510 B. C. The Roman republic established and the first consuls elected,
according to the Capitoline marbles. This noble political fabric
subsisted for a period of 462 years, until the battle of Pharsalia.
1631. FRANCIS GARASSE, a French Jesuit, died. As a preacher he was
eloquent and popular, but his writings were gross, and kindled a violent
feud between his order and the Jansenists. He lost his life by attending
the sick during the pestilence at Poictiers.
1636. HUMPHREY LYNDE, an English author, died. He wrote various books
against popery, one of which was translated into several languages, and
often reprinted.
1636. JOHN CAYLARD DE ST. BONET, marquis de Toiras, a French general,
killed before the fortress of Fontanette, in Italy. His services were
important to his country, but he was nevertheless disgraced by
Richelieu, and found in Italy a just respect for his abilities and
merits.
1637. BURTON, a clergyman, BASTWICK, a physician, and PRYNNE, yet a
prisoner in the Tower, ordered to be pilloried, lose their ears, and be
fined £5,000 each, for a libel on the government of Charles I of
England.
1645. Battle of Naseby, in which the forces of Cromwell obtained a
bloody victory over the army of Charles I, under prince Rupert, and
obliged him to retire into Wales.
1654. Battle of Dunes; the French defeated the Spaniards under prince de
Conde and don John of Austria.
1662. HENRY VANE, an English statesman, beheaded. He was vascilating in
his politics, and characterized as a dangerous man.
1683. The Rye house plot to assassinate king Charles II of England,
discovered by Joseph Keeling.
1704. RALPH BATHURST, an English physician, divine and Latin poet, died.
He was a man of great erudition.
1710. Gen. HUNTER arrived at New York from England in the capacity of
governor of the province, bringing with him 3000 Palatines, who formed a
Lutheran church in New York.
1723. CLAUDE FLEURY, a French advocate, died, aged 82, greatly respected
for his learning and virtues. His works are numerous and valuable.
1743. JAMES VILLOTTE, a French Jesuit, died. He traveled in Armenia, and
published commentaries on the gospels.
1746. COLIN MACLAURIN, an eminent Scottish mathematician and
philosopher, died. His writings are very numerous, and highly valuable
for the purposes of navigation and geography.
1754. A convention was held at Albany, for the purpose of concluding a
treaty with the Six Nations. It was attended by about 150 Indians.
1756. PROSPER MARCHAND, a French author, died in Holland, at a great
age. He left France on account of religious views, and published a
_Journal Litéraire_. He also wrote a history of printing, and published
a new edition of Bayle's _Dictionnaire_.
1769. The general court of Massachusetts having remonstrated to governor
Hutchinson against their place of meeting being surrounded with an
armed force, and Boston being invested by sea and land, he adjourned the
court to Cambridge.
1776. Americans evacuated Sorel, in Canada, and the British under Gen.
Burgoyne entered it.
1776. The Americans cannonaded the British fleet from Moon and Long
islands, and compelled it to leave the bay and open the intercourse with
Boston.
1777. Congress resolved that their flag should consist of 13 stripes
alternate red and white; that the union be 13 stars, white on a blue
field, representing a new constellation.
1787. ABDULWAHLAB, an Arabian reformer, and founder of the Wahabbites,
died, aged 95. He founded a temporal empire, which ceased A. D. 1818,
but his religious doctrines are still cherished.
1792. Battle of Lubar on the river Sluez, in which the Polish cavalry
under Joseph Poniatowski defeated the Russians.
1792. A plot was discovered in London to blow up the King's bench
prison.
1792. The stockholders of the Hartford bank held their first meeting for
the choice of directors. John Caldwell was the first president. This was
the first bank in Connecticut.
1799. The French, commanded by Gen. Macdonald, on the Trebia, were
defeated with immense loss by Suwarrow.
1800. JEAN BAPTIST KLEBER, commander in chief of the French army in
Egypt, assassinated while walking in his garden, by a Turk named
Souliman. He had conquered the country and was forming plans for its
peaceful government and improvement.
1800. Battle of Marengo, in Italy; Bonaparte defeated the Austrians, who
lost 1700 killed and prisoners. The French acknowledged the loss of 500
killed and wounded.
1800. LEWIS CHARLES ANTHONY DESSAIX, a distinguished French general,
killed at the battle of Marengo. He arrived on the field of battle with
a fresh battalion at a moment that decided the victory for the French,
but received a shot in the breast, of which he instantly died.
1801. BENEDICT ARNOLD, the traitor, died in England. He was a brave
officer in the American service, from the commencement of the war of the
revolution; but some imprudent conduct subjected him to a reprimand from
the commander-in-chief, after which he sought an opportunity to desert.
He joined the British army, and committed great cruelties upon his
countrymen during the remainder of the war.
1807. Battle of Friedland, in ancient Prussia; the Russians and
Prussians were defeated, with the loss of 17,500 men and 80 cannon, by
the French under Bonaparte. The battle commenced at 10 in the morning,
and the Russians withstood the superior force of the French till nearly
5 in the afternoon; when Bonaparte, putting himself at the head of the
army, commanded a general assault, which was executed with overpowering
effect. Benningsen was compelled to retreat, destroying the bridge
behind him.
1829. Battle of the defile of Pozzoy; the Turkish troops, 15,000,
entirely defeated, and their camp taken by storm by the Russians.
1833. ABRAHAM BOGARD died in the poor-house, Maury county, Tennessee,
aged 118; a native of the state of Delaware.
1846. Nearly 50 persons killed by the burning of the theatre at Quebec.
1848. A revolt at Hayti, and a tumult at Berlin.
1851. THOMAS MOULE died in London, aged 67; a well known writer to the
extent of many volumes on topographic and heraldic antiquities.
1854. A great fire occurred at Worcester, Mass., destroying property
valued at half a million of dollars, and throwing a thousand mechanics
out of work.
1856. Mr. MARCY, secretary of state, formally notified the Danish
minister that the United States would not make forcible resistance to
the collection of the Sound dues for a year from this day.