival in
heaven with Rā and Hathor.
2nd day of Hathor. The whole day is lucky. The gods go out. The
goddess Uatchet comes from Tep to the gods who are in the shrine of
the bull, in order to protect the divine members.
3rd day of Hathor. The whole day is lucky.
4th day of Hathor. The whole day is unlucky. The house of the man
who goes on a voyage on that day comes to ruin.
6th day of Hathor. The whole day is unlucky. Do not light a fire in
thy house on this day, and do not look at one.
18th day of Pharmuthi. The whole day is unlucky. Do not bathe on
this day.
20th day of Pharmuthi. The whole day is unlucky. Do not work on this
day.
22nd day of Pharmuthi. The whole day is unlucky. He who is born on
this day will die on this day.
23rd day of Pharmuthi. The first two-thirds of the day are unlucky,
and the last third lucky.
XI. LEGAL DOCUMENTS.--The first legal document written in Egypt was the
will of Rā, in which he bequeathed all his property and the inheritance
of the throne of Egypt to his first-born son Horus. Tradition asserted
that this Will was preserved in the Library of the Sun-god in
Heliopolis. The inscriptions contain many allusions to the Laws of
Egypt, but no document containing any connected statement of them has
come down to us. In the great inscription of Heruemheb, the last king of
the eighteenth dynasty, a large number of good laws are given, but it
must be confessed that as a whole the administration of the Law in many
parts of Egypt must always have been very lax. Texts relating to
bequests, endowments, grants of land, &c., are very difficult to
translate, because it is well-nigh impossible to find equivalents for
Egyptian legal terms. In the British Museum are two documents in
hieratic that were drawn up in connection with prosecutions which the
Government of Egypt undertook of certain thieves who had broken into
some of the royal tombs at Thebes and robbed them, and of certain other
thieves who had robbed the royal treasury and made away with a large
amount of silver (Nos. 10,221, 10,052, 10,053, and 10,054). Equally
interesting is the roll that describes the prosecution of certain highly
placed officials and relations of Rameses III who had conspired against
him and wanted to kill him. Several of the conspirators were compelled
to commit suicide. The text is written in hieratic on papyrus, and is
preserved in the Royal Museum, Leyden.
XII. HISTORICAL ROMANCES.--Examples of these are the narrative of the
capture of the town of Joppa in Palestine by an officer of Thothmes III,
and the history of the dispute that broke out between Seqenenrā, King of
Upper Egypt, and Āapepi, King of Avaris in the Delta. These are written
in hieratic and are preserved in the British Museum, in Harris Papyrus
500, and Sallier No. 1 (10,185).
XIII. MATHEMATICS.--The chief source of our knowledge of the Mathematics
of the Egyptians is the Rhind Papyrus in the British Museum (No.
10,057), which was written before 1700 B.C., probably during the reign
of one of the Hyksos kings. The papyrus contains a number of simple
arithmetical examples and several geometrical problems. The workings
out of these prove that the Egyptian spared himself no trouble in making
his calculations, and that he worked out both his arithmetical examples
and problems in the most cumbrous and laborious way possible. He never
studied mathematics in order to make progress in his knowledge of the
science, but simply for purely practical everyday work; as long as his
knowledge enabled him to obtain results which he knew from experience
were substantially correct he was content.
EDITIONS OF EGYPTIAN TEXTS,
TRANSLATIONS, &c.
AMÉLINEAU, E.--Morale Égyptien. Paris, 1892. 8vo.
BERGMANN, E.--Das Buch vom Durchwandeln der Ewigkeit. Vienna, 1877.
BIRCH, S.--Egyptian Texts from the Coffin of Amamu. London, 1886.
Egyptian Hieratic Papyrus of Rameses III. London, 1876.
BREASTED, J.H.--Ancient Records--Egypt. Chicago, 1906.
BRUGSCH, H.--Sieben Jahre der Hungersnoth. Leipzig, 1891.
Inscriptio Rosettana. Berlin, 1851.
Neue Weltordnung. Berlin, 1881.
Reise nach der grossen Oase. Leipzig, 1878.
Rhind's zwei Bilingue Papyri. Leipzig, 1865.
Shai an Sinsin. Berlin, 1851.
BUDGE, E.A. WALLIS.--Book of the Dead, Egyptian Texts,
Translation and Vocabulary, 2nd ed. London, 1909.
Papyrus of Ani. London, 1913.
Papyri of Hunefer, Anhai, Netchemet, Kersher, and Nu. London, 1899.
Hieratic Papyri. Texts and translations. London, 1910.
Book of Opening the Mouth, Liturgy of Funerary Offerings,
The Book of Am-Tuat, The Book of Gates. London, 1906-1909.
Legends of the Gods. London, 1912.
Annals of Nubian Kings. London, 1912.
Greenfield Papyrus. 1912.
DE HORRACK, P.J.--Les Lamentations d'Isis. Paris, 1866.
ERMAN, A.--Gespräch eines Lebensmüden. Berlin, 1896.
Die Märchen des Papyrus Westcar. Berlin, 1890.
GARDINER, A.H.--Egyptian Hieratic Texts, Part I. Leipzig, 1911.
The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage. Leipzig, 1909.
Die Erzählung des Sinuhe. Leipzig, 1904.
Die Klagen des Bauern. Leipzig, 1908.
GRÉBAUT, E.--Hymne à Ammon-Rā. Paris, 1874.
GRIFFITH, F. Ll.--Stories of the High Priests of Memphis. Oxford, 1900.
GOLENISCHEFF, W.--Die Metternichstele. Leipzig, 1877.
Le Conte du Naufragé. Cairo, 1912.
Les Papyrus Hiératiques. St. Petersburg, 1913.
JOACHIM, H.--Papyros Ebers. Berlin, 1890.
LEFÉBURE, E.--Le Mythe Osirien. Paris, 1874.
Traduction comparée des Hymnes. Paris, 1868.
LEGRAIN, G.--Livre des Transformations. Paris, 1890.
LIEBLEIN, J.--Le livre Égyptien, Que mon nom. Leipzig, 1895.
MASPERO, G.--Contes Populaires. Paris, 1912.
Une enquête judiciaire. Paris, 1872.
Études Égyptiennes. Tomm. I, II. Paris, 1883.
Du Genre Épistolaire. Paris, 1872.
Hymne au Nil. Paris, 1868, and Cairo, 1912.
Inscriptions des Pyramides de Saqqarah. Paris, 1894.
Mémoire sur quelques Papyrus. Paris, 1875.
Les Mémoires de Sinouhit. Cairo, 1908.
MÖLLER, G.--Die beiden Totenpapyrus Rhind. Leipzig, 1913.
MORET, A.--Le Rituel du Culte Divin. Paris, 1902.
MÜLLER, W.M.--Die Liebespoesie der alten Ägypter. Leipzig, 1899.
NAVILLE, E.--Das Aegyptische Todtenbuch. Berlin, 1886.
La Litanie du Soleil. Leipzig, 1875.
Papyrus Funéraires de la XXIe dynastie. Paris, 1912.
Textes relatifs an Mythe Horus. Geneva, 1870.
SCHACK-SCHACKENBURG, H.--Das Buch von den zwei Wegen. Leipzig, 1903.
SCHÄFER, H.--Die Aethiopische Königinschrift. Leipzig, 1901.
Ein Bruchstück altägyptischer Annalen. Berlin, 1902.
SCHIAPARELLI.--Libro dei Funerali. Turin, 1882.
SPIEGELBERG, W.--Der Sagenkreis des Königs Petubastis. Leipzig, 1910.
Das Demotische Totenbuch. Leipzig, 1910.
Der Papyrus Libbey. Strassburg, 1907.
Rechnungen aus der Zeit Setis I. Strassburg, 1896.
VIREY, PH.--Études sur le Papyrus Prisse. Paris, 1887.
VOGELSANG, F.--Die Klagen des Bauern. Leipzig, 1913.
WIEDEMANN, A.--Hieratische Texte aus den Museen zu Berlin
und Paris. Leipzig, 1879.
Magie und Zauberei. Leipzig, 1905.
Die Unterhaltung's Litteratur der alten Aegypter. Leipzig, 1902.
INDEX
Aa, 159, 165
Āakheperenrā, 103, 144
Āakheperkarā, 142, 145
Āamu, 108, 128, 161, 163
Āapep, 48, 68
Āapepi, 254
Āataka, 114
Aat-Beqt, 151
Aatti, 141, 142
Abana, 140
Abhat, 136
Abtu Fish, 48
Abu, 73, 83, 86, 87, 128, 130, 132, 165
--products of, 85
Abydos, 44, 45, 47, 65, 99, 127, 138, 245, 246, 249
valley of, 200
Acacia, 46, 61, 201
and river, 202
cut down, 203, 206
Acacias, the two, 205
Africanus, 98
Aged God, 15, 48
Ahnas al-Madīnah, 170
Āina, 113
Air-god, 16
air supply, 43
Akert, 44, 46, 65, 115, 221
Akeru, 21
Akhet, 62, 64, 134, 151, 155
Aku, 156
Alasa, 194
Ale, 19
Alexander the Great, 71
--II, 250
Alexandria, 88
Library of, 98
Al-Kab, 140, 143
Altar stands, 147
Am, 90
Amam, 128, 132, 133, 134
Am-as, 13
Amasis I, 140, 143
--the naval officer, 140 ff.
Amasis Pen-Nekheb, 143 ff.
Amen, 60, 67, 70, 93, 103, 104, 105, 111, 117, 146, 147, 185, 187,
188, 189, 193, 194, 216, 217, 219, 220, 247
--Father, 119
--of Sīwah, 71
Amenemhat I, 155, 162
--II, 155
--III, 99
Amen-hetep I, 142, 144
Ameni Amen-āa, 213
--Amenemhat, 135 ff
Amen-ka-mutef, 218
Amen-Rā; 68, 76, 106, 110, 115, 145, 148, 164, 185, 186, 189, 190,
192, 193, 218, 219, 249, 250
Hymn to, 214 ff.
Amen-shefit, 147
Amentamat, 186, 187, 192
Amentet, 46, 49, 50, 61, 149, 153, 164
Amenti, 248
Amenuserhat, 190
Ames sceptre, 215
Amhet, 49
Am-khent, 13
Ammaau, 134
Ammon, 67, 71
Ammuiansha, 157, 161
Amsu, 151
Amtes, 128
Amulets, 41, 43, 246
Am-urtet, 153
An, 45, 46, 63, 65
An instrument, 15
Anatomy, 252
Ancestor-god, 70
Anebuheq, 156
Ani; 216, 218
Maxims of, 228
papyrus of, 44, 45
Ānkh Psemthek, 88
Ānkh-taui, 151, 152
Ānkhu, 238
Anmutef, 20
Annals of Thothmes III, 104
Annana, 207
Anointing, 13
Anpu, 15, 69, 196, 197 ff.
Anqet, 85
Anrekh, 64
Anrutef, 47, 81
Ant Fish, 48
Āntchmer, 155
Antef, 137, 138
Antes, 46
Āntet Boat, 218
Anti, 142, 143
Antiu, 106, 109, 141
Āntti Boat, 222
Antuf, 242
Anu (Heliopolis), 15, 20, 24, 36, 37, 43, 45, 48, 61, 214, 217,
218, 220, 222
Anubis, 15, 33, 50, 60, 69, 149
Ape-gods, 49
Apes, 212
spirits of dawn, 218
Apet, 29, 30, 32
Aphroditopolis, 128, 130
Apollinopolis, 78
Apts, 118, 143, 147, 148, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218
Apuur, 236, 239, 240
Aqen, 101
Aqert, 64
Ara, 132
Arabia, 93, 215
Aram Naharayim, 109
Archers (stars), 21
Arm rings, 23
Arniau, 154
Aroeris, 164
Arsu, 110
Arthet, 128, 131, 133
Artheth, 133
Asbatau, 112
Asemt, 142
Ashtoreth, 78
Asi, 108
Asia, 108
Asiatics, 108, 238
Asri, 170
Ass, eater of, 48
Assa, 4, 134, 135, 224
Asten, 2
Astronomy, 1
Aswān, 83, 131
Atef Crown, 54, 111, 115, 215
Atem, 61, 67
Aten, 61, 62
Athettaui, 166
Athi-taui, 117
Aukehek, 144
Aukert, 54
Aunab, 90
Ausares, 68
Avaris, 140, 141, 256
Baba, 53
Badhilu, 185
Baiufrā, 27, 29
Balance; 23, 54
heaven weighed in; 47
keeper of, 50
--of Truth, 247
Bandlets, 16, 23
Baqanau, 112
Barber, 251
Barley, 34, 45
Bata, 196, 197, 204, 205
Baurtet, 134, 135
Beautiful Face, 218, 220
Beer, 203
drinking of, 229
--of Hathor, 73
Bees, 251
Beetle, sacred, 91
Befen, 88
Befent, 89
Behutet, 82
Bekhten, Princess of, 92 ff.
Benben Stone, 216, 217
Beni-hasan, 135
Bentresht, 93, 95
Benu bird, 43, 45, 91
Bequests, 254
Betti, 56
Betu incense, 28
Birds, sacred, 52
Black Fiends, 68
Blacks, 128, 129
character of, 102
edict against, 101, 102
hand of, 110
Blacksmiths, 78, 81, 251
Blasphemy, 53, 72
Blood in beer, 73
of Isis, 56
Boat, magical, 43
--of Amen, 191
--of Amen-Rā, 185, 193
Boat of Millions of Years, 77, 91, 92
--of Rā; 123
two Boats of Rā, 123
--of Rā-Harmakhis, 78
--of the Sun, 234, 246
Book, Am Tuat, 244
--boxes, 7
--"May my name," 250
--of Āapep, 250
--of Breathings, 40, 59 ff.
--of Gates, 246
--of knowing how Rā, 68
--of making splendid, 64 ff.
--of Opening the Mouth, 13, 38
--of overthrowing Āapepi, 67 ff.
--of Proverbs, 224
--of Psalms, 241
--of slaying the Hippopotamus, 78
--of the Dead; 4, 6, 29, 37 ff. 41
the Recensions of, 39 ff.
summary of Chapters of, 42 ff.
Græco-Roman Books, 59 ff.
hieratic, 4
hieroglyphic, 40
--of the Two Ways, 244
--of Traversing Eternity, 40, 61
--of Wisdom, 224
Books, 2
magical, 30
--of Thoth, 2
study of, 230
Bread cakes, 45
Bronze, 238
Brugsch, Dr. H., 9
Builder, 251
Bull, the ship, 140
--skin of, 14
Bulls, sacrifice of, 15
Burial, 232
Bushel, 52
Busiris, 39, 44, 46, 61
Buto, 92
Byblos, 186, 187, 195, 238
Byssus, 191, 243
Cairo, 4, 15, 169
Cake for journey, 17
Cakes, 19
Calf, sucking, 14
Canopus, 112
Caravans, 119
Carnelian, 238
Cataract, first, 73, 83, 116
Cedar, oil of, 18
wood of, 185
Champollion, J.F., 37, 92
Charcoal, 6
Charms, 41
Chattering, 229
Cheops, 25, 27
Children of Horus, 220
Christianity in Egypt, 39
Christians, Egyptian, 7, 68
Circuit of Great Circuit, 109
City of Amen, 220
--Eternity, 161
Cleopatra, 183
Coffins, inscribed, 4
Collar, 16
amulet of, 43
Coming forth by day, 43
Company of gods, the great, 218
Conspiracy, 254
Copper, 114
sulphate of, 6
Coptos, 113, 136
Copts, 7, 68
Cord for land measuring, 85
Cord-master, 22
Cow-goddess, 73, 74
Cow, the celestial, 74
Creation, story of, 67 ff.
Crocodile-god, 175
Crocodile of W.E.S. and N., 57
--waxen, 25-7
seizes a servant, 35, 36
transformation into, 43
spells against, 42
Crocodilopolis, 124
Crown, the Double, 80
the Red, 23
the White, 23, 215, 216
Crusher of bones, 53
Cush, 102, 142
Cymbals, 33
Cyprus, 108, 194
Dance, 134
Dancing women, 33
Darkness, 68
Daughters of Nile-god, 220
Day, 17
right eye of Rā, 220
Days, lucky and unlucky, 253
Dead hand, 224, 244
--the blessed, 244
Death, 234
god of, 14, 43, 154
messenger of, 229
the second, 43, 44
Decapitation, 43
Deceit, 46, 47
Deeds, good, 230
Dekans, the Thirty-Six, 46, 62
Delta, 39, 44, 57, 77, 79, 81, 82, 92, 102, 105, 117, 128, 237,
245, 254
Demotic writing, 1
Dēr al-Baharī, 146
Destiny, 220
Dhir, 185, 186
Diligence, 227
Diocletian, 97
Disk, 165, 200
Dissection, 252
Documents, legal, 7
Dog-god, 15
Dog-star, 20, 24
D'Orbiney, 196
Double, the, 11, 16
Drafts, 7
Drunkard, 228, 229
Dwarf, 91
dancing, 133
Dyer,252
Earth-god, 22, 24, 44, 47, 69
Earth Serpent, 221
--the wife of Rā, 220
East, Souls of, 43
Ebers, Dr. G., 252
Ebony box, 26
--paddles, 28
Ecclesiasticus, 224
Edfū, 77, 78, 82
Egypt, invasion of, 116 ff.
wisdom of, 2
Eight gods, 120
Eileithyiaspolis, 43, 47, 140
Elephantine, 83, 102, 128, 130, 132, 165
Elephants' tusks, 212
Elysian Fields, 40, 41, 42, 45
Embalmment, ritual of, 247
Endowments, 254
Enemies in Tuat, 42
Enemy, Serpent, 47
Envoy, 251
Erman, Prof. E., 25
Euphrates, 108
Eusebius, 98
Evening Boat, 48
Evil, god of, 2
Executioner of Osiris, 43
Eye of Horus, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 24,
the two eyes, 17
--of Khepera, 70
--of Rā, 46, 55, 72, 223
--of Nebertcher, 69
Eye paint, 13, 212
Eyes of Rā, 248
Falcon, 21
Famine, the Seven Years', 83
Farāfrah, 169
Farmer, 226, 251
Father Rā, 123
Fayyūm, 121
Fenkhu, 102, 164
Ferryman, the celestial, 43
Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys, 62
Festivals, duty of keeping, 228
Field of Offerings, 24, 60
--grasshoppers, 54, 60
Fields of Turquoise, 64
Fig tree, 241
Fire, 232, 245
--House of, 215
--Island of, 43
--Lake of, 22
Flint, box of, 32
Fog-fiend, 68
Followers of Horus, 48, 78
Food celestial, 47
Foods, 11
Fountain of the Sun, 123
Fowler, 252
Frog-goddess, 33
Funeral, Chapter of, 42
Funerary Ritual, 37
Gardiner, Mr. A.H., 240
Gates of Tuat, 60
Gazelle, 15
Gebel Barkal, 116, 119, 125
Geese, 15, 20
Gīzah, 126
Glue for papyrus, 6
Goatskin, 4
God, 238
devotion to, 231
origin of, 42
Gods, Great Company of, 15
--Legends of; 71 ff.
of cardinal points, 21
origin of, 217
the Eighteen, 20
the Forty-two, 51
the Two Great, 24
God-house, 147, 148
Gold, 48
from Sūdān; 135
of valour, 140, 141
Goose, 89
a dead, restored, 31
Gourds, 209
Grain, an emanation of Rā, 220
Granite, 85, 131
Grants of land, 254
Great Bear, 20
--Circuit, 108
--Door, 188, 206
--Gate, 163
--God, 50
--Judgment, 50, 53, 247
--Green, 109, 113, 123, 217
--Hall, 60, 218
--Hawk, 218
--High Mouth, 111
--House, 15, 83, 161, 166, 215
--River, 112
--Scales, 50
--Throne, 147
Greyhounds, 212
Gum, 6
Hair of Bata's wife, 202
Hait, 185
Hall of Keb, 60, 248
--of Judgment, 50, 247
--of Maāti, 51, 53
--of Shu, 60
--of Truth, 55, 60, 248
--of Tuat, 42
Hammāmāt, 113
Hap-Asar, 149
Happiness, 232
Harmakhis, 46, 248
Harper, Song of, 242
Harris Papyrus, No. 1, 110
--No. 500, 241, 242, 254
Hasau, 112
Hathaba, 194
Hathor, 21, 72, 73, 114, 134, 164, 165, 248, 253
--month of, 253
--Sekhmet, 72
Hathors, the Seven, 202
Hatshepset, 145
Haughtiness, 226
Haunebu, 102
Hawk, golden; 43
divine, 43
the Great, 91
Hawks, 20
Head, lifting up of, 44
Headsman of Osiris, 43
Heart, 50
amulet of the, 42
of Bata, 201
of bull, 15
Chapters of, 42
of a man, 230
restoration of, 44
Heart-scarabs, 51
Heat in body, 44
Heaven, solar, 39
Heavens, the Two, 23
Heben, 79
Hebit, 248
Hebrews, 241
Heh, 101
Height, 19
Heliopolis, 15, 24, 32, 36, 39, 43, 46, 48, 52, 61, 70, 72, 123,
220, 222, 235, 245, 248
Heliopolitans, 67
Hememet, 219
Hensu, 47, 53, 73, 117, 121, 170, 171, 175
Henu Boat, 46
Hep, 85, 86, 176
Heqet, 33, 34
Herakleopolis, 47, 73, 81, 117, 121, 170, 171, 175
Herānkh, 149, 150, 151
Herfhaf, 54
Her-Heru, 186, 190, 193
Herit, 156
Herkemmaāt, 56
Herkhuf, autobiography of, 131 ff.
Hermonthis, 123
Hermopolis, 39, 43, 50, 53, 60, 84, 117, 119
Parva, 85
Hermopolitans, 67
Heron, 43
Hert, 19
Herua, 207
Heru-Behutet, Legend of, 78 ff.
Heru-uatu, 166
Heruemheb, 254
Heru-Hekenu, 77
Herukhentisemti, 114
Heru-Khuti, 45, 46, 111, 220
Herushefit, 178
Herutataf, 29, 30, 31, 33, 50, 242
Heru-ur, 164
Het Benben, 123
--Benu, 117-19
Hetkaptah, 45, 112, 149, 220
Het-neter-Sebek, 117
Het Nub, 130, 131, 146
Hetra, 247
Het Sekhmet, 34
--Suten, 117
Het Uārt, 140
Hieratic writing, 1
Hieroglyphic writing, 1
Hieroglyphs, 220
Hippopotami, 78
Holy Land, 45
--of Holies, 146
Honey, 159
Horizon, 30
Horus, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 33, 44, 48, 53, 56, 65, 69,
77, 80, 85, 88, 91, 110, 111, 137, 149, 151, 162, 164, 165,
218, 220, 254,
birth of, 90
children of, 221
--of Behutet, Legend of, 77 ff.
--of the East, 164, 218
--stung and restored to life, 90, 92
Horus-Set, 14
Horus the Slayer, 104
House, building of, 43
--of Amen, 113
--of Benben, 216
--of Books, 98
--of Fire, 215
--of Ka of Seker, 149
--of Life, 84
--of Seneferu, 100
--of Shent, 154
Humility, 227
Hunefer, Papyrus of, 45
Hyksos, 254
Hymn, funerary, 47
in praise of learning, 250
--to Nut, 18
to Rā, 18
Hymns to gods, 12, 214-21
Ibis-god, 84
Illahūn, 121
Imhetep, 84, 129, 242
Immortality, 38
Imouthis, 84
Incantations, 41
Incarnation, 11, 13, 249
Incense, 13, 218
Ink, 6
red and black, 4
Ink-pots, 7
Iron, 15
spear and chain, 78
Isis, 33, 34, 43, 46, 65, 69, 75, 80, 81, 85, 88, 89, 91, 92, 97,
109, 149
--and Rā, Legend of, 74 ff.
Isis, blood of, 56
--speech of, 63
--wanderings of, 87 ff.
Island of Elephantine, 83
--of Fire, 43
--of Osiris, 54
Islands of the Blest, 244
--Mediterranean, 164
Israel, 224, 240
It, 151
Jackal-God, 15
Joppa, capture of, 254
Joseph, 83
Judge of the dead, 2
Judges, the Forty-two, 42, 52 ff.
Judgment Hall of Osiris, 42
--the Great, 2
KA, 11, 16
of Osiris, 45
Kaau, 128
Kadesh, 104
Kaheni, 123
Kamur, 157
Kamutef, 76, 214
Karnak, 118, 147, 148, 214, 215
Kash, 102, 103, 114, 135, 142, 144, 207
Keb, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 33, 44, 60, 62, 72, 74, 85, 111,
151, 220
Keeper of the Balance, 50
Kefti, 108
Kenset, 146
Kepuna, 186, 238
Kerkut, 20
Kersher, 59
Ketu, 108
Khāemennefer, 140
Khāemuast, 192
Khāfrā, 25, 36
Khāhap, 151, 154
Khākaurā, 101
Khākhepersenb, 235, 236
Khākhut, 146
Khānefer Merenrā, 130, 131
Khānēs, 170
Khartūm, 102
Kharu, 185
Khemenu, 22, 92, 95
Khensu-nefer-hetep, Legend of, 92 ff.
Khensu-paari-sekherenuast, 95 ff.
Khenthennefer, 141, 142
Khentiaaush, 164
Khent Keshu, 164
Khenti Amentiu, 65
Khepera, 47, 55, 68, 69, 70, 76, 121, 215
Kheperkarā, 135, 162
Khepra-Set, 111
Kheprer, 19
Kherāha, 46, 53, 218
Kher-Heb priest, 13, 25, 27, 63, 84, 131, 132, 151
Khert Nefer, 132, 148
Khet, 142
Khnemetast, 155
Khnemet-heru, 142
Khnemu; 33, 34, 39, 43, 50, 60, 137, 151, 201, 202, 222, 238
Legend of, 83 ff.
Khuenanpu, story of, 169 ff.
Khufu, 25, 27, 29, 30, 35, 36, 50, 242
Khuna, 133
Khut serpent, 108
Khuti, 218
Kīnā, 104
King an incarnation of God, 11
Kingdom of Osiris, 42, 45
Kummah, 101
Kutut, 112
Labu, 112
Ladder, 21
Lady of Plague, 175
--of the Stars, 167
Lake of Fire, 22
--of Kamur, 157
--of Neserser, 220
--of the North, 79
--of Seneferu, 156
--of Truth, 54
Lamentations; 238
of Isis and Nephthys, 62
Land of the Blacks, 100
--of everlasting Life, 41
--of Oxen, 169
--of Souls, 247
--of Spirits, 134
--of the God, 108, 113, 125
Lapis-lazuli, 50, 64, 218, 238
powdered, 6
Lasmersekni, 117
Laughter, 238
Law, the, 254
Law-goddess, 47
Lepsius, Dr. R., 28, 37
Letopolis, 91, 151
Letopolites, 32
Letters, business, 7
Leyden, 237, 242
Learning, value of, 250
Lebanon, 189, 190, 191
Library, 8
of Heliopolis, 154
Libyans, 109, 112, 156
Lies, 40
Life, everlasting, 44, 55
--fluid of, 16
Light-god, 43, 46
Light-soul, 74
Lightning, 250
Lime, white, 6
Limestone, slabs of, for writing upon, 7
Lion, 32
Lists, 7
Litany, 45
of Osiris, 42
Liturgy of Funerary Offerings, 16, 17, 38
--of Opening the Mouth, 13
Lord of Silence, 171
--of Truth, 183
--of Winds, 54
Lotus, 43
Louvre, 247
Love Songs, 241
Luck, 220
Luxor, 118, 148, 215, 252
temple of, 93
Maāt, 44, 47, 48
Maātet, 88, 89
Maāti, the Two, 51
Maātka, 126
Maātkarā, 144, 145, 146
Magic, 26, 252, 253
Magical papyri, 252
Magicians, stories of, 25 ff.
Maka, 164
Makamāru, 186
Maker of Truth, 218
Malachite, 27
Mandrakes, 73
Manetho, 98
Mankind, destruction of, 71
Manu, Land of, 47, 48
Mariette, A., 10
Mashuashau, 112
Maspero, Prof. G., 10
Matcha, 128, 131
Matchau, 214
Mātet, 123
Mathematics, 254
Maxims of Ani, 228
Medicine, 252
Mediterranean, 79, 83, 109
Megiddo, Conquest of, 103
Mehen, 215, 218
Mehetch, 135, 136
Mehturit, 76
Mekes, 215
Mekher, 133
Melons, 209
Memory, 42
Memphis, 25, 45, 84, 112, 121, 122, 127, 133, 149, 151, 152, 153,
220, 224, 225, 245
capture of, 122
cakes of, 62
Men, creation of, 74, 217
Menats, 167
Menes, 38
Menkabuta, 185
Menkaurā, 4, 36, 38, 50, 126
Menkheperrā, 144, 145
Menth, 123
Menthu, 104, 161, 164, 165
Mentiu, 141
Menu, 151, 164
Menu-Amen, 215
Menus, 164
Mera, 86
Meremaptu, 207
Merenrā, 9, 130, 131, 132
Mernat, 170
Mer-Tem, 117
Mertet-Ament, 79
Meru, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 178, 184
Mesentiu, 13
Meskha, 23
instrument, 15
Meskhenet, 33, 34
Mesopotamia, 6, 92, 106, 144
Messiah, 237
Mest, 123
Mestet, 88, 89
Mestetef, 88, 89
Mesu Betshet, 48
Metal workers, 251
Meter, 83, 84 ff.
Methen, 109
Metternich Stele, 88
Mist, 68
Mitani, 109
Monkeys, 212
Monsters, 246
Moon, creation of, 69
Moon-god, 48
Moral character, 231
--rectitude, 246
Morning Boat, 47, 48
--Star, 24
Mother, duty to, 230
Mouth, Opening the, 11, 13, 42
Muhammad Āli, 88
Muller, 7
Mummification, 247
Mummy, 55
chamber, 40, 42
Murder, 52
Mycerinus, 38
Myrrh, 168, 211, 218
Nak serpent, 215
Name, a word of power, 69
--of Rā, 75
Napata, 119, 125
Natron, 14, 218
incense of, 38
Nāu, 57
Nebertcher, 44, 49, 53, 68, 69, 70, 121, 162, 167
Nebka, 25, 26, 27
Nebkaurā, 173, 184
Nebpehtirā, 140, 144
Nebt Amehet, 164
--Ānkh, 218
--hetepet, 248
Nebun, 88
Necklaces, 147
Nectanebus I, 88, 246
Neferbaiu, 164
Neferefrā, 127
Nefer-hetep, 242
Neferit, 155
Neferkarā, 134
Nefert, 169
Nefert-ari-karā, 127
Neferu Rā, 93-144
Nefrus, 117
Negative Confession, 61
Nehai, 248
Neharina, 143, 144
Nehern, 92, 106
Neith, 124
Neka, 220
Nekau, 156, 222
Nekheb, 127, 131, 140
Nekhebet, 60, 79, 82, 162, 248
Nekhen, 43, 47, 127, 128, 131
Nekhtnebtepnefer, 139
Nemart, 117, 119, 120
Nemes, 215
Nephthys, 33, 34, 69, 85, 90, 91, 109, 149
speech of, 63
Neserser, 220
Neshem Boat, 60
Nessubanebtet, 185, 186, 188, 191
Net to snare souls, 43
Netchemtchemānkh, 85
Night, 17
left eye of Rā, 220
Nile, 47, 65, 76, 82, 84, 85, 112, 122, 123, 165, 216, 220, 221, 237
the celestial, 23
floods of, 136, 137
god of, 86, 176, 220
heights of, 100
springs of, 83
water of, 5
Nine Bows, 106
--Gods, 111, 214
Nomes, 238
the Forty-two, 51
North Island, 129
Nose, 53
Nu, 24, 68, 69, 72, 86, 220
Nubia, 77, 78, 82, 83, 97, 102, 103, 106, 114, 116, 125, 135, 142,
144, 145, 146, 208
Nubians, 119, 155, 214, 215, 218
Nubt, 167
Nubti, 123, 220
Numbers, invention of, 1
Nut, 16, 18, 20, 33, 44, 46, 47, 69, 72, 74, 85, 164
as a cow, 73
Oasis of Farāfrah, 169
--of Sīwah, 71
Obedience, 227
Obelisks, 147
Ochre, 6
Offerings, efficacy of, 38, 247
to God, 230
Oils, 18
Ombos, 123
On (_see_ Anu), 15, 217
One, 217
Onions, 17
Opening of the Mouth, 152
Opportunity, 228
Orion, 23
Osiris, 14, 15, 21, 22, 24, 33, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 50, 54,
55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 67, 69, 85, 111, 151, 153,
163, 171, 244, 246
accused by Set, 2
death and resurrection of, 12
Hymn to, 42, 44, 45, 221
Island of, 54
Khenti Amenti, 61, 127
Litany to, 42
murder of, 87
mummy of, 91
tomb of, 81
Un-Nefer, 44
Other World, 10, 11, 16, 17, 42, 45, 216, 219, 244
guides to, 224
Oxyrrhynchus, 119
Paints, 6
Palermo Stone, 99
Palestine, 254
Palette, 2, 6
Panopolis, 151
Panther skins, 212
Paper, Egyptian, 4
Papyrus, 4, 191
how made into paper, 5
swamps, 88
Parchment, 4, 7
Pasherenptah, 152
Pa-Sui, 88
Pāt beings, 206, 218
Patchetku, 140
Pautti, 57, 68, 222, 223
Pectoral amulet, 147
Pellegrini, 100
Pe, 43
Pen, quill, or steel, 7
Pen-Amen, 191, 192
Pepi I, 9, 18, 19, 24, 127
--II, 9, 133
Perfefa, 170
Perfumer, 243
Per-Metchet, 117-19
Pernebtepahet, 117
Per-pek, 119
Per-Rehu, 79
Persea Tree, 54
Per Sekhem Kheper Rā, 117
Perseverance, 230
Pert, 32, 80, 101, 153
Pesh-Kef, 13
Pet, 19
Pe-Tep, 43, 92
Peta-Bast, 152, 153
Petamennebtnesttaui, 124
Peten, 157
Petet, 88, 89
Pharaoh, 93, 127, 189, 202
Pharaohs, 71
Pharmuthi, 253
Philae, 102
Phœnicia, 108
Phœnix, 45
Piānkhi invades Egypt, 116 ff.
Picture writing, 1
Pillow amulet, 43
Planets, 62
Pleasure, 243
Ploughing, 197
Poetical compositions, 241
Polisher, 6
Pomegranate, 241
Pool of the South, 54
Potsherds, 7
Power of Powers, 23
Prayers, 41
for the dead, 12
Priests, funerary, 9
Prisse d'Avennes, 92
Prophets, Hebrew, 200
Ptah, 25, 43, 60, 67, 70, 84, 111, 121, 151, 152, 153, 214, 219,
220, 248
Ptah-hetep, 225, 228
Precepts of, 224
Ptah-Seker-Osiris, 40
Ptah-Seker-Tem, 45
Ptah-Shepses, 126
Ptolemaïs, 151
Ptolemy II, 98
--Philopator, 149
Puarma, 117, 224
Pumpkins, 209
Punt, 113, 134, 135, 147, 164, 211, 214, 215
Purastau, 112
Pygmy, 133, 134
Pylons of Tuat, 42
Pyramid, the Great, 242
--Texts, 9, 38
Pyramids, 36, 238
futility of, 232
Qaiqashau, 112
Qakabu, 207
Qanefer, 155
Qarabana, 112
Qebti, 136
Qebtit, 113
Qehequ, 112, 114
Qerti, 53, 85
Qetem, 157, 162
Qetma, 164
Qett, 113
Rā, 18, 20, 21, 24, 32, 34, 36, 39, 43, 47, 48, 54, 55, 58, 60, 61, 62,
64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 84, 85, 89, 91, 92, 103,
111, 115, 116, 123, 146, 149, 162, 164, 165, 167, 176, 199, 214,
215, 216, 218, 219, 222, 234, 236, 253
titles of, 75
Rā and Isis, Legend of, 74
--three sons of, 33-6
--Will of, 253
Raau, 127
Rā Harmakhis, 77, 199, 200, 201, 202, 222
Rain clouds, 68
Rā-Khepera, 221
Ram, 91
Ram-god, 152
Rameses II, 92, 96, 99
--III, 254
summary of reign of, 110 ff.
--IV, 115, 116
--IX, 192
Rāqet, 149, 153
Rāqetit, 149
Rastau, 43, 49, 53, 54, 153
Rāuser, 33, 34, 35
Reant, 140
Re-birth, 14
Receipts, 7
Recensions of Book of the Dead, 39
Red Country, 138
--Fiends, 68
--Mountain, 156
--Sea, 113, 208
--water, 51
Reed for writing, 2, 7, 6
Register, 85
of heaven, 2
Reincarnation, 70
Rekhit, 216
Rekhti, 137
Rennet, 86
Rensi, 170-84
Respect for elders, 229
Resurrection, 59, 62, 88
Retenu, 108
Rethenu, 143
Rhind Papyrus, 253, 254
Ritual of Divine Cult, 248, 249
--of Embalmment, 247
River and Acacia, 202
Robbery of temples, 51
Romances, 254
Rubric, 56
Rut-tetet, 32-6
Sa, 216
Sacrifices, 247
Saah, 23
Sāara, 112
Sāhal, 83
Sāhu, 14
Sahurā, 126
Saïs, 122, 124, 245
Sakhabu, 32
Sakkārah, 4, 9, 10, 245
Salt Papyrus, 253
Salvation, 59
Sameref, 13
Sanctuary of God, 229
Sandals, town of, 88
Sanehat, travels of, 155 ff.
Sapti, 32
Sarābit al-Khādim, 208
Satet, 141
Satiu, 156, 157
Scarab, the heart, 50
Scents, 11
Sceptre; 14
amulet of, 43
School, 231
schools, 7
Scorpions, the Seven, 88
Scribe, 2, 230, 257
Scriptures, 7
Seal, clay, 7
Seasons, 1
Sea of Truth, 172
Seba, a devil, 48, 63, 215, 223
Sebek, 164
Sebur, 15
Sehetepabrā, 155, 157
Seker, 43, 44, 46, 49, 221
--Boat, 46
--Osiris, 149
Sekhem, 91, 151
Sekhet Aaru, 41, 45, 74
--Hemat, 169, 170, 184
--Hetep, 41, 74
Sekhmet, 157, 175, 248
Sektet, 123
--Boat, 218
Sekti, 73
Sem, 13
Seman, 14
Semnah, 101
Semsuu, 164
Semt Ament, 44
Semti, 38
Seneferu, 27, 28, 29, 100, 156
Senmut, 208
Senut, 151
Sep, 13
Sept, 57, 85
Septet, 20
Seqenenrā, 140, 254
Serapis, 149
Serpent 30 cubits long, 209
Serpents, spells against, 43
Serqet, 57, 91, 220
Set, 13, 15, 18, 20, 21, 33, 48, 65, 68, 69, 79, 80, 81, 87, 88, 90,
92, 218, 220
--vilifies Osiris, 2
Setcher, 128
Setem, 63
Seti I, 71, 99, 246, 247, 249
Set-nekht, 111
Setu, 133
Shadow, 192
Shaiqaemanu, 123
Shaiu, 112
Sharhana, 141
Shartanau, 110, 112, 114
Shasu, 112, 144
Sheepskin, 4
Shēkh of caravans, 131
Shemmu, 76, 151, 152
Shemit, 50
Shent, 154
Shepherd of Israel, 240
Shepseskaf, 126
Shert, 129
Shesmu, 22
Ship, 208
wreck of, 208
Shipwrecked traveller, story of, 207 ff.
Shoemaker, 252
Shu, 16, 60, 61, 69, 72, 74, 85, 86, 220
--Hymn to, 222
Sidon, 189
Silence, 227, 231
Silver-gold, 146
Sinai, 102, 114, 145, 208
Sistra, 33, 167
Sīwah, 71
Six Great Houses, 127
Skin for writing, 4, 7
Sky-goddess, 18, 20, 44, 47, 69
Slaughter, 43
Smait fiends, 81
Smamiu, 65
Smaur, 24
Smen, 21, 248
Smen Heru, 151
Smendes, 185
Smer, 13
Snakes, 43
Soane Museum, 247
Solomon, 224
Somaliland, 93, 215
Song of Solomon, 241
--the Harper, 242
Sothis, 20, 24, 85
Soul, 46
of God, 43
of Rā, 45
of Shu, 61
rejoining body, 43
talk with, 231
Souls of Anu, 20, 43
of East, 43
of Khemenu, 43
of Nekhen, 43
of Pe, 43
of West, 43
Spells, 12, 41, 250
against crocodiles, 57
engraved, 43
Spirit-soul, 18, 44
Spirit-souls, 22
the Four, 21
Spirits, evil, 246
of heaven, 61
--of offerings, 11
Stanley, Sir H.M., 25
Star-gods, 21, 46
Stars, 62
imperishable, 24
Sti, 141
Stinking Face, 53, 80
Stone for writing upon, 4
Stonemason, 251
Stone of Abu, 85
of Truth, 60
Stone-splitter, 25
Storm, 208
Storm-god, 189
Stumbling in Tuat, 43
Sūdān, 4, 100, 133, 145, 165, 207, 215
Sin, 49
Sui, 56
Sun-god, 15, 18, 19, 39, 57, 68, 70, 199, 200, 245, 250
Hymn to, 42, 220
Sutekh, 189
Suten ta hetep, 149
Swallow, 43
Sycamore, 89, 241
Syene, 165
Symbols, writing, 1
Syria, 102, 108, 114, 125, 129, 143, 185, 192, 238
Table of Offerings, 18
Taboo, 51, 56, 57
Tafnekht, 117, 119, 121, 123, 124
Taha, 88
Taherstanef, 44
Tait, 113
Taiutchait, 117
Tale of Two Brothers, 196 ff.
Talismans, 147
Talk, subjects of, 230
Tamera, 53, 110, 111, 112, 164, 167
Tambourines, 64
women, 152
Tanauna, 112
Tanis, 81, 185
Tashenatit, 59
Taskmasters, 50
Taste, 220
Ta-sti, 77, 106, 109
Ta-tchesert, 47, 48, 64
Ta-tehen, 119
Ta-Tenn, 115
Tatu (Busiris), 44, 45, 46, 61
Tatunen, 47
Tax gatherers, 7
Tchah, 108, 144
Tchakar-Bāl, 186, 193
Tchakaru, 185, 194
Tchal, 81
Tchān, 185
Tchār, 81
Tchatchamānkh, 27, 28, 29, 34, 36
Tchatchau, 50, 164
Tcheser, 242
and famine, 183
Tcheserkarā, 142, 144
Tcheser tcheseru, 146
Tcheser-tep, 22
Tefen, 88, 89
Tefnut, 18, 69, 72, 89, 220, 222
Tehnah, 119
Tehuti (god), 1
--autobiography of, 145 ff.
--em heb, 93
--Nekht, 170-4
Tem, Temu, 19, 22, 39, 56, 57, 60, 67, 76, 77, 91, 111, 116, 121,
123, 164, 215, 218, 221, 223
Temple of Aged One, 48
--of Millions of Years, 146
Temple of the Soul, 47
Temu-Heru-Khuti, 217
Temu Khepera, 218
Tenen, 154
Tep, 253
Terres, 133
Tet amulet of Isis, 43, 56
--pillar, 43, 151
Teta, 9, 127
--the magician, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36
Tetaān, 142
Tet-Seneferu, 29, 30
Thaiemhetep, 149 ff.
Thakra, 112
Thebans, 67
Thebes, 68, 79, 92, 93, 104, 109,
118, 119, 161, 165, 194, 219,
220, 241, 242, 245, 249
Thehenu, 109, 156;
oil of, 18
Thekansh, 117
Themeh, 128, 133, 157
Themehu, 156
Thenn, 165
Thennu, 159, 160, 162
Thent Amen, 185, 188, 191
--Mut, 194
Thenttaāmu, 141
Thes, 138
Thest, 129
Thetet, 88, 89
Thetha, Autobiography of, 137 ff.
Thieves, prosecution of, 254
This, 138
Thoth, 1-4, 13, 29, 30, 32, 37, 43,
45, 47, 48, 50, 55, 56, 60, 61, 67,
78, 82, 84, 87, 88, 91, 92, 120,
151, 176, 207, 218, 220, 222, 248
city of, 39
Thothmes I, 103, 144, 145
--II, 102, 103, 144
--III, 99, 103, 106, 144, 145, 154
Throne, crystal, 24
Thunders, 250
Thunderstorm, 18
Tomb, 42, 242
Tongue, 230
Transformations, 43
Transmutation of offerings, 17, 49
Tree of Life, 220
Triad, 69
Truth, 47, 48, 66, 218, 221, 236, 249
Truth, goddess of, 61
--Hall of, 60
--Lake of, 54
--Stone of, 60
Tuat, 11, 41, 43, 60, 61, 115, 219, 244, 245, 247
chamber, 17, 123, 151
described, 40, 56
Tuataua ships, 100
Tuauf, Precepts of, 250
Tuf, 20
Turin Papyri, 37, 99
Turquoise, 238
Two Brothers, the, 109, 196
--ears of king, 151
--eyes of king, 151
--Lands, 115
--Men, 218
--Sisters, 109
--Treasuries, 148
Tyre, 186
Uahānkh, 137, 138, 139
Uarkathar, 189
Uārt, 129
Uartha, 186
Uasheshu, 112
Uatchet, 60, 79, 82, 162
Uatch-merti, 57
Uatchti, 215
Uauat, 128, 131, 208
Uauatet, 77, 82, 84
Ubaaner, 25, 26, 27, 36
Uhat, 133
Un, 119
Una, Autobiography of, 127 ff.
Unas, 9, 18, 20, 21, 22
Understanding, 220
Unguents, the Seven, 13, 243
Un-Nefer, 44, 45, 46, 51, 63, 65, 67
Unti, 40
Unuamen, Travels of, 185 ff.
Upuatu, 21
Ur-kherp-hem, 152, 153
Urmau, 32
Urrit, 164
Urrt Crown, 15, 46, 215, 216
Userhat, 185
Userkaf, 36, 126
Userenrā, 127
Usert, 89
Usertsen I, 135, 155
--III, 99, 101, 152
Uthentiu, 109
Valley of Acacia, 200, 201, 203
Vegetation, 70
Venus, 24
Vignettes of Book of the Dead, 39
Vital power, 11
Vulture amulet, 43
Wādī an-Natrūn, 169
Wādī Halfah, 101
--Maghārah, 208
Washerman, 252
Water, boiling, 43
celestial, 216
holy, 60, 66
offering, 229
supply, 43
fowl, 19
Wax figures, 68
Weighing of words, 22
West, souls of, 43
Westcar Papyrus, 25
Wheat, 45
Whip, 215
Whirlwind, 250
White Wall, 121, 151, 153
Wife, burning of a, 27
duties to, 227
Wine, 17
Winged Disk, 77
Wisdom, 227
Wolf-god, 57
Woman, the strange, 228
Wood for writing upon, 4
Words, ill-natured, 230
of power, 41, 42, 75, 246
Work, importance of, 227
to avoid, 42
Worms in tomb, 43
Writing, boards for, 7
exercises in, 7
three kinds of, 1 ff.
sacred, 1
materials, 4
Zoan, 81, 185
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