_Farewell to the Valley--Reflections--A large and populous
Vale described[417]--The Pastor's Dwelling, and some account
of him[418]--Church and Monuments--The Solitary musing, and
where--Roused--In the Churchyard the Solitary communicates the thoughts
which had recently passed through his mind--Lofty tone of the Wanderer's
discourse of yesterday adverted to--Rite of Baptism, and the professions
accompanying it, contrasted with the real state of human life--Apology
for the Rite[419]--Inconsistency of the best men--Acknowledgment that
practice falls far below the injunctions of duty as existing in the
mind--General complaint of a falling off in the value of life after the
time of youth--Outward appearances of content and happiness in degree
illusive--Pastor approaches--Appeal made to him--His answer--Wanderer
in sympathy with him--Suggestion that the least ambitious enquirers
may be most free from error--The Pastor is desired to give some
portraits of the living or dead from his own observation of life among
these Mountains--and for what purpose--Pastor consents--Mountain
cottage--Excellent qualities of its Inhabitants--Solitary expresses his
pleasure; but denies the praise of virtue to worth of this kind--Feelings
of the Priest before he enters upon his account of persons interred
in the Churchyard--Graves of unbaptised Infants[420]--Funeral and
sepulchral observances, whence--Ecclesiastical Establishments, whence
derived--Profession of belief in the doctrine of Immortality_
"Farewell, deep Valley, with thy one rude House,
And its small lot of life-supporting fields,
And guardian rocks!--Farewell, attractive seat![421]
To the still influx of the morning light
Open, and[422] day's pure cheerfulness, but veiled 5
From human observation,[FZ] as if yet
Primeval forests wrapped thee round with dark
Impenetrable shade; once more farewell,
Majestic circuit, beautiful abyss,
By Nature destined from the birth of things 10
For quietness profound!"
Upon the side
Of that brown ridge, sole outlet of the vale[GA]
Which foot of boldest stranger would attempt,
Lingering[423] behind my comrades, thus I breathed
A parting tribute to a spot that seemed 15
Like the fixed centre of a troubled world.
Again I halted with reverted eyes;
The chain that would not slacken, was at length
Snapt,--and, pursuing leisurely my way,
How vain, thought I, is it by change of place[424] 20
To seek that comfort which the mind denies;
Yet trial and temptation oft are shunned
Wisely; and by such tenure[425] do we hold
Frail life's possessions, that even they whose fate
Yields no peculiar reason of complaint 25
Might, by the promise that is here, be won
To steal from active duties, and embrace
Obscurity, and undisturbed repose.[426]
--Knowledge, methinks, in these disordered times,
Should be allowed a privilege to have 30
Her anchorites, like piety of old;[GB]
Men, who, from faction sacred, and unstained
By war, might, if so minded, turn aside
Uncensured, and subsist, a scattered few
Living to God and nature, and content 35
With that communion. Consecrated be
The spots where such abide! But happier still
The Man, whom, furthermore, a hope attends
That meditation and research may guide
His privacy to principles and powers 40
Discovered or invented; or set forth,
Through his acquaintance with the ways of truth,
In lucid order; so that, when his course
Is run, some faithful eulogist may say,
He sought not praise, and praise did overlook 45
His unobtrusive merit; but his life,
Sweet to himself, was exercised in good
That shall survive his name and memory.
Acknowledgments of gratitude sincere
Accompanied these musings; fervent thanks 50
For my own peaceful lot and happy choice;
A choice that from the passions of the world
Withdrew, and fixed me in a still retreat;
Sheltered, but not to social duties lost,
Secluded, but not buried; and with song 55
Cheering my days, and with industrious thought;
With the ever-welcome[427] company of books;
With[428] virtuous friendship's soul-sustaining aid,
And with the blessings of domestic love.
Thus occupied in mind I paced along, 60
Following the rugged road, by sledge or wheel
Worn in the moorland,[GC] till I overtook
My two Associates, in the morning sunshine
Halting together on a rocky knoll,
Whence the bare road[429] descended rapidly 65
To the green meadows of another vale.[GD]
Here did our pensive Host put forth his hand
In sign of farewell. "Nay," the old Man said,
"The fragrant air its coolness still retains;
The herds and flocks are yet abroad to crop 70
The dewy grass; you cannot leave us now,
We must not part at this inviting hour."
He yielded,[430] though reluctant; for his mind
Instinctively disposed him to retire
To his own covert; as a billow, heaved 75
Upon the beach, rolls back into the sea.
--So we descend: and winding round a rock
Attain a point that showed the valley--stretched
In length before us;[GE] and, not distant far,
Upon a rising ground a grey church-tower,(GE) 80
Whose battlements were screened by tufted trees.
And towards a crystal Mere, that lay beyond
Among steep hills and woods embosomed, flowed
A copious stream with boldly-winding course;
Here traceable, there hidden--there again 85
To sight restored, and glittering in the sun.
On the stream's bank, and every where, appeared
Fair dwellings, single, or in social knots;
Some scattered o'er the level, others perched
On the hill sides, a cheerful quiet scene, 90
Now in its morning purity arrayed.
"As 'mid some happy valley of the Alps,"
Said I, "once happy, ere tyrannic power,
Wantonly breaking in upon the Swiss,
Destroyed their unoffending commonwealth, 95
A popular equality reigns here,
Save for yon stately House[GF] beneath whose roof
A rural lord might dwell."--"No feudal pomp,
Or power," replied the Wanderer, "to that House
Belongs, but there in his allotted Home 100
Abides, from year to year, a genuine Priest,[431]
The shepherd of his flock; or, as a king
Is styled, when most affectionately praised,
The father of his people. Such is he;
And rich and poor, and young and old, rejoice 105
Under his spiritual sway. He hath vouchsafed[432]
To me some portion of a[433] kind regard;
And something also of his inner mind
Hath he imparted--but I speak of him
As he is known to all.
The calm delights 110
Of unambitious piety he chose,
And learning's solid dignity; though born
Of knightly race, nor wanting powerful friends.
Hither,[434] in prime of manhood, he withdrew
From academic bowers. He loved the spot-- 115
Who does not love his native soil?--he prized
The ancient rural character, composed
Of simple manners, feelings unsupprest
And undisguised, and strong and serious thought;
A character reflected in himself, 120
With such embellishment as well beseems
His rank and sacred function. This deep vale
Winds far in reaches hidden from our sight,
And one a turreted manorial hall
Adorns, in which the good Man's ancestors 125
Have dwelt through ages--Patrons of this Cure.
To them, and to his own judicious pains,[435]
The Vicar's dwelling, and the whole domain,
Owes that presiding aspect which might well
Attract your notice; statelier than could else 130
Have been bestowed, through[436] course of common chance,
On an unwealthy mountain Benefice."
This said, oft pausing,[437] we pursued our way;
Nor reached the village-churchyard[GG] till the sun
Travelling at steadier pace than ours, had risen 135
Above the summits of the highest hills,
And round our path darted oppressive beams.
As chanced, the portals of the sacred Pile
Stood open; and we entered. On my frame,
At such transition from the fervid air, 140
A grateful coolness fell, that seemed to strike
The heart, in concert with that temperate awe
And natural reverence which the place inspired.[GH]
Not raised in[438] nice proportions was the pile;
But large and massy; for duration built; 145
With pillars crowded, and the roof upheld
By naked rafters intricately crossed,
Like leafless underboughs, in some thick wood,[439]
All withered by the depth of shade above.
Admonitory texts inscribed the walls, 150
Each, in its ornamental scroll, enclosed;
Each also crowned with winged heads--a pair
Of rudely-painted Cherubim. The floor
Of nave and aisle, in unpretending guise,
Was occupied by oaken benches ranged 155
In seemly rows; the chancel only showed
Some vain distinctions, marks of earthly state
By immemorial privilege allowed;
Though with the Encincture's special sanctity
But ill according. An heraldic shield, 160
Varying its tincture with the changeful light,
Imbued the altar-window; fixed aloft
A faded hatchment hung, and one by time
Yet undiscoloured.[440] A capacious pew
Of sculptured oak stood here, with drapery lined; 165
And marble monuments were here displayed
Thronging the walls;[441] and on the floor beneath
Sepulchral stones appeared, with emblems graven
And foot-worn epitaphs, and some with small
And shining effigies of brass inlaid.[GI] 170
The tribute by these various records claimed,
Duly we paid, each after each, and read[442]
The ordinary chronicle of birth,
Office, alliance, and promotion--all
Ending in dust; of upright magistrates, 175
Grave doctors strenuous for the mother-church,
And uncorrupted senators, alike
To king and people true. A brazen plate,
Not easily deciphered, told of one
Whose course of earthly honour was begun 180
In quality of page among the train
Of the eighth Henry, when he crossed the seas
His royal state to show, and prove his strength
In tournament, upon the fields of France.
Another tablet registered the death, 185
And praised the gallant bearing, of a Knight
Tried in the sea-fights of the second Charles.
Near this brave Knight his father lay entombed;
And, to the silent language giving voice,
I read,--how in his manhood's earlier day 190
He, 'mid the afflictions of intestine war,
And rightful government subverted, found
One only solace--that he had espoused
A virtuous Lady tenderly beloved
For her benign perfections; and yet more 195
Endeared to him, for this,[443] that, in her state
Of wedlock richly crowned with Heaven's regard,
She with a numerous issue filled his house,
Who throve, like plants, uninjured by the storm
That laid their country waste. No need to speak 200
Of less particular notices assigned
To Youth or Maiden gone before their time,
And Matrons and unwedded Sisters old;
Whose charity and goodness were rehearsed
In modest panegyric.
"These dim lines, 205
What would they tell?" said I,--but, from the task
Of puzzling out that faded narrative,
With whisper soft my venerable Friend
Called me; and, looking down the darksome aisle,
I saw the Tenant of the lonely vale 210
Standing apart; with curvèd arm reclined
On the baptismal font; his pallid face
Upturned, as if his mind were rapt, or lost
In some abstraction; gracefully he stood,
The semblance bearing of a sculptured form 215
That leans upon a monumental urn
In peace, from morn to night, from year to year.
Him from that posture did the Sexton rouse;
Who entered, humming carelessly a tune,[GJ]
Continuation haply of the notes 220
That had beguiled the work from which he came,
With spade and mattock o'er his shoulder hung;
To be deposited, for future need,
In their appointed place. The pale Recluse
Withdrew; and straight we followed,--to a spot 225
Where sun and shade were intermixed; for there
A broad oak, stretching forth its leafy arms
From an adjoining pasture, overhung
Small space of that green churchyard with a light
And pleasant awning.[GK] On the moss-grown wall 230
My ancient Friend and I together took
Our seats; and thus the Solitary spake,
Standing before us:--
"Did you note the mien
Of that self-solaced, easy-hearted churl, 234
Death's hireling, who scoops out his neighbour's grave,
Or wraps an old acquaintance up in clay,
All unconcerned as he would bind a sheaf,
Or plant a tree.[GL] And did you hear his voice?[444]
I was abruptly summoned by the sound[445]
From some affecting images and thoughts, 240
Which then were silent; but crave utterance now.
"Much," he continued, with dejected look,
"Much, yesterday,[446] was said in glowing phrase
Of our sublime dependencies, and hopes
For future states of being; and the wings 245
Of speculation, joyfully outspread,
Hovered above our destiny on earth:
But stoop, and place the prospect of the soul
In sober contrast with reality,
And man's substantial life. If this mute earth 250
Of what it holds could speak, and every grave
Were as a volume, shut, yet capable
Of yielding its contents to eye and ear,
We should recoil, stricken with sorrow and shame,
To see disclosed, by such dread proof, how ill 255
That which is done accords with what is known
To reason, and by conscience is enjoined;
How idly, how perversely, life's whole course,
To this conclusion, deviates from the line,
Or of the end stops short, proposed to all 260
At her[447] aspiring outset.
"Mark the babe
Not long accustomed to this breathing world;
One that hath barely learned to shape a smile,
Though yet irrational of soul, to grasp
With tiny finger[448]--to let fall a tear; 265
And, as the heavy cloud of sleep dissolves,
To stretch his limbs, bemocking, as might seem,
The outward functions of intelligent man;
A grave proficient in amusive feats
Of puppetry, that from the lap declare 270
His expectations, and announce his claims
To that inheritance which millions rue
That they were ever born to! In due time
A day of solemn ceremonial comes;
When they, who for this Minor hold in trust 275
Rights that transcend the loftiest[449] heritage
Of mere humanity, present their Charge,
For this occasion daintily adorned,
At the baptismal font. And when the pure
And consecrating element hath cleansed 280
The original stain, the child is there received
Into the second ark, Christ's church, with trust
That he, from wrath redeemed, therein shall float
Over the billows of this troublesome world
To the fair land of everlasting life. 285
Corrupt affections, covetous desires,
Are all renounced; high as the thought of man
Can carry virtue, virtue is professed;
A dedication made, a promise given
For due provision to control and guide, 290
And unremitting progress to ensure
In holiness and truth."
"You cannot blame,"
Here interposing fervently I said,
"Rites which attest that Man by nature lies
Bedded for good and evil in a gulf 295
Fearfully low; nor will your judgment scorn
Those services, whereby attempt is made
To lift the creature toward[450] that eminence
On which, now fallen, erewhile in majesty
He stood; or if not so, whose top serene 300
At least he feels 'tis given him to descry;
Not without aspirations, evermore
Returning, and injunctions from within
Doubt to cast off and weariness; in trust
That what the Soul perceives, if glory lost, 305
May be, through pains and persevering hope,
Recovered; or, if hitherto unknown,
Lies within reach, and one day shall be gained."
"I blame them not," he calmly answered--"no;
The outward ritual and established forms 310
With which communities of men invest
These inward feelings, and the aspiring vows
To which the lips give public utterance
Are both a natural process; and by me
Shall pass uncensured; though the issue prove, 315
Bringing from age to age its own reproach,
Incongruous, impotent, and blank.--But, oh!
If to be weak is to be wretched--miserable,[GM]
As the lost Angel by a human voice
Hath mournfully pronounced, then, in my mind, 320
Far better not to move at all than move
By impulse sent from such illusive power,--
That finds and cannot fasten down; that grasps
And is rejoiced, and loses while it grasps;
That tempts, emboldens--for a time sustains,[451] 325
And then betrays; accuses and inflicts
Remorseless punishment; and so retreads
The inevitable circle; better far
Than this, to graze the herb in thoughtless peace,
By foresight or remembrance, undisturbed! 330
"Philosophy! and thou more vaunted name
Religion! with thy statelier retinue,
Faith, Hope, and Charity--from the visible world
Choose for your emblems whatsoe'er ye find
Of safest guidance or[452] of firmest trust-- 335
The torch, the star, the anchor; nor except
The cross itself, at whose unconscious feet
The generations of mankind have knelt
Ruefully seized, and shedding bitter tears,
And through that conflict seeking rest--of you, 340
High-titled Powers, am I constrained to ask,
Here standing, with the unvoyageable sky
In faint reflection of infinitude
Stretched overhead, and at my pensive feet
A subterraneous magazine of bones, 345
In whose dark vaults my own shall soon be laid,
Where are your triumphs? your dominion where?
And in what age admitted and confirmed?
--Not for a happy land do I enquire,
Island or grove, that hides a blessed few 350
Who, with obedience willing and sincere,
To your serene authorities conform;
But whom, I ask, of individual Souls,
Have ye withdrawn from passion's crooked ways,
Inspired, and thoroughly fortified?--If the heart 355
Could be inspected to its inmost folds
By sight undazzled with the glare of praise,
Who shall be named--in the resplendent line
Of sages, martyrs, confessors--the man
Whom the best might of faith, wherever fix'd,[453] 360
For one day's little compass, has preserved
From painful and discreditable shocks
Of contradiction, from some vague desire
Culpably cherished, or corrupt relapse
To some unsanctioned fear?"
"If this be so, 365
And Man," said I, "be in his noblest shape
Thus pitiably infirm; then, he who made,
And who shall judge the creature, will forgive.
--Yet, in its general tenor, your complaint
Is all too true; and surely not misplaced: 370
For, from this pregnant spot of ground, such thoughts
Rise to the notice of a serious mind
By natural exhalation. With the dead
In their repose, the living in their mirth,
Who can reflect, unmoved, upon the round 375
Of smooth and solemnized complacencies,
By which, on Christian lands, from age to age
Profession mocks performance? Earth is sick,
And Heaven is weary, of the hollow words
Which States and Kingdoms utter when they talk 380
Of truth and justice. Turn to private life
And social neighbourhood; look we to ourselves;
A light of duty shines on every day
For all; and yet how few are warmed or cheered!
How few who mingle with their fellow-men 385
And still remain self-governed, and apart,
Like this our honoured Friend; and thence acquire
Right to expect his vigorous decline,
That promises to the end a blest old age!"
"Yet," with a smile of triumph thus exclaimed 390
The Solitary, "in the life of man,
If to the poetry of common speech
Faith may be given, we see as in a glass
A true reflection of the circling year,
With all its seasons. Grant that Spring is there, 395
In spite of many a rough untoward blast,
Hopeful and promising with buds and flowers;
Yet where is glowing Summer's long rich day,
That _ought_ to follow faithfully expressed?
And mellow Autumn, charged with bounteous fruit, 400
Where is she imaged? in what favoured clime
Her lavish pomp, and ripe magnificence?
--Yet, while the better part is missed, the worse
In man's autumnal season is set forth
With a resemblance not to be denied, 405
And that contents him; bowers that hear no more
The voice of gladness, less and less supply
Of outward sunshine and internal warmth;
And, with this change, sharp air and falling leaves,
Foretelling aged Winter's desolate sway.[454] 410
"How gay the habitations that bedeck[455]
This fertile valley! Not a house but seems
To give assurance of content within;[GN]
Embosomed happiness, and placid love;
As if the sunshine of the day were met 415
With answering brightness in the hearts of all
Who walk this favoured ground. But chance-regards,
And notice forced upon incurious ears;
These, if these only, acting in despite
Of the encomiums by my Friend pronounced 420
On humble life, forbid the judging mind
To trust the smiling aspect of this fair
And noiseless commonwealth. The simple race
Of mountaineers (by nature's self removed
From foul temptations, and by constant care 425
Of a good shepherd tended as themselves
Do tend their flocks) partake man's general lot[456]
With little mitigation. They escape,
Perchance, the heavier woes of guilt; feel not[457]
The tedium of fantastic idleness: 430
Yet life, as with the multitude, with them
Is fashioned like an ill-constructed tale;
That on the outset wastes its gay desires,
Its fair adventures, its enlivening hopes,
And pleasant interests--for the sequel leaving 435
Old things repeated with diminished grace;
And all the laboured novelties at best
Imperfect substitutes, whose use and power
Evince the want and weakness whence they spring."
While in this serious mood we held discourse, 440
The reverend Pastor toward[458] the church-yard gate
Approached; and, with a mild respectful air
Of native cordiality, our Friend
Advanced to greet him. With a gracious mien
Was he received, and mutual joy prevailed. 445
Awhile they stood in conference, and I guess
That he, who now upon the mossy wall
Sate by my side, had vanished, if a wish
Could have transferred him to the flying clouds,
Or the least penetrable hiding-place 450
In his own valley's rocky guardianship.[459]
--For me, I looked upon the pair, well pleased:
Nature had framed them both, and both were marked
By circumstance, with intermixture fine
Of contrast and resemblance. To an oak 455
Hardy and grand, a weather-beaten oak,
Fresh in the strength and majesty of age,
One might be likened: flourishing appeared,
Though somewhat past the fulness of his prime,
The other--like a stately sycamore,[GO] 460
That spreads, in gentle[460] pomp, its honied shade.
A general greeting was exchanged; and soon
The Pastor learned that his approach had given
A welcome interruption to discourse
Grave, and in truth too[461] often sad.--"Is Man 465
A child of hope? Do generations press
On generations, without progress made?
Halts the individual, ere his hairs be grey,
Perforce? Are we a creature in whom good
Preponderates, or evil? Doth the will 470
Acknowledge reason's law? A living power
Is virtue, or no better than a name,
Fleeting as health or beauty, and unsound?
So that the only substance which remains,
(For thus the tenor of complaint hath run) 475
Among so many shadows, are the pains
And penalties of miserable life,
Doomed to decay, and then expire in dust!
--Our cogitations this way have been drawn, 479
These are the points," the Wanderer said, "on which
Our inquest turns.--Accord, good Sir! the light
Of your experience to dispel this gloom:
By your persuasive wisdom shall the heart
That frets, or languishes, be stilled and cheered.
"Our nature," said the Priest, in mild reply, 485
"Angels may weigh and fathom: they perceive,
With undistempered and unclouded spirit,
The object as it is; but, for ourselves,
That speculative height _we_ may not reach.
The good and evil are our own; and we 490
Are that which we would contemplate from far.
Knowledge, for us, is difficult to gain--
Is difficult to gain, and hard to keep--
As virtue's self; like virtue is beset
With snares; tried, tempted, subject to decay. 495
Love, admiration, fear, desire, and hate,
Blind were we without these; through these alone
Are capable to notice or discern
Or to record; we judge, but cannot be
Indifferent judges. 'Spite of proudest boast, 500
Reason, best reason, is to imperfect man
An effort only, and a noble aim;
A crown, an attribute of sovereign power,
Still to be courted--never to be won.
--Look forth, or each man dive into himself; 505
What sees he but a creature too perturbed;
That is transported to excess; that yearns,
Regrets, or trembles, wrongly, or too much;
Hopes rashly, in disgust as rash recoils;
Battens on spleen, or moulders in despair? 510
Thus comprehension fails, and truth is missed;
Thus darkness[462] and delusion round our path
Spread, from disease, whose subtle injury lurks
Within the very faculty of sight.
"Yet for the general purposes of faith 515
In Providence, for solace and support,
We may not doubt that who can best subject
The will to reason's law, can[463] strictliest live
And act in that obedience, he shall gain
The clearest apprehension of those truths, 520
Which unassisted reason's utmost power
Is too infirm to reach. But, waiving this,
And our regards confining within bounds
Of less exalted consciousness, through which
The very multitude are free to range, 525
We safely may affirm that human life
Is either fair and[464] tempting, a soft scene
Grateful to sight, refreshing to the soul,
Or a forbidden[465] tract of cheerless view;
Even as the same is looked at, or approached. 530
Thus, when in changeful April fields are white
With new-fallen snow, if from the sullen north
Your walk conduct you hither, ere the sun
Hath gained his noontide height, this churchyard, filled
With mounds[466] transversely lying side by side 535
From east to west, before you will appear
An unillumined, blank, and dreary, plain,[467]
With more than wintry cheerlessness and gloom
Saddening the heart. Go forward, and look back;
Look,[468] from the quarter whence the lord of light, 540
Of life, of love, and gladness doth dispense
His beams; which, unexcluded in their fall,
Upon the southern side of every grave
Have gently exercised a melting power;
_Then_ will a vernal prospect greet your eye, 545
All fresh and beautiful, and green and bright,
Hopeful and cheerful:--vanished is the pall
That overspread and chilled the sacred turf,
Vanished or hidden;[469] and the whole domain,
To some, too lightly minded, might appear 550
A meadow carpet for the dancing hours.[GP]
--This contrast, not unsuitable to life,
Is to that other state more apposite,
Death and its two-fold aspect! wintry--one,
Cold, sullen, blank, from hope and joy shut out; 555
The other, which the ray divine hath touched,
Replete with vivid promise, bright as spring."
"We see, then, as we feel," the Wanderer thus
With a complacent animation spake,
"And in your judgment, Sir! the mind's repose 560
On evidence is not to be ensured
By act of naked reason. Moral truth
Is no mechanic structure, built by rule;
And which, once built, retains a stedfast shape
And undisturbed proportions; but a thing 565
Subject, you deem, to vital accidents;
And, like the water-lily, lives and thrives,
Whose root is fixed in stable earth, whose head
Floats on the tossing waves. With joy sincere
I re-salute these sentiments confirmed 570
By your authority. But how acquire
The inward principle that gives effect
To outward argument; the passive will
Meek to admit; the active energy,
Strong and unbounded to embrace, and firm 575
To keep and cherish? how shall man unite
With[470] self-forgetting tenderness of heart
An[471] earth-despising dignity of soul?
Wise in that union, and without it blind!"
"The way," said I, "to court, if not obtain 580
The ingenuous mind, apt to be set aright;
This, in the lonely dell discoursing, you
Declared at large; and by what exercise
From visible nature, or the inner self
Power may be trained, and renovation brought 585
To those who need the gift. But, after all,
Is aught so certain as that man is doomed
To breathe beneath a vault of ignorance?
The natural roof of that dark house in which
His soul is pent! How little can be known-- 590
This is the wise man's sigh; how far we err--
This is the good man's not unfrequent pang!
And they perhaps err least, the lowly class
Whom a benign necessity compels
To follow reason's least ambitious course; 595
Such do I mean who, unperplexed by doubt,
And unincited by a wish to look
Into high objects farther than they may,
Pace to and fro, from morn till even-tide,
The narrow avenue of daily toil 600
For daily bread."
"Yes," buoyantly exclaimed
The pale Recluse--"praise to the sturdy plough,
And patient spade; praise to the simple crook,[472]
And ponderous loom--resounding while it holds
Body and mind in one captivity; 605
And let the light mechanic tool be hailed
With honour; which, encasing by the power
Of long companionship, the artist's hand,
Cuts off that hand, with all its world of nerves,
From a too busy commerce with the heart! 610
--Inglorious implements of craft and toil,
Both ye that shape and build, and ye that force,
By slow solicitation, earth to yield
Her annual bounty, sparingly dealt forth
With wise reluctance; you would I extol, 615
Not for gross good alone which ye produce,
But for the impertinent and ceaseless strife
Of proofs and reasons ye preclude--in those
Who to your dull society are born,
And with their humble birthright rest content. 620
--Would I had ne'er renounced it!"
A slight flush
Of moral anger previously had tinged
The old Man's cheek; but, at this closing turn
Of self-reproach, it passed away. Said he,
"That which we feel we utter; as we think 625
So have we argued; reaping for our pains
No visible recompense. For our relief
You," to the Pastor turning thus he spake,
"Have kindly interposed. May I entreat
Your further help? The mine of real life 630
Dig for us; and present us, in the shape
Of virgin ore, that gold which we, by pains
Fruitless as those of aëry alchemists,
Seek from the torturing crucible. There lies
Around us a domain where you have long 635
Watched both the outward course and inner heart:[473]
Give us, for our abstractions, solid facts;
For our disputes, plain pictures. Say what man
He is who cultivates yon hanging field;
What qualities of mind she bears, who comes, 640
For morn and evening service, with her pail,
To that green pasture;[GQ] place before our sight
The family who dwell within yon house
Fenced round with glittering laurel;[GR] or in that
Below, from which the curling smoke ascends. 645
Or rather, as we stand on holy earth,
And have the dead around us,[GS] take from them
Your instances; for they are both best known,
And by frail man most equitably judged.
Epitomise the life; pronounce, you can, 650
Authentic epitaphs on some of these
Who, from their lowly mansions hither brought,
Beneath this turf lie mouldering at our feet:
So, by your records, may our doubts be solved;
And so, not searching higher, we may learn 655
_To prize the breath we share with human kind;
And look upon the dust of man with awe._"[474]
The Priest replied--"An office you impose
For which peculiar requisites are mine;
Yet much, I feel, is wanting--else the task 660
Would be most grateful. True indeed it is
That they whom death has hidden from our sight
Are worthiest of the mind's regard; with these
The future cannot contradict the past:
Mortality's last exercise and proof 665
Is undergone; the transit made that shows
The very Soul, revealed as she[475] departs.
Yet, on your first suggestion, will I give,
Ere we descend into these silent vaults,
One picture from the living.
"You behold, 670
High on the breast of yon dark mountain, dark
With stony barrenness,[GT] a shining speck
Bright as a sunbeam sleeping till a shower
Brush it away, or cloud pass over it; 674
And such it might be deemed--a sleeping sunbeam;
But 'tis a plot of cultivated ground,
Cut off, an island in the dusky waste;
And that attractive brightness is its own.
The lofty site, by nature framed to tempt
Amid a wilderness of rocks and stones 680
The tiller's hand, a hermit might have chosen,
For opportunity presented, thence
Far forth to send his wandering eye o'er land
And ocean, and look down upon the works,
The habitations, and the ways of men, 685
Himself unseen! But no tradition tells
That ever hermit dipped his maple dish
In the sweet spring that lurks 'mid yon green fields;
And no such visionary views belong
To those who occupy and till the ground, 690
High on that mountain where they long have dwelt[476]
A wedded pair in childless solitude.
A house of stones collected on the spot,
By rude hands built, with rocky knolls in front,
Backed also by a ledge of rock, whose crest 695
Of birch-trees waves over the chimney top;
A rough abode--in colour, shape, and size,[477]
Such as in unsafe times of border-war
Might have been wished for and contrived, to elude
The eye of roving plunderer--for their need 700
Suffices; and unshaken bears the assault
Of their most dreaded foe, the strong South-west
In anger blowing from the distant sea.
--Alone within her solitary hut;
There, or within the compass of her fields, 705
At any moment may the Dame be found,
True as the stock-dove to her shallow nest
And to the grove that holds it. She beguiles
By intermingled work of house and field
The summer's day, and winter's; with success 710
Not equal, but sufficient to maintain,
Even at the worst, a smooth stream of content,
Until the expected hour at which her Mate
From the far-distant quarry's vault returns;
And by his converse crowns a silent day 715
With evening cheerfulness. In powers of mind,
In scale of culture, few among my flock[478]
Hold lower rank than this sequestered pair:
But true humility descends from heaven;[479]
And that best gift of heaven hath fallen on them; 720
Abundant recompense for every want.
--Stoop from your height, ye proud, and copy these!
Who, in their noiseless dwelling-place, can hear
The voice of wisdom whispering scripture texts
For the mind's government, or temper's peace; 725
And recommending for their mutual need,
Forgiveness, patience, hope, and charity!"
"Much was I pleased," the grey-haired Wanderer said,
"When to those shining fields our notice first
You turned; and yet more pleased have from your lips
Gathered this fair report of them[480] who dwell 731
In that retirement; whither, by such course
Of evil hap and good as oft awaits
A tired way-faring man, once _I_ was brought
While traversing alone yon mountain pass. 735
Dark on my road the autumnal evening fell,[481]
And night succeeded with unusual gloom,[482]
So hazardous that feet and hands became[483]
Guides better than mine eyes--until a light
High in the gloom appeared, too high, methought, 740
For human habitation; but I longed
To reach it, destitute of other hope.
I looked with steadiness as sailors look
On the north star, or watch-tower's distant lamp,
And saw the light--now fixed--and shifting now--[GU] 745
Not like a dancing meteor, but in line
Of never-varying motion, to and fro.
It is no night-fire of the naked hills,
Thought I[484]--some friendly covert must be near.
With this persuasion thitherward my steps 750
I turn, and reach at last the guiding light;
Joy to myself! but to the heart of her
Who there was standing on the open hill,
(The same kind Matron whom your tongue hath praised)
Alarm and disappointment! The alarm 755
Ceased, when she learned through what mishap I came,
And by what help had gained those distant fields.
Drawn from her cottage, on that aëry[485] height,
Bearing a lantern in her hand she stood,
Or paced the ground--to guide her Husband home, 760
By that unwearied signal, kenned afar;[GV]
An anxious duty! which the lofty site,
Traversed but by a few irregular paths,[486]
Imposes, whensoe'er untoward chance
Detains him after his accustomed hour 765
Till night lies black upon the ground. 'But come,
Come,' said the Matron, 'to our poor abode;
Those dark rocks hide it!'[487] Entering, I beheld
A blazing fire--beside a cleanly hearth
Sate down; and to her office, with leave asked, 770
The Dame returned.
"Or ere[488] that glowing pile
Of mountain turf required the builder's hand
Its wasted splendour to repair, the door
Opened, and she re-entered with glad looks,
Her Helpmate following. Hospitable fare, 775
Frank conversation, made the evening's treat:
Need a bewildered traveller wish for more?
But more was given; I studied as we sate
By the bright fire, the good Man's form, and face
Not less than beautiful;[489] an open brow 780
Of undisturbed humanity; a cheek
Suffused with something of a feminine hue;[GW]
Eyes beaming courtesy and mild regard;
But, in the quicker turns of the discourse,
Expression slowly varying, that evinced 785
A tardy apprehension. From a fount
Lost, thought I, in the obscurities of time,
But honoured once, those[490] features and that mien
May have descended, though I see them here.
In such a man, so gentle and subdued, 790
Withal so graceful in his gentleness,
A race illustrious for heroic deeds,
Humbled, but not degraded, may expire.
This pleasing fancy (cherished and upheld
By sundry recollections of such fall 795
From high to low, ascent from low to high,
As books record, and even the careless mind
Cannot but notice among men and things)
Went with me to the place of my repose.[491]
"Roused by the crowing cock at dawn of day, 800
I yet had risen too late to interchange
A morning salutation with my Host,
Gone forth already to the far-off seat
Of his day's work. 'Three dark mid-winter months
'Pass,' said the Matron, 'and I never see, 805
'Save when the sabbath brings its kind release,
'My helpmate's face by light of day. He quits
'His door in darkness, nor till dusk returns.
'And, through Heaven's[492] blessing, thus we gain the bread
'For which we pray; and for the wants provide 810
'Of sickness, accident, and helpless age.
'Companions have I many; many friends,
'Dependants, comforters--my wheel, my fire,
'All day the house-clock ticking in mine ear,
'The cackling hen, the tender chicken brood, 815
'And the wild birds that gather round my porch.
'This honest sheep-dog's countenance I read;
'With him can talk; nor blush to[493] waste a word
'On creatures less intelligent and shrewd.
'And if the blustering wind that drives the clouds 820
'Care not for me, he lingers round my door,
'And makes me pastime when our tempers suit;--
'But, above all, my thoughts are my support,
'My comfort:--would that they were oftener fixed
'On what, for guidance in the way that leads 825
'To heaven, I know, by my Redeemer taught.'
The Matron ended[494]--nor could I forbear
To exclaim--'O happy! yielding to the law
Of these privations, richer in the main!--
While thankless thousands are opprest and clogged 830
By ease and leisure; by the very wealth
And pride of opportunity made poor;
While tens of thousands falter in their path,
And sink, through utter want of cheering light;
For you the hours of labour do not flag; 835
For you each evening hath its shining star,
And every sabbath-day its golden sun.'"
"Yes!" said the Solitary with a smile
That seemed to break from an expanding heart,
"The untutored bird may found, and so construct, 840
And with such soft materials line, her nest
Fixed in the centre of a prickly brake,
That the thorns wound her not; they only guard.
Powers not unjustly likened to those gifts
Of happy instinct which the woodland bird 845
Shares with her species, nature's grace sometimes
Upon the individual doth confer,
Among her[495] higher creatures born and trained
To use of reason. And, I own that, tired
Of the ostentatious world--a swelling stage 850
With empty actions and vain passions stuffed,
And from the private struggles of mankind
Hoping far[496] less than I could wish to hope,
Far less than once I trusted and believed--
I love to hear of those, who, not contending 855
Nor summoned to contend for virtue's prize,
Miss not the humbler good at which they aim,
Blest with a kindly faculty to blunt
The edge of adverse circumstance, and turn
Into their contraries the petty plagues 860
And hindrances with which they stand beset.
In early youth, among my native hills,
I knew a Scottish Peasant who possessed
A few small crofts of stone-encumbered ground;
Masses of every shape and size, that lay 865
Scattered about under[497] the mouldering walls
Of a rough precipice; and some, apart,
In quarters unobnoxious to such chance,
As if the moon had showered them down in spite.
But he repined not. Though the plough was scared 870
By these obstructions, 'round the shady stones
A fertilising moisture,' said the Swain,
'Gathers, and is preserved; and feeding dews
'And damps, through all the droughty summer day
'From out their substance issuing, maintain 875
'Herbage that never fails: no grass springs up
'So green, so fresh, so plentiful, as mine!'
But[498] thinly sown these natures; rare, at least,
The mutual aptitude of seed and soil
That yields such kindly product. He, whose bed 880
Perhaps yon loose sods cover, the poor Pensioner
Brought yesterday from our sequestered dell
Here to lie down in lasting quiet, he,
If living now, could otherwise report
Of rustic loneliness: that grey-haired Orphan-- 885
So call him, for humanity to him
No parent was--feelingly could[499] have told,
In life, in death, what solitude can breed
Of selfishness, and cruelty, and vice;
Or, if it breed not, hath not power to cure. 890
--But your compliance, Sir! with our request
My words too long have hindered."
Undeterred,
Perhaps incited rather, by these shocks,
In no ungracious opposition, given
To the confiding spirit of his own 895
Experienced faith, the reverend Pastor said,
Around him looking; "Where shall I begin?
Who shall be first selected from my flock
Gathered together in their peaceful fold?"
He paused--and having lifted up his eyes 900
To the pure heaven, he cast them down again
Upon the earth beneath his feet; and spake:--
"To a mysteriously-united pair[500]
This place is consecrate; to Death and Life,
And to the best affections that proceed 905
From their conjunction; consecrate to faith
In him who bled for man upon the cross;
Hallowed to revelation; and no less[501]
To reason's mandates; and the hopes divine
Of pure imagination;--above all, 910
To charity, and love, that have provided,
Within these precincts, a capacious bed
And receptacle, open to the good
And evil, to the just and the unjust;
In which they find an equal resting-place: 915
Even as the multitude of kindred brooks
And streams, whose murmur fills this hollow vale,
Whether their course be turbulent or smooth,
Their waters clear or sullied, all are lost
Within the bosom of yon crystal Lake, 920
And end their journey in the same repose!
"And blest are they who sleep; and we that know,
While in a spot like this we breathe and walk,
That all beneath us by the wings are covered
Of motherly humanity, outspread 925
And gathering all within their tender shade,
Though loth and slow to come! A battle-field,
In stillness left when slaughter is no more,
With this compared, makes[502] a strange spectacle!
A dismal prospect yields the wild shore strewn 930
With wrecks, and trod by feet of young and old
Wandering about in miserable search
Of friends or kindred,[503] whom the angry sea
Restores not to their prayer! Ah! who would think
That all the scattered subjects which compose 935
Earth's melancholy vision through the space
Of all her climes--these wretched, these depraved,
To virtue lost, insensible of peace,
From the delights of charity cut off,
To pity dead, the oppressor and the opprest; 940
Tyrants who utter the destroying word,
And slaves who will consent to be destroyed--
Were of one species with the sheltered few,
Who, with a dutiful and tender hand,
Lodged, in a dear appropriated spot,[504] 945
This file of infants; some that never breathed
The vital air; others, which, though allowed[505]
That privilege, did yet expire too soon,
Or with too brief a warning, to admit
Administration of the holy rite 950
That lovingly consigns the babe to the arms
Of Jesus, and his everlasting care.
These that in trembling hope are laid apart;
And the besprinkled nursling, unrequired
Till he begins to smile upon the breast 955
That feeds him; and the tottering little-one
Taken from air and sunshine when the rose
Of infancy first blooms upon his cheek;
The thinking, thoughtless, school-boy; the bold youth
Of soul impetuous, and the bashful maid 960
Smitten while all the promises of life
Are opening round her; those of middle age,
Cast down while confident in strength they stand,
Like pillars fixed more firmly, as might seem,
And more secure, by very weight of all 965
That, for support, rests on them; the decayed
And burthensome; and lastly, that poor few
Whose light of reason is with age extinct;
The hopeful and the hopeless, first and last,
The earliest summoned and the longest spared-- 970
Are here deposited, with tribute paid
Various, but unto each some tribute paid;[506]
As if, amid these peaceful hills and groves,
Society were touched with kind concern,
And gentle 'Nature grieved, that one should die;'[GX]
Or, if the change demanded no regret, 976
Observed the liberating stroke--and blessed.
"And whence that tribute? wherefore these regards?[GY]
Not from the naked _Heart_ alone of Man
(Though claiming high[507] distinction upon earth 980
As the sole spring and fountain-head of tears,
His own peculiar utterance for distress
Or gladness)--No," the philosophic Priest
Continued, "'tis not in the vital seat
Of feeling to produce them, without aid 985
From the pure soul, the soul sublime and pure;
With her two faculties of eye and ear,
The one by which a creature, whom his sins
Have rendered prone, can upward[508] look to heaven;
The other that empowers him to perceive 990
The voice of Deity, on height and plain,
Whispering those truths in stillness, which the Word,
To the four quarters of the winds, proclaims.
Not without such assistance could the use
Of these benign observances prevail: 995
Thus are they born, thus fostered, thus[509] maintained;
And by the care prospective of our wise
Forefathers, who, to guard against the shocks
The fluctuation and decay of things,
Embodied and established these high truths 1000
In solemn institutions:--men convinced
That life is love and immortality,
The being one, and one the element.
There lies the channel, and original bed,
From the beginning, hollowed out and scooped 1005
For Man's affections--else betrayed and lost,
And swallowed up 'mid deserts infinite!
This is the genuine course, the aim, and end
Of prescient reason; all conclusions else
Are abject, vain, presumptuous, and perverse. 1010
The faith partaking of those holy times,
Life, I repeat, is energy of love
Divine or human; exercised in pain,
In strife, in tribulation; and ordained,
If so approved and sanctified, to pass, 1015
Through shades and silent rest, to endless joy."[GZ]