65. MARCUS ANNÆUS LUCANUS, the Latin poet, died. He was the friend and
favorite of Nero, but afterwards joined a conspiracy with Piso against
the tyrant, and was compelled to destroy himself, which he did by
suffocation in a bath.
313. Battle of Heraclea, in which the emperor Galerius Maximus was
defeated by Lucinus.
534. AMALASONTHA, queen of the Ostrogoths, murdered by her husband
Theodatus. She was universally regretted; as for learning and humanity
she had few equals.
711. TARIK, a freed man of the Arabian viceroy of Africa, landed at the
foot of the rock Calpe called afterwards by his name Gebal-Tarik
(Gibraltar), and two days after by a great battle fought on the banks of
the Guadalete put an end to the Gothic empire in Spain.
1156. The city of Moscow founded by Duke George I. Its present
population is about 400,000.
1262. ALEXANDER NEWSKI, grand duke of Russia, died. He signalized
himself by a great victory which he obtained on the banks of the Neva,
over the northern powers.
1439. RICHARD DE BEAUCHAMP, the famous earl of Warwick, died at Rouen,
in Normandy. He was the most distinguished warrior in the reign of Henry
VI.
1483. The duke of Gloucester (afterwards Richard III), arrested the
lords Rivers and Gray at Stony Stratford, on their passage with the
young king to the capital.
1513. EDMUND DE LA POLE, earl of Suffolk, on account of his near
relationship to the house of York, beheaded.
1519. A skirmish at Edinburgh, called "Cleanse the Causeway," between
the earls of Arran and Angus.
1524. PIERRE DU TERRAIL, chevalier de Bayard, buried. He was a
distinguished warrior under Francis I, mortally wounded at the battle of
Marignan.
1542. The new creed, called the _King's Book_, approved by the houses of
convocation, and made the standard of English orthodoxy.
1544. THOMAS AUDLEY, an English statesman, died; appointed chancellor in
the place of sir Thomas More.
1572. PIUS V (Michael Ghisleri), died. He was an Italian of the
Dominican order. It was under his auspices that the battle of Lepanto
was fought, in which the Turks were so signally defeated.
1598. The edict of Nantes signed and sealed by Henry IV of France,
re-establishing the protestant religion where it had been interrupted,
and restoring its churches, houses and revenues.
1614. Captain JOHN SMITH arrived on the coast of New England, it being
his first voyage to North Virginia, as the country was then called. He
explored the coast in open boats, from Penobscot to Cape Cod, and
trafficked with the Indians. It was on his return from this voyage that
he presented a map of the country to prince Charles, who declared that
it should be called New England.
1632. Battle of Ingolstadt, in Bavaria; the imperial troops of Germany,
under count de Tilly, defeated by the Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus,
and the general mortally wounded in defending the pass of the Lech.
1632. JOHN TZERCLAES, count de Tilly, died; a Dutch officer, who
distinguished himself in the wars with the Turks, and with Denmark.
1637. The puritans forbid by royal proclamation to emigrate to New
England.
1655. EUSTACHE LE SUEUR died; one of the best French historical painters
of his time.
1655. CHRISTOPHER BENNET died; a distinguished London physician, and
writer on medical subjects.
1667. The Dutch fleet attacked Burnt island, in Scotland, but were
repulsed.
1690. RENE LE PAYS, a French poet, died; well known at court by his
miscellanies.
1696. ROBERT PLOT died; an eminent English philosopher and naturalist.
1707. GEORGE FARQUHAR, an ingenious comic writer, died. He was the son
of an Irish clergyman, and held a commission in the army. His comedies
are sprightly and diverting.
1712. PHILIP LIMBORCH died; a Dutch professor of divinity, and author of
a history of the inquisition.
1724. WILLIAM DAWES, an English nobleman and prelate, died. He was
learned, benevolent and pious, and author of several religious works.
1735. DANIEL DUNCAN died; one of the most eminent physicians of his
time. He was known in almost every part of Europe as a practitioner and
an author.
1745. Battle of Fontenoy, in Belgium, between the British and
Hanoverians, under the duke of Cumberland, and the French under count de
Saxe. The allies were defeated with great loss.
1758. German Flats in the colony of New York attacked by French Indians.
1762. The celebrated JOHN WILKES committed to the tower as the author of
the _North Briton_, the 45th number of which was burnt by the common
hangman.
1769. Battle of Choczine between the Russians and Turks.
1776. The eccentric EDWARD WORTLEY MONTAGUE died. He was the son of Lady
Mary the author of the celebrated letters.
1781. ARNOLD, the traitor, made war upon 1,200 hogsheads of tobacco at
Manchester, Va., and on his return to Petersburg conflagrated a large
range of rope walks, a magazine of flour, all the vessels on the stocks,
a number of warehouses, &c., and several fine mills. His progress was
like that of the cannibal!
1789. WASHINGTON inaugurated first president of the United States.
1795. JEAN JACQUES BARTHELEMI, "the Nestor of French literature," died,
aged 80. His principal work is _Travels of Anacharsis in Greece_.
1796. GEORGE ANDERSON, an English self-taught mathematician, died. His
parents were peasants and he wrought as a day laborer till he attracted
attention. He translated Archimedes' treatise on measuring the sands,
and wrote a general view of the variations which have taken place in the
affairs of the East India company. His intense application proved fatal
to him at the age of 36, after which his widow received a pension, as a
reward due to the merits of her husband.
1802. Lotea, in Spain, destroyed by the bursting of a reservoir, which
inundated more than twenty leagues of the surrounding country, and
"upwards of 1,000 _persons_ perished, _exclusive of cattle, &c._"
1810. The prince regent of Portugal prohibited the exportation of wine.
1812. Eruption of the Souffriere mountain, in St. Vincent, one of the
Caribee islands. It was preceded by repeated earthquakes for 11 months.
No flames had been emitted since 1718.
1812. SAMUEL ABBOT, a Boston merchant, died. He was one of the founders
of Andover theological seminary, and contributed altogether about
$125,000 to that institution.
1812. HENRY LEMOINE died. He was a bookseller, but better known as a
translator of the German contributor to the _Gentleman's Magazine, &c._
1816. A spot on the sun visible with the naked eye at Philadelphia. It
was seen for several days.
1840. GEORGE BRUMMELL, the celebrated _Beau Brummell_, died at Caen, in
France, aged 62. He was the associate of George IV when prince of Wales,
and was for a long time at the head of fashion and manners in England.
He passed the latter part of his life in poverty, and towards the close
of it, was confined in a madhouse.
1843. JACOB RIDGWAY, a wealthy mechanic, died at Philadelphia. He was in
early life a shipcarpenter, and subsequently American consul at Antwerp.
His property was estimated at $6,000,000. He was noted for liberality to
mechanics and tenants.
1854. The first rail road opened in Brazil, the emperor and empress
being present at the inauguration.
1854. JAMES MONTGOMERY, the poet and journalist, of Sheffield, died,
aged 82.
1855. HENRY ROWLEY BISHOP, a noted English music composer, died, aged
68. He was the most distinguished representative of the English school
of composition, and was knighted in 1842.
1857. W. B. BUCHANAN, an American poet, died, aged 63. He was long a
correspondent of the _National Intelligencer_ and other papers, residing
in Virginia.