534. JUSTINIAN published his immortal _Code_ of civil ordinances,
amended in conformity with the Pandects which issued from the legal
armory in the year preceding. It is called the second edition, although
enriched with two hundred of his own laws, and fifty decisions of
obscure points in jurisprudence.
1093. MARGARET, of Scotland, died. She was the sister of Edgar Atheling,
fled to Scotland on the invasion of William the Conqueror, and married
Malcolm, king of the country. She was an amiable and benevolent
princess.
1272. HENRY III, eighth king of England, died. He succeeded John; was
defeated in his wars abroad, and imprisoned by his barons at home.
1272. EDWARD I, of England, commenced his reign, and immediately
expelled the Jews from the kingdom; their libraries were dispersed,
their goods seized, and many of them barbarously murdered.
1326. EDWARD II, king of England, taken prisoner and delivered into the
hands of his queen Isabella, by whom he was imprisoned and finally put
to death.
1499. PERKIN WARBECK, an aspirant to the crown of England, executed at
Tyburn. He gave himself out as the second son of Edward IV, who was
supposed to have been murdered in the Tower by Richard III, and made a
descent upon England, but was worsted and captured.
1538. Proclamation of HENRY VIII, following the formal trial and
condemnation of the shrine and goods of Thomas Becket, declaring that he
was no saint, but a rebel to his prince, and his bones were caused to be
burnt by the hangman.
1603. PETER CHARRON, a learned French ecclesiastic, died. His _Book of
Wisdom_, spread his fame through the country, and has been twice
translated into English.
1613. TRAJAN BOCCALINI, an Italian wit, died at Venice; probably
assassinated by the emissaries of the court of Spain. His works have
been translated into several languages.
1644. HUGH MCMABONE executed at Tyburn for conspiring the Irish
massacre.
1695. PETER NICOLE, an eminent French divine, died. He is the author of
more than one hundred works.
1745. WILLIAM BROOME, a celebrated English poet, died.
1745. A party of French and Indians from Crown Point surprised the
village of Saratoga, leaving the country uncovered to Schenectady and
Albany.
1773. Destruction of the tea in Boston harbor. The duty imposed by the
British parliament was 3 cents per pound; the quantity destroyed 342
chests.
1773. JOHN HAWKESWORTH, an English writer, died. He compiled a narrative
of the discoveries in the South seas, and wrote the _Adventurer_.
1773. JOHN BRADLEY BLAKE, an English chemist, botanist and
mathematician, died. He went to China, from whence he sent home all the
valuable seeds and plants of the country, and began a collection of its
ores and fossils, but his application destroyed his health.
1776. JAMES FERGUSON, the celebrated Scottish astronomer, died. He was
an extraordinary instance among self taught men, having emerged from a
shepherd's boy, to the highest rank in science.
1776. Fort Washington surrendered to the British under general
Cornwallis. Col. Magaw, finding the fort too small to contain all the
men, the ammunition nearly exhausted, and the force of the assailants
too great to be resisted, surrendered the garrison, 2,800 men,
prisoners of war. It is supposed that 1,200 of the British were killed
or wounded.
1796. Battle of Arcola, which lasted two days, terminated in favor of
the French. This determined the fate of Mantua.
1806. SCHAH ALLUM, the great mogul or emperor of Delhi, died, aged 82.
1811. Serious riots in Nottingham, Eng.; the journeymen weavers
destroyed the articles of machinery which diminished labor.
1812. The French under DAVOUST left Smolensk, having set fire to it in
every quarter, and blown up the fortifications; and amidst this immense
burning shower they issued forth like destroying angels, to join
Bonaparte at Krasnoy.
1813. WILLIAM FRANKLIN died in England, aged 82. He was the son of Dr.
Benjamin Franklin, and formerly British governor of New Jersey.
1838. Battle near Prescott, Canada, between 100 insurgents posted at a
windmill, and 1,000 British troops. The former surrendered
unconditionally. Their loss in 4 days was 102 killed, and 162 taken
prisoners; the rest escaped into the woods.
1847. Poland blotted from among the nations of Europe, by Prussia,
Austria and Russia.
1848. Great popular movements in Italy. Count Rossi, the prime minister,
slain, as he entered the senate chamber at Rome. The pope's palace
besieged.
1855. The powder in the French siege train, at Sebastopol, 100,000
pounds, exploded, killing and wounding a great number.