92. AGRIPPA observed at Bethynia a conjunction of the moon with the
Pleiades about 7 o'clock in the evening.
511. CLOVIS, the conqueror of Gaul and the real founder of the French
monarchy, died. He fixed the royal residence at Lusatia, the modern
Paris, which was originally situated on the isle of France, in the
Seine.
1268. CLEMENT IV (_Guy de Foulques_), pope, died. He was a Frenchman, of
great moderation, prudence and impartiality.
1290. ELEANOR, queen of England, died. She was a Castilian princess,
characterized as pious, prudent and charitable, elegant in her person,
and gentle in her manners.
1314. PHILIP IV (_the Fair_), of France, died. He engaged in a long and
bloody war with England, Germany and Flanders, and in a single
engagement with the latter 25,000 of his enemies were slain.
1330. RODGER MORTIMER, earl of March, hanged near London. He was engaged
as a principal actor in a complicated scene of guilt with Isabella queen
of Edward II.
1378. CHARLES IV, emperor of Germany, died. His reign is famous for the
_golden bull_, enacted by the diet of Nuremberg. He founded the
university of Prague, and deserves the respect of the learned for the
patronage he extended to literature.
1526. JOHN DE MEDICIS died, aged 28; a warrior in the service of Francis
I of France, and surnamed the invincible.
1530. THOMAS WOLSEY, an English cardinal, died in disgrace. From a
butcher's boy he rose to be archbishop of York, and prime minister of
England. He even aspired to the popedom. At the height of his fortune he
had in his retinue 800 servants, among whom were ten lords, fifteen
knights and forty esquires. His expenses exceeded the revenues of the
crown. All this he owed to the capricious favor of the king, Henry VIII,
who suddenly stripped him of all his possessions.
1599. CHRISTOPHER BARKER, printer to queen Elizabeth, died at Windsor.
His books were specimens of good workmanship of that time.
1632. The king of Bohemia died; on whose youngest daughter, Sophia, by
Elizabeth, sister of Charles I, and her issue, the crown of England was
finally settled.
1643. WILLIAM CARTWRIGHT, an English dramatic poet, died.
1652. The Dutch fleet under Van Tromp defeated the English, and Van
Tromp sailed through the channel with a broom at the mast head.
1661. BRIAN WALTON, an English bishop, died; editor of the Polyglot
Bible, in 6 vols.
1662. Count D'ESTRADES took possession of Dunkirk, purchased by the
French king of Charles II of England.
1682. Prince RUPERT, son of Frederick, king of Bohemia, died. He
acquired military fame in the English civil war, but is better known for
his discoveries in the arts and sciences. He invented what is called
after him prince's metal, and discovered the art of engraving in
mezzotint.
1694. MARCELLO MALPIGHI, an Italian physician, died. His discoveries in
anatomy were curious and important. By his delicate dissections he found
out the lobules of the liver, and the nature of the formation and
mechanism of the kidneys, and of the veins and heart.
1695. ANTHONY WOOD, a famous English antiquary, died.
1710. Battle of Villa Visciosa; the left wing of the allies under
Staremberg defeated by the French and Spaniards under the duke de
Vendome; but the victors instead of following the blow began to plunder
the baggage; Staremberg with his right wing fought their left with such
valor and perseverance till night, that they retired in disorder with
the loss of 6000 killed, leaving him master of the field and all their
artillery.
1732. The city of Aveline and nearly all of the city of Oriano, in
Naples, destroyed by an earthquake.
1759. WILLIAM DICKINS died at Kysoe, England. His life is remarkable for
a single feat. While engaged in building the spire of a church, he fell
from the height of 132 feet. In his descent he struck the battlements
with such force as to fracture his leg and foot severely, and bring part
of the stone work to the ground with him. He sustained so little injury
in other respects, that he was soon enabled to reascend and finish his
work. He lived 40 years afterwards.
1775. Captain MANLY, of Marblehead, in a privateer, took an ordnance
brig from Woolwich containing a large brass mortar, several pieces of
fine brass cannon, a large quantity of small arms and ammunition, with
all kinds of tools, utensils and machines necessary for camps and
artillery; and a few days after three ships from London, Glasgow and
Liverpool, with various stores for the British army.
1780. MARIA THERESA, archduchess of Austria, queen of Hungary, and
empress of Germany, died. She will ever rank high among illustrious
women, and among those sovereigns who have been the benefactors of
mankind.
1781. The British evacuated Dorchester on the approach of the Americans
under general Greene; by which all the rice plantations between the
Edisto and Ashley rivers were saved to the Americans.
1792. DAVID DALRYMPLE, lord Hailes, died. He was noted for his knowledge
of law, and as an antiquarian, and was intimate with the most eminent
men of the age.
1793. ANTHONY PETER JOSEPH MARIE DE BARNAVE, a French avocat,
guillotined. He displayed great eloquence and strong powers of mind in
the national assembly; but failing to keep pace with the terrorists, was
imprisoned fifteen months, and finally brought to the block.
1793. M. F. DUPORT DU TERTRE guillotined at Paris; a modest and studious
man, whose philosophical ideas led him to declare in favor of the
revolution, in which he always displayed great moderation.
1793. The Austrians under Wurmzer defeated the French with great
slaughter, and drove them beyond Strasburg. Loss of the French estimated
at 15,000.
1793. Battle near Lautern; the duke of Brunswick defeated the French in
two attacks, with great slaughter.
1794. CAESAR BONESANA BECCARIA, an Italian philosopher, died. He
published a treatise on crimes and punishments, which became a popular
work, and was translated into various languages.
1802. Ohio admitted into the Union.
1807. The royal family and court of Portugal emigrated to Brazil, on the
invasion of the Portuguese kingdom by the French.
1812. British schooner Subtle, in chase of the American privateer
Favorite, upset in a squall, and sunk before the Favorite could come to
her assistance. All the crew perished.
1812. The American troops, 1400, embarked for the invasion of Canada
under general Smyth.
1812. Battle of Autosse, between 950 Georgia militia and about 400
friendly Indians and a body of Creek Indians. The Creeks were defeated
with the loss of 200 killed, among whom was the Autosse and Talisse
kings.
1813. GIAMBATTISTA BODONI, a celebrated Italian printer, died. He was
placed at the head of an establishment at Parma, in 1766, which he made
the first of the kind in Europe, and gained the reputation of having
surpassed all the splendid and beautiful productions of his predecessors
in the art.
1814. The first newspaper printed by steam power. This was the _Times_,
of London. The machine was the invention of a Saxon by the name of
König, and printed at the rate of 1100 papers per hour.
1830. Revolt of Poland commenced at Warsaw, in consequence of the severe
and insulting conduct of the grand duke Constantine. The insurrection
extended quickly through the country, and into Lithuania and other parts
of ancient Poland.
1842. EDMUND HAWLEY died at Hawley, Mass., aged 96. He erected the first
frame house in that town (then called No. 7), was a soldier of the
revolution, and a justice of the peace for more than 50 years.
1847. The presbyterian mission station of Wallah Wallah valley, in
Oregon, assaulted by Indians and several of the missionaries slain.