1138. Battle of North Allerton, in England, and defeat of the Irish
under king David.
1280. NICHOLAS III, pope, died. His reign is noted for a missionary
expedition to Tartary.
1357. ISABELLA, queen of England, died in prison, where she had been
confined 28 years.
1485. Battle of Bosworth field, in which the forces of Richard III were
defeated and himself killed. The forces of Richard exceeded 16,000,
while those of Richmond did not amount to 5,000. The battle lasted
little more than two hours, and was determined by the defection of
Stanley. He is the only English king since the conquest who fell in
battle, and the second who fought in his crown.
1540. Burial of WILLIAM BUDÆUS, a learned French critic and commentator;
styled by Erasmus _Portentum Galliæ_ (the prodigy of France).
1567. Capt. GOURGES sailed from Bourdeaux to dislodge the Spaniards in
Florida. (See May 3, 1568.)
1567. MURRAY proclaimed regent of Scotland.
1572. THOMAS PERCY, earl of Northumberland, beheaded at York.
1613. DOMINIQUE BAUDIUS died; advocate of the parliament of Paris, and
author of some Latin poems.
1615. ARTHUR AGARD, a learned English antiquary, died.
1642. CHARLES I of England erected the royal standard at Nottingham. It
was supposed equivalent to a declaration of hostilities.
1650. EUSEBIUS ANDREWS, an English barrister, and colonel in the army of
Charles I, beheaded by Cromwell.
1651. CHRISTOPHER LOVE was beheaded at Tower hill. His offence was a
desire to restore monarchy, that presbyterianism might succeed.
1711. An expedition from New England against Quebec, frustrated by the
loss of a number of transports among the rocks, at midnight, about 9
miles up Canada river. About 1000 men perished.
1711. LEWIS FRANCIS DE BOUFFLERS, a distinguished French military
character, died. He was opposed to prince Eugene, and celebrated for his
defence of Lisle.
1739. JAMES VANIERE died; a French Jesuit and famous Latin poet.
1752. WILLIAM WHISTON, an eminent English divine, died. He was also a
mathematician, and succeeded sir Isaac Newton as professor of
mathematics at Cambridge.
1766. PHILIP CARTERET sailed from England in the sloop-of-war Swallow,
on his voyage round the world, in company with captain Wallis in the
Dolphin. They parted company April 10, 1767; the latter returned in
1768, the former March 20, 1769.
1773. GEORGE LYTTLETON, an elegant English poet, historian and
miscellaneous writer, died.
1776. The British troops, 24,000, under lord and sir William Howe,
landed on Long island, between Gravesend and Utrecht.
1777. The siege of fort Stanwix raised by St. Leger, who retreated in
great confusion, losing his tents, most of his artillery and stores.
1777. An unsuccessful attempt was made by general Sullivan and colonel
Ogden on Staten island. The latter took 130 privates and some officers,
burnt a magazine of hay and 7 vessels, and destroyed some stores, &c.
The general deviated from his original plan, whence his enterprise was
not so completely successful.
1778. Count D'ESTAING sailed from Newport for Boston, which compelled
general Sullivan to raise the siege of Newport and fall back; 2 or 3,000
volunteers having left him in consequence.
1779. General WILLIAMSON and colonel PICKENS entered the Indian country,
and burned about 50,000 bushels of corn in eight of their towns.
1779. CHARLES CLERKE, the English circumnavigator, died of consumption
off Kamschatka, and was buried at Paratounca. He had but a short time
previous succeeded captain Cook in the command of the expedition.
1792. Longroy, in France, captured by CLAIRFAIT, with 3,500 troops and
71 cannon.
1795. French convention adopted a new constitution, by which a council
of 500 was established, and a council of ancients consisting of 250.
1798. The French under general Humbert landed in Ireland and took
possession of Killala. (18th.)
1808. Armistice signed by the French general JUNOT and sir ARTHUR
WELLESLEY, by which the French agreed to evacuate Portugal.
1814. The inhabitants of Nantucket declared themselves neutral, under
the protection of England. Same day 27 sail of square rigged British
vessels arrived at Benedict; commodore Barney, in conformity to his
orders blew up his flotilla and retreated to Nottingham. The British
landed and marched to Marlborough.
1818. WARREN HASTINGS, an English statesman and scholar, died. He was
employed in the service of the East India company, and by oppression and
injustice raised the revenue of the company from three to five millions
pounds.
1826. A barge belonging to Beechey's expedition reached longitude 156°
21´ west. Here they were embedded in ice some days, and were about to
abandon the bark, and return on foot 120 miles, to the ship, when it was
fortunately extricated, and made sail to rejoin the ship.
1828. FRANZ JOSEPH GALL, founder of the science of phrenology, died at
Paris, aged 71. His works are voluminous; his style is characterized as
vivid and powerful; his description as accurate and striking: and he may
be looked upon as one of the most remarkable men of his age.
1848. The rail road train made the transit from Springfield to Hartford,
26 miles, in 33 minutes.
1849. The fortress of Moultan was destroyed by a freshet, "remaining an
island of mud in an expanse of waters."
1849. A convention called the Peace congress, opened its sittings at
Paris.
1849. Venice capitulated to marshal Radetsky.
1850. NATHANIEL BERRY died at Gardiner, Me., aged 94; a member of
Washington's life guard.
1851. The American yacht America, at the regatta at Cowes, England, won
the "cup of all nations."
1852. ÆNEAS MUNSON, the oldest graduate of Yale college, died at New
Haven, aged 89. He was an assistant surgeon in the war of the
revolution, afterwards became a merchant, and for a long period was
president successively of several banks.
1853. PIETRO BACHI, a Sicilian exile, died at Boston, aged 66. Being
implicated in Murat's attempt to reascend the throne in 1815, he was
banished, and arrived in America in 1825. He was highly accomplished in
ancient and modern languages, and became an instructor of Italian in
Harvard college.