Collecting was done at stations listed below and shown in Fig. 2. Each
station was assigned a letter, designating the stream system on which
the station was located, and a number which indicates the position of
the station on the stream. This number increases progressively upstream
from mouth to source. Code letters used are as follows: A--Arkansas
River; W--Walnut River System; B--Beaver Creek System; C--Big Caney
River System; G--Grouse Creek System; M--Middle Caney Creek System;
E--Elk River System. All dates are in the year 1956.
[Illustration: FIG. 2.
Map of Cowley, Chautauqua and Elk counties, Kansas,
showing stations at which collecting was done.]
A-1. Arkansas River. Sec. 2 and 3, T. 35 S, R. 4 E. June 14 and August
20. Braided channel with sand bottom. Water slightly turbid, with layer
of oil sludge on bottom.
A-2. Arkansas River. Sec. 22, T. 34 S, R. 3 E. August 25. Flowing
through diverse channels. Average depth 12 inches. Bottom sand. (Plate
9, fig. 1.)
A-3. Arkansas River. Sec. 21, T. 33 S, R. 3 E. August 27 and December
22. Flowing over fine sand. Average depth 11 inches. Some areas of
backwater with oil sludge on bottom.
W-1. Walnut River. Sec. 20, T. 34 S, R. 4 E. July 7. Flowing rapidly,
with large volume, because of recent rains. Average width 300 feet.
Bottom gravel. Water turbid.
W-2. Walnut River. Sec. 11, T. 34 S, R. 4 E. July 20. Rubble riffles and
large shallow pools with gravel bottoms. Average width, 100 feet. Water
clear.
W-3. Walnut River. Sec. 29, T. 32 S, R. 4 E. July 17. Pools and riffles
below Tunnel Mill Dam at Winfield. Water clear.
W-4. Badger Creek. Sec. 6, T. 33 S, R. 5 E. July 17. Small pools.
Average width 7 feet, average length 40 feet, average depth 8 inches.
Water turbid and malodorous. Bottoms and banks mud. Much detritus
present.
W-5. Timber Creek. Sec. 35, T. 31 S, R. 4 E. June 6. Intermittent pools,
widely separated. Average width 9 feet, average depth 8 inches. Bottom
mud and gravel.
B-1. Big Beaver Creek. Sec. 8, T. 35 S, R. 7 E. May 28. Isolated pools.
Average width 10 feet, average depth one foot. Water turbid. Bottom
rubble.
B-2. Little Beaver Creek. Sec. 18, T. 35 S, R. 6 E. July 21.
Intermittent pools. Average width 10 feet, average length 35 feet,
average depth 10 inches. Bottoms rubble, mud, and bedrock.
B-3. Big Beaver Creek. Sec. 28, T. 34 S, R. 7 E. July 22. Series of
small turbid pools.
G-1. Grouse Creek. Sec. 5, T. 35 S, R. 5 E. May 30, September 5, and
September 24. Intermittent pools in close succession. Average width 22
feet, average depth 16 inches. Water turbid on May 30 but clear in
September. Bottom rubble. Steep banks. Little shade for pools.
G-2. Grouse Creek. Sec. 23, T. 34 S, R. 5 E. August 29. Series of
shallow intermittent pools. Average width 42 feet, average length 120
feet, average depth 15 inches. Bottom bedrock and mud. (Plate 9, fig.
2.)
G-3. Grouse Creek. Sec. 6, T. 34 S, R. 6 E. July 12. Intermittent pools.
Average width 20 feet, average length 65 feet, average depth 14 inches.
Bottom bedrock and gravel. _Justicia americana_ L. abundant.
G-4. Grouse Creek. Sec. 12, T. 33 S, R. 6 E. June 1 and September 7.
Intermittent pools. Average width 15 feet, average length 100 feet,
average depth 18 inches. Water turbid in June, clear in September.
_Najas guadalupensis_ Spreng., and _Myriophyllum heterophyllum_ Michx.
common.
G-5. Grouse Creek. Sec. 19, T. 32 S, R. 7 E. July 2. Succession of
riffles and pools. Water clear. Volume of flow approximately one cubic
foot per second, but creek bankful after heavy rains on June 22. Average
width 20 feet, average depth 18 inches.
G-6. Grouse Creek. Sec. 32, T. 31 S, R. 7 E. July 8. Small intermittent
pools to which cattle had access. Water turbid, bottom mud and rubble.
Average width 10 feet, average depth 8 inches. Stream-bed covered with
tangled growths of _Sorghum halepense_ (L.).
G-7. Grouse Creek. Sec. 34, T. 30 S, R. 7 E. July 8. Stream flowing
slightly. Water clear. Average width of pools 30 feet; average depth 20
inches. Bottom bedrock and gravel. _Myriophyllum heterophyllum_ Michx.,
_Nelumbo lutea_ (Willd.), and _Justicia americana_ L. common in shallow
water.
G-8. Silver Creek. Sec. 1, T. 33 S, R. 5 E. July 17. Intermittent pools.
Average width 30 feet, average length 120 feet, average depth 12 inches.
Water clear.
G-9. Silver Creek. Sec. 4, T. 32 S, R. 6 E. July 17. Small upland brook
with volume less than one-half cfs. Average width 12 feet, average depth
10 inches. Water clear, bottom mostly rubble.
G-10. Crab Creek. Sec. 33, T. 33 S, R. 6 E. June 24. Intermittent pools,
showing evidence of having flowed after rains on June 22. Average width
15 feet, average depth 16 inches.
G-11. Crab Creek. Sec. 35, T. 33 S, R. 6 E. July 16. Small intermittent
pools. Average width 13 feet, average length 55 feet, average depth 11
inches. Water clear. Bottom rubble and mud.
G-12. Crab Creek. Sec. 28, T. 33 S, R. 7 E. June 2 and July 20. Isolated
pools. Average width 18 feet, average depth one foot. Water turbid.
Bottom bedrock and rubble. _Myriophyllum heterophyllum_ and _Justicia
americana_ abundant.
G-13. Crab Creek. Sec. 21, T. 33 S, R. 7 E. July 29. Isolated pools 300
feet by 24 feet. Average depth 12 inches. Water turbid.
G-14. Unnamed creek (hereafter called Grand Summit Creek). Sec. 26, T.
31 S, R. 7 E. August 30. Intermittent pools. Average width 15 feet,
average length 45 feet, average depth 11 inches. Water clear. Bottom
rubble.
[Illustration: PLATE 9
1. Station A-2. Arkansas River. (Cowley County, Section 22,
T. 34 S, R. 3 E.)
2. Station G-2. Grouse Creek. (Cowley County, Section 23,
T. 34 S, R. 5 E.)]
[Illustration: PLATE 10
1. Station C-12. Cedar Creek. (Cowley County, Section 17,
T. 34 S, R. 8 E.)
2. Station C-16. Spring Creek. (Elk County, Section 26,
T. 31 S, R. 8 E.) Volume of flow of this small creek
is indicated by riffle in foreground.]
G-15. Unnamed creek (same as above). Sec. 17, T. 31 S, R. 8 E. July 27.
Small upland creek bordered by bluestem pastures. Pools with average
width of 10 feet, average length 30 feet, average depth 9 inches. Water
slightly turbid. Bottom rubble and mud.
G-16. Crab Creek. Sec. 22, T. 33 S, R. 7 E. July 25. Small isolated
pools. Average width 17 feet, average length 58 feet, average depth 9
inches. Water turbid.
G-17. Crab Creek. Sec. 23, T. 33 S, R. 7 E. July 25. Upland brook
bordered by bluestem pastures. Unshaded intermittent pools. Average
width 7 feet, average length 40 feet, average depth 9 inches. Water
turbid.
C-1. Big Caney River. Sec. 16, T. 33 S, R. 10 E. July 19. Intermittent
pools. Average width 47 feet, average length 90 feet, average depth 13
inches. Bottom rubble and bedrock. Water clear to slightly turbid.
C-2. Big Caney River. Sec. 1, T. 35 S, R. 9 E. September 5. Series of
intermittent pools. Bottom rubble and large stones.
C-3. Big Caney River. Sec. 29, T. 34 S, R. 9 E. June 17. Large shallow
pool below ledge 3 feet high forming "Osro Falls." Bottom bedrock.
C-4. Big Caney River. Sec. 32, T. 34 S, R. 9 E. June 3. Three large
pools (50 feet by 300 feet) with connecting riffles. Water turbid.
Bottom bedrock and rubble.
C-5. Big Caney River. Sec. 11 and 12, T. 34 S, R. 8 E. May 27, May 29,
June 11, June 18, June 19, and June 27. From a low-water dam, 6 feet
high, downstream for 1/4 mile. Pools alternating with rubble and bedrock
riffles. Collecting was done at different times of day and night, and
when stream was flowing and intermittent.
C-6. Big Caney River. Sec. 26, T. 33 S, R. 8 E. June 16. Intermittent
pools with bedrock bottom. Water slightly turbid. Average width 16 feet,
average depth 10 inches.
C-7. Otter Creek. Sec. 26, T. 33 S, R. 8 E. June 16. Pools and riffles.
Water clear. Algae abundant. Average width 10 feet, average depth 10
inches.
C-8. Big Caney River. Sec. 1, T. 33 S, R. 8 E. June 10. Intermittent
pools. Average width 10 feet, average depth 14 inches. Water clear.
Bottom rubble and gravel. Aquatic plants included _Chara_ sp.,
_Sagittaria latifolia_ Willd., _Jussiaea diffusa_ Forsk., and _Nelumbo
lutea_ (Willd.).
C-9. Big Caney River. Sec. 6 and 7, T. 32 S, R. 9 E. June 27. Clear,
flowing stream, 20 feet wide, volume estimated at 5 cfs. Bottom gravel
and rubble. Extensive gravel riffles.
C-10. Big Caney River. Sec. 29 and 32, T. 31 S, R. 9 E. June 27. Water
clear and flowing rapidly, volume estimated at 5-6 cfs. Bottom rubble
with a few muddy backwater areas.
C-11. Big Caney River. Sec. 7, T. 31 S, R. 9 E. July 26. Flowing, with
less than 1 cfs. Average width 20 feet, average depth 22 inches. Water
extremely clear. Bottom gravel and rubble. _Myriophyllum heterophyllum_,
_Potamogeton foliosus_, and _Justicia americana_ common.
C-12. Cedar Creek. Sec. 17, T. 34 S, R. 8 E. March 10, April 2, June 1,
June 6, and August 24. Pools and riffles along 1/4 mile of stream were
seined in the early collections. In August only small isolated pools
remained. Bottom bedrock and rubble. Much detritus along streambanks.
(Plate 10, fig. 1.)
C-13. Otter Creek. Sec. 16, T. 33 S, R. 8 E. June 15. Flowing, less than
1 cfs. Pools interspersed with rubble riffles. Water clear.
C-14. Otter Creek. Sec. 30, T. 32 S, R. 8 E. May 31, and September 3.
Series of small pools. Average width 10 feet, average depth 15 inches.
Shallow rubble riffles. Water extremely clear. Temperature 68 deg. at 6:30
p.m. on May 31; 78 deg. at 2:00 p.m. on September 3.
C-15. Spring Creek. Sec. 35, T. 31 S, R. 8 E. June 28. Small, clear,
upland brook with rubble bottom. Pools 10 feet in average width and
11 inches in average depth. Numerous shallow rubble riffles.
C-16. Spring Creek. Sec. 26, T. 31 S, R. 8 E. July 9. Small intermittent
pools. Average width 10 feet; average depth 8 inches. Bottom gravel.
(Plate 10, fig. 2.)
C-17. West Fork Big Caney River. Sec. 36, T. 30 S, R. 8 E. July 27.
Small pool below low-water dam. Pool 20 feet by 30 feet with average
depth of 20 inches.
C-18. East Fork Big Caney River. Sec. 31, T. 30 S, R. 9 E. July 27.
Isolated pool 25 feet by 25 feet with an average depth of 15 inches.
M-1. Middle Caney Creek. Sec. 23, T. 33 S, R. 10 E. July 4. Intermittent
pools. Average width 45 feet, average depth 15 inches. Water stained
brown. Oil fields nearby but no sludge or surface film of oil noted.
Bottom rubble and bedrock.
M-2. Pool Creek. Sec. 25, T. 33 S, R. 10 E. May 26. Pool 120 feet by 40
feet below limestone ledge approximately 12 feet high forming Butcher's
Falls. Other smaller pools sampled. Water clear. Bottom bedrock and
rubble.
E-1. Elk River. Sec. 12, T. 31 S, R. 11 E. July 9. Four intermittent
pools seined. Average width 32 feet, average depth 13 inches. Bottom
bedrock, rubble, and mud. Water turbid.
E-2. Elk River. Sec. 3, T. 31 S, R. 11 E. June 28. Intermittent pools
below and above sandstone ledge approximately 6 feet high forming
"falls" at Elk Falls. Average width 33 feet, average depth 15 inches.
Bottom bedrock, rubble and mud. Water slightly turbid.
E-3. Elk River. Sec. 21, T. 30 S, R. 11 E. June 28. Two small pools, 10
feet by 30 feet with average depth of 6 inches. Bottom bedrock.
E-4. Elk River. Sec. 12, T. 30 S, R. 10 E. June 28. One long pool 500
feet by 50 feet with a variety of depths and bottom conditions ranging
from mud to bedrock. Average depth 18 inches. Water turbid and pools
unshaded.
E-5. Elk River. Sec. 32, T. 29 S, R. 10 E. August 30. Intermittent
pools. Average width 21 feet, average depth 20 inches. Bottom rubble.
Water clear.
E-6. Elk River. Sec. 23, T. 29 S, R. 9 E. August 30. Small isolated
pools. River mostly dry. Bottom bedrock. Water slightly turbid with
gray-green "bloom."
E-7. Wildcat Creek. Sec. 11, T. 31 S, R. 10 E. Volume of flow less than
one cfs. Average width 20 feet, average depth 18 inches. Domestic sewage
pollution from town of Moline suspected.