877. CHARLES II (_the Bald_), of France, poisoned. He succeeded to the
French crown 840, and was elected emperor by the pope 875. The feudal
government may be said to have begun under him.
1274. The English parliament restrained usury. The Jews in consequence
were obliged to wear a badge.
1285. PHILIP III (_the Bold_), of France, died. He was proclaimed king
while in Africa with his father on a crusade, where he defeated the
Saracens, and concluded a truce with them for 10 years.
1470. HENRY VI, of England, released from the tower of London and again
proclaimed king. He was imprisoned the second time in the following year
and murdered.
1552. IVAN IV, czar of Russia, took the city of Kazan, and added that
kingdom to his empire.
1713. _The Englishman_ appeared, conducted by the same authors as _The
Spectator_, but was more political in its character.
1748. The British under admiral Boscawen raised the siege of
Pondicherry, in Hindostan, after a loss by battle and sickness of 1,065.
Loss of the French garrison 200, and 50 sepoys.
1761. WILLIAM PITT, the British statesman, having resigned the ministry,
a pension of £3,000 was settled upon him for three lives, and the title
of baroness of Chatham conferred upon his wife.
1762. The British under admiral Cornish and general Draper, took
Manilla, the capital of the Philippine islands, by storm. Several ships
and a large quantity of military stores fell into their hands. The town
was ransomed by four millions of dollars.
1767. FRANCIS WISE, an English divine and antiquary, died. His
researches led to the publication of several learned works.
1777. The British under sir Henry Clinton, about 3,000 men, attacked and
carried forts Clinton and Montgomery, defended by governor Clinton. The
post having been designed principally to prevent the passing of ships,
the works on the land side were incomplete and untenable, and were
carried by the bayonet. Most of the garrison effected their escape, with
the loss of 300; British lost about an equal number. Count Grabouski, a
Polish nobleman in the American service, was killed.
1778. WILLIAM WORTHINGTON died; an English prelate and theological
writer of merit.
1780. HENRY LAURENS, who had been taken on his passage from America to
Holland, was committed to the tower of London for high treason. He was
afterwards liberated.
1783. Treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States
proclaimed.
1789. LAFAYETTE preserved the royal family from the popular excitement.
The king was then conducted to Paris, where he accepted the "declaration
of the rights of man."
1794. British, general Graham, surrendered Guadaloupe by capitulation to
the French.
1794. Fall of the _mountain party_ in the French national convention.
1802. SIMON DE MAGISTRIS died at Rome; well known for his deep
acquaintance with the Hebrew, Greek and Latin, and whose services to
literature were liberally rewarded by the pope.
1813. Moravian town, on the river Thames, destroyed by the Americans
under general Harrison, after which he marched to Detroit, where peace
was negotiated with a number of vanquished tribes of Indians.
1821. ALEXANDER MURRAY, a distinguished naval officer, died. He fought
in 13 battles in the army and navy during the war of the revolution. On
the organization of the navy under the new government, he was one of the
first officers recalled into service. To the highest firmness and
resolution he united a remarkable mildness and serenity of temper.
1836. WILLIAM MARSDEN, a learned English orientalist, died. He published
a dictionary and grammar of the Malayan language, and other works of
acknowledged merit.
1839. JESSE BUEL, an eminent agriculturist, died. He was several years
member of the legislature and a candidate for governor of New York in
1836. He was also a practical printer, and had filled the office of
printer to the state. He was a useful citizen, and highly esteemed in
public and private life.
1841. A revolution in Mexico; Santa Anna entered the capital at the head
of 10,000 men; displaced Bustamente, and established himself at the head
of the government.
1843. JAMES LEONARD CATHCART died at Washington, aged 77. He entered the
continental navy at an early age, was a midshipman during the
revolution, and was captured by the Algerines and held eleven years in
captivity. He turned his knowledge of that country to good account
afterwards in the service of the government in quelling piracies, &c.
1848. Insurrection in Vienna; the emperor with his family left the city,
escorted by a few troops.
1853. SIMEON GREENLEAF, a distinguished law teacher, died at Cambridge,
Mass., aged 70. His law works attest his diligence and ability in his
profession.
1857. SAMUEL HUESTON, for many years publisher of the _Knickerbocker
Magazine_, died in New York.