_Images in the Valley--Another Recess in it entered and
described--Wanderer's sensations--Solitary's excited by
the same objects--Contrast between these--Despondency of
the Solitary gently reproved--Conversation exhibiting
the Solitary's past and present opinions and feelings,
till he enters upon his own History at length--His
domestic felicity--Afflictions--Dejection--Roused by the
French Revolution--Disappointment and disgust--Voyage to
America--Disappointment and disgust pursue him--His return--His
languor and depression of mind, from want of faith in the great
truths of Religion, and want of confidence in the virtue of
Mankind._
A HUMMING BEE--a little tinkling rill--
A pair of falcons wheeling on the wing,
In clamorous agitation, round the crest
Of a tall rock, their airy citadel--
By each and all of these the pensive ear 5
Was greeted, in the silence that ensued,
When through the cottage threshold we had passed,
And, deep within that lonesome valley, stood
Once more beneath the concave of a[211] blue
And cloudless sky.--Anon exclaimed our Host, 10
Triumphantly dispersing with the taunt
The shade of discontent which on his brow
Had gathered,--"Ye have left my cell,--but see
How Nature hems you in with friendly arms!
And by her help ye are my prisoners still. 15
But which way shall I lead you?--how contrive,
In spot so parsimoniously endowed,
That the brief hours, which yet remain, may reap
Some recompense of knowledge or delight?"
So saying, round he looked, as if perplexed; 20
And, to remove those doubts, my grey-haired Friend
Said--"Shall we take this pathway for our guide?--
Upward it winds, as if, in summer heats,
Its line had first been fashioned by the flock
Seeking a place of refuge[212] at the root 25
Of yon black Yew-tree, whose protruded boughs
Darken the silver bosom of the crag,[CS]
From which she draws her[213] meagre sustenance.
There in commodious shelter may we rest.
Or let us trace this streamlet to its[214] source; 30
Feebly it tinkles with an earthy sound,
And a few steps may bring us to the spot
Where, haply, crowned with flowerets and green herbs,
The mountain infant to the sun comes forth,
Like human life from darkness."--A quick turn[215] 35
Through a strait passage of encumbered ground,
Proved that such hope was vain:--for now we stood
Shut out from prospect of the open vale,
And saw the water, that composed this rill,
Descending, disembodied, and diffused 40
O'er the smooth surface of an ample crag,
Lofty, and steep, and naked as a tower.
All further progress here was barred;--And who,
Thought I, if master of a vacant hour,
Here would not linger, willingly detained? 45
Whether to such wild objects he were led
When copious rains have magnified the stream
Into a loud and white-robed waterfall,
Or introduced at this more quiet time.
Upon a semicirque of turf-clad ground, 50
The hidden nook discovered to our view
A mass of rock, resembling, as it lay
Right at the foot of that moist precipice,
A stranded ship, with keel upturned, that rests
Fearless of winds and waves. Three several stones 55
Stood near, of smaller size, and not unlike
To monumental pillars: and, from these
Some little space disjoined, a pair were seen,
That with united shoulders bore aloft
A fragment, like an altar, flat and smooth: 60
Barren the tablet, yet thereon appeared[216]
A tall and shining holly, that[217] had found
A hospitable chink, and stood upright,
As if inserted by some human hand
In mockery, to wither in the sun, 65
Or lay its beauty flat before a breeze,
The first that entered. But no breeze did now
Find entrance;--high or low appeared no trace
Of motion, save the water that descended,
Diffused adown that barrier of steep rock, 70
And softly creeping, like a breath of air,
Such as is sometimes seen, and hardly seen,
To brush the still breast of a crystal lake.[CT]
"Behold a cabinet for sages built,
Which kings might envy!"--Praise to this effect 75
Broke from the happy old Man's reverend lip;
Who to the Solitary turned, and said,
"In sooth, with love's familiar privilege,
You have decried the wealth which is your own.[218]
Among these rocks and stones, methinks, I see 80
More than the heedless impress that belongs
To lonely nature's casual work: they bear
A semblance strange of power intelligent,
And of design not wholly worn away.
Boldest of plants that ever faced the wind, 85
How gracefully that slender shrub looks forth
From its fantastic birth-place! And I own,
Some shadowy intimations haunt me here,
That in these shows[219] a chronicle survives
Of purposes akin to those of Man,[CU] 90
But wrought with mightier arm than now prevails.
--Voiceless the stream descends into the gulf
With timid lapse;--and lo! while in this strait
I stand--the chasm of sky above my head
Is heaven's profoundest azure; no domain 95
For fickle, short-lived clouds to occupy,
Or to pass through; but rather an abyss
In which the everlasting stars abide;
And whose soft gloom, and boundless depth, might tempt
The curious eye to look for them by day.[CV] 100
--Hail Contemplation! from the stately towers,
Reared by the industrious hand of human art
To lift thee high above the misty air
And turbulence of murmuring cities vast;
From academic groves, that have for thee 105
Been planted, hither come and find a lodge
To which thou mayst resort for holier peace,--
From whose calm centre thou, through height or depth,
Mayst penetrate, wherever truth shall lead;
Measuring through all degrees, until the scale 110
Of time and conscious nature disappear,
Lost in unsearchable eternity!"[CW]
A pause ensued; and with minuter care
We scanned the various features of the scene:
And soon the Tenant of that lonely vale 115
With courteous voice thus spake--
"I should have grieved
Hereafter, not escaping self-reproach,[220]
If from my poor retirement ye had gone
Leaving this nook unvisited: but, in sooth,
Your unexpected presence had so roused 120
My spirits, that they were bent on enterprise;
And, like an ardent hunter, I forgot,
Or, shall I say?--disdained, the game that lurks[221]
At my own door. The shapes before our eyes,
And their arrangement, doubtless must be deemed 125
The sport of Nature, aided by blind Chance
Rudely to mock the works of toiling Man.
And hence, this upright shaft of unhewn stone,
From Fancy, willing to set off her stores
By sounding titles, hath acquired the name 130
Of Pompey's pillar; that I gravely style
My Theban obelisk; and, there, behold
A Druid cromlech!--thus I entertain
The antiquarian humour, and am pleased
To skim along the surfaces of things, 135
Beguiling harmlessly the listless hours.
But if the spirit be oppressed by sense
Of instability, revolt, decay,
And change, and emptiness, these freaks of Nature
And her blind helper Chance, do _then_ suffice 140
To quicken, and to aggravate--to feed
Pity and scorn, and melancholy pride,
Not less than that huge Pile (from some abyss
Of mortal power unquestionably sprung)[CX]
Whose hoary diadem of pendent rocks 145
Confines the shrill-voiced whirlwind, round and round
Eddying within its vast circumference,
On Sarum's naked plain--than pyramid
Of Egypt, unsubverted, undissolved--
Or Syria's marble ruins towering high[CY] 150
Above the sandy desert, in the light
Of sun or moon.--Forgive me, if I say
That an appearance which hath raised your minds
To an exalted pitch (the self-same cause
Different effect producing) is for me 155
Fraught rather with depression than delight,
Though shame it were, could I not look around,[222]
By the reflection of your pleasure, pleased.
Yet happier, in my judgment, even than you
With your bright transports, fairly may be deemed 160
The wandering Herbalist,[223]--who, clear alike
From vain, and, that worse evil, vexing thoughts,
Casts, if he ever chance to enter here,
Upon these uncouth Forms[224] a slight regard
Of transitory interest, and peeps round 165
For some rare floweret of the hills, or plant
Of craggy fountain; what he hopes for wins,
Or learns, at least, that 'tis not to be won:
Then, keen and eager, as a fine-nosed hound
By soul-engrossing instinct driven along 170
Through wood or open field, the harmless Man
Departs, intent upon his onward quest!--
Nor is that Fellow-wanderer, so deem I,
Less to be envied, (you may trace him oft
By scars which his activity has left 175
Beside our roads and pathways, though, thank Heaven!
This covert nook reports not of his hand)
He who with pocket-hammer smites the edge
Of luckless rock or prominent stone, disguised
In weather-stains or crusted o'er by Nature 180
With her first growths,[225] detaching by the stroke
A chip or splinter--to resolve his doubts;
And, with that ready answer satisfied,
The substance classes by some barbarous name,
And[226] hurries on; or from the fragments picks 185
His specimen, if but haply interveined[227]
With sparkling mineral, or should crystal cube
Lurk in its cells--and thinks himself enriched,
Wealthier, and doubtless wiser, than before!
Intrusted safely each to his pursuit, 190
Earnest alike, let both from hill to hill
Range;[228] if it please them, speed from clime to clime;
The mind is full--and free from pain their pastime."[229]
"Then," said I, interposing, "One is near,
Who cannot but possess in your esteem 195
Place worthier still of envy. May I name,
Without offence, that fair-faced cottage-boy?
Dame Nature's pupil of the lowest form,
Youngest apprentice in the school of art!
Him, as we entered from the open glen, 200
You might have noticed, busily engaged,
Heart, soul, and hands,--in mending the defects
Left in the fabric of a leaky dam
Raised[230] for enabling this penurious stream
To turn a slender mill (that new-made plaything) 205
For his delight--the happiest he of all!"
"Far happiest," answered the desponding Man,
"If, such as now he is, he might remain!
Ah! what avails imagination high
Or question deep? what profits all that earth, 210
Or heaven's blue vault, is suffered to put forth
Of impulse or allurement, for the Soul
To quit the beaten track of life, and soar
Far as she finds a yielding element
In past or future; far as she can go 215
Through time or space--if neither in the one,
Nor in the other region, nor in aught
That Fancy, dreaming o'er the map of things,
Hath placed beyond these penetrable bounds,
Words of assurance can be heard; if nowhere 220
A habitation, for consummate good,
Or for[231] progressive virtue, by the search
Can be attained,--a better sanctuary
From doubt and sorrow, than the senseless grave?"
"Is this," the grey-haired Wanderer mildly said,
"The voice, which we so lately overheard, 226
To that same child, addressing tenderly
The consolations of a hopeful mind?
'_His body is at rest, his soul in heaven._'
These were your words; and, verily, methinks 230
Wisdom is oft-times nearer when we stoop
Than when we soar."--
The Other, not displeased,
Promptly replied--"My notion is the same.
And I, without reluctance, could decline
All act of inquisition whence we rise, 235
And what, when breath hath ceased, we may become.
Here are we, in a bright and breathing world.
Our origin, what matters it? In lack
Of worthier explanation, say at once
With the American (a thought which suits 240
The place where now we stand) that certain men
Leapt out together from a rocky cave;[CZ]
And these were the first parents of mankind:
Or, if a different image be recalled
By the warm sunshine, and the jocund voice 245
Of insects chirping out their careless lives
On these soft beds of thyme-besprinkled turf,
Choose, with the gay Athenian, a conceit
As sound--blithe race! whose mantles were bedecked
With golden grasshoppers,[DA] in sign that they 250
Had sprung, like those bright creatures, from the soil
Whereon their endless generations dwelt.[232]
But stop!--these theoretic fancies jar
On serious minds: then, as the Hindoos draw[233]
Their holy Ganges from a skiey fount,[DB] 255
Even so deduce the stream of human life
From seats of power divine; and hope, or trust,
That our existence winds her[234] stately course
Beneath the sun, like Ganges, to make part
Of a living ocean; or, to sink engulfed,[235] 260
Like Niger, in impenetrable sands
And utter darkness:[DC] thought which may be faced,
Though comfortless!--
"Not of myself I speak;
Such acquiescence neither doth imply,
In me, a meekly-bending spirit soothed 265
By natural piety; nor a lofty mind,
By philosophic discipline prepared
For calm subjection to acknowledged law;
Pleased to have been, contented not to be.
Such palms I boast not;--no! to me, who find, 270
Reviewing my past way, much to condemn,
Little to praise, and nothing to regret,
(Save some remembrances of dream-like joys
That scarcely seem to have belonged to me)
If I must take my choice between the pair 275
That rule alternately the weary hours,
Night is than day more acceptable; sleep
Doth, in my estimate of good, appear
A better state than waking; death than sleep:
Feelingly sweet is stillness after storm, 280
Though under covert of the wormy ground!
"Yet be it said, in justice to myself,
That in more genial times, when I was free
To explore the destiny of human kind
(Not as an intellectual game pursued 285
With curious subtilty, from wish[236] to cheat
Irksome sensations; but by love of truth
Urged on, or haply by intense delight
In feeding thought, wherever thought could feed)
I did not rank with those (too dull or nice, 290
For to my judgment such they then appeared,
Or too aspiring, thankless at the best)
Who, in this frame of human life, perceive
An object whereunto their souls are tied
In discontented wedlock; nor did e'er, 295
From me, those dark impervious shades, that hang
Upon the region whither we are bound,
Exclude a power to enjoy the vital beams
Of present sunshine.--Deities that float
On wings, angelic Spirits! I could muse 300
O'er what from eldest time we have been told
Of your bright forms and glorious faculties,
And with the imagination rest[237] content,
Not wishing more; repining not to tread
The little sinuous path of earthly care, 305
By flowers embellished, and by springs refreshed.[238]
--'Blow winds of autumn!--let your chilling breath
Take the live herbage from the mead, and strip
The shady forest of its green attire,--
And let the bursting clouds to fury rouse 310
The gentle brooks!--Your desolating sway,
Sheds,' I exclaimed, 'no sadness upon me,[239]
And no disorder in your rage I find.
What dignity, what beauty, in this change
From mild to angry, and from sad to gay, 315
Alternate and revolving! How benign,
How rich in animation and delight,
How bountiful these elements--compared
With aught, as more desirable and fair,
Devised by fancy for the golden age; 320
Or the perpetual warbling that prevails
In Arcady,[DE] beneath unaltered skies,
Through the long year in constant quiet bound,
Night hushed as night, and day serene as day!'
--But why this tedious record?--Age, we know, 325
Is garrulous; and solitude is apt
To anticipate the privilege of Age.
From far ye come; and surely with a hope
Of better entertainment:--let us hence!"
Loth to forsake the spot, and still more loth 330
To be diverted from our present theme,
I said, "My thoughts, agreeing, Sir, with yours,
Would push this censure farther;--for, if smiles
Of scornful pity be the just reward
Of Poesy thus courteously employed 335
In framing models to improve the scheme
Of Man's existence, and recast the world,
Why should not grave Philosophy be styled,
Herself, a dreamer of a kindred stock,
A dreamer yet more spiritless and dull? 340
Yes, shall the fine immunities she boasts[240]
Establish sounder titles of esteem
For her, who (all too timid and reserved
For onset, for resistance too inert,
Too weak for suffering, and for hope too tame) 345
Placed, among[241] flowery gardens curtained round
With world-excluding groves, the brotherhood
Of soft Epicureans,[DF] taught--if they
The ends of being would secure, and win
The crown of wisdom--to yield up their souls 350
To a voluptuous unconcern, preferring
Tranquillity to all things. Or is she,"
I cried, "more worthy of regard, the Power,
Who, for the sake of sterner quiet, closed
The Stoic's[DG] heart against the vain approach 355
Of admiration, and all sense of joy?"
His countenance gave notice that my zeal
Accorded little with his present mind;
I ceased, and he resumed.--"Ah! gentle Sir,
Slight, if you will, the _means_; but spare to slight 360
The _end_ of those, who did, by system, rank,
As the prime object of a wise man's aim,
Security from shock of accident,
Release from fear; and cherished peaceful days
For their own sakes, as mortal life's chief good, 365
And only reasonable felicity.
What motive drew, what impulse, I would ask,
Through a long course of later ages, drove
The hermit to his cell in forest wide;
Or what detained him, till his closing eyes 370
Took their last farewell of the sun and stars,
Fast anchored in the desert?--Not alone
Dread of the persecuting sword, remorse,
Wrongs unredressed, or insults unavenged
And unavengeable, defeated pride, 375
Prosperity subverted, maddening want,
Friendship betrayed, affection unreturned,
Love with despair, or grief in agony;--
Not always from intolerable pangs 379
He fled; but, compassed round by pleasure, sighed
For independent happiness; craving peace,
The central feeling of all happiness,
Not as a refuge from distress or pain,
A breathing-time, vacation, or a truce,
But for its absolute self; a life of peace, 385
Stability without regret or fear;
That hath been, is, and shall be evermore!--
Such the reward he sought; and wore out life,
There, where on few external things his heart
Was set, and those his own; or, if not his, 390
Subsisting under nature's stedfast law.
"What other yearning was the master tie
Of the monastic brotherhood, upon rock
Aërial, or in green secluded vale,
One after one, collected from afar, 395
An undissolving fellowship?--What but this,
The universal instinct of repose,
The longing for confirmed tranquillity,
Inward and outward; humble, yet sublime:
The life where hope and memory are as one; 400
Where earth is quiet and her face unchanged
Save by the simplest toil of human hands
Or seasons' difference; the immortal Soul[242]
Consistent in self-rule; and heaven revealed
To meditation in that quietness!-- 405
Such was their scheme: and though the wished for end
By multitudes was missed, perhaps attained
By none, they for the attempt, and pains employed,[243]
Do, in my present censure, stand redeemed
From the unqualified disdain, that once 410
Would have been cast upon them by my voice
Delivering her[244] decisions from the seat
Of forward youth--that scruples not to solve
Doubts, and determine questions, by the rules
Of inexperienced judgment, ever prone 415
To overweening faith; and is inflamed,
By courage, to demand from real life
The test of act and suffering, to provoke
Hostility--how dreadful when it comes,
Whether affliction be the foe, or guilt! 420
"A child of earth, I rested, in that stage
Of my past course to which these thoughts advert,
Upon earth's native energies; forgetting
That mine was a condition which required
Nor energy, nor fortitude--a calm 425
Without vicissitude; which, if the like
Had been presented to my view elsewhere,
I might have even been tempted to despise.
But no--for the serene[245] was also bright;
Enlivened happiness with joy o'erflowing, 430
With joy, and--oh! that memory should survive
To speak the word--with rapture! Nature's boon,
Life's genuine inspiration, happiness
Above what rules can teach, or fancy feign;
Abused, as all possessions _are_[246] abused 435
That are not prized according to their worth.
And yet, what worth? what good is given to men,
More solid than the gilded clouds of heaven?
What joy more lasting than a vernal flower?
None! 'tis the general plaint of human kind 440
In solitude: and mutually addressed
From each to all, for wisdom's sake:--This truth
The priest announces from his holy seat:
And, crowned with garlands in the summer grove,
The poet fits it to his pensive lyre. 445
Yet, ere that final resting-place be gained,
Sharp contradictions may arise, by doom
Of this same life, compelling us to grieve[247]
That the prosperities of love and joy
Should be permitted, oft-times, to endure 450
So long, and be at once cast down for ever.
Oh! tremble, ye, to whom hath been assigned
A course of days composing happy months,
And they as happy years; the present still
So like the past, and both so firm a pledge 455
Of a congenial future, that the wheels
Of pleasure move without the aid of hope:
For Mutability is Nature's bane;
And slighted Hope _will_[248] be avenged; and, when
Ye need her favours, ye shall find her not; 460
But in her stead--fear--doubt--and agony!"
This was the bitter language of the heart:
But, while he spake, look, gesture, tone of voice,
Though discomposed and vehement, were such
As skill and graceful nature might suggest 465
To a proficient of the tragic scene
Standing before the multitude, beset
With dark events. Desirous to divert[249]
Or stem the current of the speaker's thoughts,
We signified a wish to leave that place 470
Of stillness and close privacy, a nook
That seemed for self-examination made;[250]
Or, for confession, in the sinner's need,
Hidden from all men's view.[DH] To our attempt
He yielded not; but, pointing to a slope 475
Of mossy turf defended from the sun,
And on that couch inviting us to rest,
Full on[251] that tender-hearted Man he turned
A serious eye, and his speech thus[252] renewed.
"You never saw, your eyes did never look 480
On the bright form of Her whom once I loved:--
Her silver voice was heard upon the earth,
A sound unknown to you; else, honoured Friend!
Your heart had borne a pitiable share
Of what I suffered, when I wept that loss, 485
And suffer now, not seldom, from the thought
That I remember, and can weep no more.--
Stripped as I am of all the golden fruit
Of self-esteem; and by the cutting blasts
Of self-reproach familiarly assailed; 490
Yet would I not be[253] of such wintry bareness
But that some leaf of your regard should hang
Upon my naked branches:--lively thoughts
Give birth, full often, to unguarded words;
I grieve that, in your presence, from my tongue 495
Too much of frailty hath already dropped;
But that too much demands still more.
"You know,
Revered Compatriot--and to you, kind Sir,
(Not to be deemed a stranger, as you come
Following the guidance of these welcome feet 500
To our secluded vale) it may be told--
That my demerits did not sue in vain
To One on whose mild radiance many gazed
With hope, and all with pleasure. This fair Bride--
In the devotedness of youthful love, 505
Preferring me to parents, and the choir
Of gay companions, to the natal roof,
And all known places and familiar sights
(Resigned with sadness gently weighing down
Her trembling expectations, but no more 510
Than did to her due honour, and to me
Yielded, that day, a confidence sublime
In what I had to build upon)--this Bride,
Young, modest, meek, and beautiful, I led
To a low cottage in a sunny bay, 515
Where the salt sea innocuously breaks,
And the sea breeze as innocently breathes,
On Devon's leafy shores;[DI]--a sheltered hold,
In a soft clime encouraging the soil
To a luxuriant bounty!--As our steps 520
Approach the embowered abode--our chosen seat--
See, rooted in the earth, her[254] kindly bed,
The unendangered myrtle, decked with flowers,
Before the threshold stands to welcome us!
While, in the flowering myrtle's neighbourhood, 525
Not overlooked but courting no regard,
Those native plants, the holly and the yew,
Gave modest intimation to the mind
How willingly their aid[255] they would unite
With the green myrtle, to endear the hours 530
Of winter, and protect that pleasant place.
--Wild were the walks upon those lonely Downs,[DJ]
Track leading into track; how marked, how worn
Into bright verdure, between fern and gorse,
Winding away its never ending line 535
On their smooth surface, evidence was none:
But, there, lay open to our daily haunt
A range of unappropriated earth,
Where youth's ambitious feet might move at large;
Whence, unmolested wanderers, we beheld 540
The shining giver of the day diffuse
His brightness o'er a tract of sea and land
Gay as our spirits, free as our desires;
As our enjoyments, boundless.--From those heights
We dropped, at pleasure, into sylvan combs;[DJ] 545
Where arbours of impenetrable shade,
And mossy seats, detained us side by side,
With hearts at ease, and knowledge in our hearts
'That all the grove and all the day was ours.'
"O happy time! still happier was at hand; 550
For Nature called my Partner to resign
Her share in the pure freedom of that life,[256]
Enjoyed by us in common.--To my hope,
To my heart's wish, my tender Mate became
The thankful captive of maternal bonds; 555
And those wild paths were left to me alone.
There could I meditate on follies past;
And, like a weary voyager escaped
From risk and hardship, inwardly retrace
A course of vain delights and thoughtless guilt, 560
And self-indulgence--without shame pursued.
There, undisturbed, could think of and could thank
Her whose submissive spirit was to me
Rule and restraint--my guardian--shall I say
That earthly Providence, whose guiding love 565
Within a port of rest had lodged me safe;
Safe from temptation, and from danger far?
Strains followed of acknowledgment addressed
To an Authority enthroned above 569
The reach of sight; from whom, as from their source,
Proceed all visible ministers of good
That walk the earth--Father of heaven and earth,
Father, and king, and judge, adored and feared!
These acts of mind, and memory, and heart,
And spirit--interrupted and relieved 575
By observations transient as the glance
Of flying sunbeams, or to the outward form
Cleaving with power inherent and intense,
As the mute insect fixed upon the plant 579
On whose soft leaves it hangs, and from whose cup
It draws its nourishment imperceptibly--[257]
Endeared my wanderings; and the mother's kiss
And infant's smile awaited my return.
"In privacy we dwelt, a wedded pair,
Companions daily, often all day long; 585
Not placed by fortune within easy reach
Of various intercourse, nor wishing aught
Beyond the allowance of our own fire-side,
The twain within our happy cottage born,
Inmates, and heirs of our united love; 590
Graced mutually by difference of sex,
And with[258] no wider interval of time
Between their several births than served for one
To establish something of a leader's sway;
Yet left them joined by sympathy in age; 595
Equals in pleasure, fellows in pursuit.
On these two pillars rested as in air
Our solitude.
"It soothes me to perceive,
Your courtesy withholds not from my words
Attentive audience. But, oh! gentle Friends, 600
As times of quiet and unbroken peace,
Though, for a nation, times of blessedness,
Give back faint echoes from the historian's page;
So, in the imperfect sounds of this discourse,
Depressed I hear, how faithless is the voice 605
Which those most blissful days reverberate.
What special record can, or need, be given
To rules and habits, whereby much was done,
But all within the sphere of little things;
Of humble, though, to us, important cares, 610
And precious interests? Smoothly did our life
Advance, swerving not[259] from the path prescribed;
Her annual, her diurnal, round alike
Maintained with faithful care. And you divine
The worst effects that[260] our condition saw 615
If you imagine changes slowly wrought,
And in their progress[261] unperceivable;[262]
Not wished for; sometimes noticed with a sigh,
(Whate'er of good or lovely they might bring)
Sighs of regret, for the familiar good 620
And loveliness endeared which they removed.
"Seven years of occupation undisturbed
Established seemingly a right to hold
That happiness; and use and habit gave
To what an alien spirit had acquired 625
A patrimonial sanctity. And thus,
With thoughts and wishes bounded to this world,
I lived and breathed; most grateful--if to enjoy
Without repining or desire for more,
For different lot, or change to higher sphere, 630
(Only except some impulses of pride
With no determined object, though upheld
By theories with suitable support)--
Most grateful, if in such wise to enjoy
Be proof of gratitude for what we have; 635
Else, I allow, most thankless.--But, at once,
From some dark seat of fatal power was urged
A claim that shattered all.--Our blooming girl,
Caught in the gripe of death, with such brief time
To struggle in as scarcely would allow 640
Her cheek to change its colour, was conveyed
From us to inaccessible worlds, to regions[263]
Where height, or depth, admits not the approach
Of living man, though longing to pursue.
--With even as brief a warning--and how soon, 645
With what short interval of time between,
I tremble yet to think of--our last prop,
Our happy life's only remaining stay--
The brother followed; and was seen no more![DK]
"Calm as a frozen lake when ruthless winds 650
Blow fiercely, agitating earth and sky,
The Mother now remained; as if in her,
Who, to the lowest region of the soul,
Had been erewhile unsettled and disturbed,
This second visitation had no power 655
To shake; but only to bind up and seal;
And to establish thankfulness of heart
In Heaven's determinations, ever just.
The eminence whereon[264] her spirit stood,
Mine was unable to attain. Immense 660
The space that severed us! But, as the sight
Communicates with heaven's ethereal orbs
Incalculably distant; so, I felt
That consolation may descend from far
(And that is intercourse, and union, too,) 665
While, overcome with speechless gratitude,
And, with a holier love inspired, I looked
On her--at once superior to my woes
And partner of my loss.--O heavy change!
Dimness o'er this clear luminary crept 670
Insensibly;--the immortal and divine
Yielded to mortal reflux; her pure glory,
As from the pinnacle of worldly state
Wretched ambition drops astounded, fell
Into a gulf obscure of silent grief, 675
And keen heart-anguish--of itself ashamed,
Yet obstinately cherishing itself:
And, so consumed, she melted from my arms;
And left me, on this earth, disconsolate!
"What followed cannot be reviewed in thought; 680
Much less, retraced in words. If she, of life
Blameless, so intimate with love and joy
And all the tender motions of the soul,
Had been supplanted, could I hope to stand--
Infirm, dependent, and now destitute? 685
I called on dreams and visions, to disclose
That which is veiled from waking thought; conjured
Eternity, as men constrain a ghost
To appear and answer; to the grave I spake
Imploringly;--looked up, and asked the Heavens 690
If Angels traversed their cerulean floors,
If fixed or wandering star could tidings yield
Of the departed spirit--what abode
It occupies--what consciousness retains
Of former loves and interests. Then my soul 695
Turned inward,--to examine of what stuff
Time's fetters are composed; and life was put
To inquisition, long and profitless!
By pain of heart--now checked--and now impelled--
The intellectual power, through words and things, 700
Went sounding on, a dim and perilous way![DL]
And from those transports, and these toils abstruse,
Some trace am I enabled to retain
Of time, else lost;--existing unto me
Only by records in myself not found. 705
"From that abstraction I was roused,--and how?
Even as a thoughtful shepherd by a flash
Of lightning startled in a gloomy cave
Of these wild hills. For, lo! the dread Bastile,[DM]
With all the chambers in its horrid towers, 710
Fell to the ground:--by violence overthrown
Of indignation; and with shouts that drowned
The crash it made in falling! From the wreck
A golden palace rose, or seemed to rise,
The appointed seat of equitable law 715
And mild paternal sway. The potent shock
I felt: the transformation I perceived,
As marvellously seized as in that moment
When, from the blind mist issuing, I beheld
Glory--beyond all glory ever seen, 720
Confusion infinite of heaven and earth,
Dazzling the soul. Meanwhile, prophetic harps
In every grove were ringing, 'War shall cease;
Did ye not hear that conquest is abjured?
Bring garlands, bring forth choicest flowers, to deck 725
The tree of Liberty.'[DN]--My heart rebounded;
My melancholy voice the chorus joined;
--'Be joyful all ye nations; in all lands,
Ye that are capable of joy be glad!
Henceforth, whate'er is wanting to yourselves 730
In others ye shall promptly find;--and all,
Enriched by mutual and reflected wealth,
Shall with one heart honour their common kind.'[265]
"Thus was I reconverted to the world;
Society became my glittering bride, 735
And airy hopes my children.--From the depths
Of natural passion, seemingly escaped,
My soul diffused herself[266] in wide embrace
Of institutions, and the forms of things,
As they exist, in mutable array, 740
Upon life's surface. What, though in my veins
There flowed no Gallic blood, nor had I breathed
The air of France, not less than Gallic zeal
Kindled and burnt among the sapless twigs
Of my exhausted heart. If busy men 745
In sober conclave met, to weave a web
Of amity, whose living threads should stretch
Beyond the seas, and to the farthest pole,
There did I sit, assisting. If, with noise
And acclamation, crowds in open air 750
Expressed the tumult of their minds, my voice
There mingled, heard or not. The powers of song
I left not uninvoked; and, in still groves,
Where mild enthusiasts tuned a pensive lay
Of thanks and expectation, in accord 755
With their belief, I sang Saturnian rule
Returned,--a progeny of golden years
Permitted to descend, and bless mankind.
--With promises the Hebrew Scriptures teem:
I felt their[267] invitation; and resumed 760
A long-suspended office in the House
Of public worship, where, the glowing phrase
Of ancient inspiration serving me,
I promised also,--with undaunted trust
Foretold, and added prayer to prophecy; 765
The admiration winning of the crowd;
The help desiring of the pure devout.
"Scorn and contempt forbid me to proceed!
But History, time's slavish scribe, will tell
How rapidly the zealots of the cause 770
Disbanded--or in hostile ranks appeared;
Some, tired of honest service; these, outdone,
Disgusted therefore, or appalled, by aims
Of fiercer zealots--so confusion reigned,
And the more faithful were compelled to exclaim, 775
As Brutus did to Virtue, 'Liberty,
I worshipped thee, and find thee but a Shade!'[DO]
"Such recantation had for me no charm,
Nor would I bend to it; who should have grieved
At aught, however fair, that[268] bore the mien 780
Of a conclusion, or catastrophe.
Why then conceal, that, when the simply[269] good
In timid selfishness withdrew, I sought
Other support, not scrupulous whence it came;
And, by what compromise it stood, not nice? 785
Enough if notions seemed to be high-pitched,
And qualities determined.--Among men
So charactered did I maintain a strife[270]
Hopeless, and still more hopeless every hour;
But, in the process, I began to feel 790
That, if the emancipation of the world
Were missed, I should at least secure my own,
And be in part compensated. For rights,
Widely--inveterately usurped upon,
I spake with vehemence; and promptly seized 795
All that[271] Abstraction furnished for my needs
Or purposes;[DP] nor scrupled to proclaim,
And propagate, by liberty of life,
Those new persuasions. Not that I rejoiced,
Or even found pleasure, in such vagrant course, 800
For its own sake; but farthest from the walk
Which I had trod in happiness and peace,
Was most inviting to a troubled mind;
That, in a struggling and distempered world,
Saw a seductive image of herself.[272] 805
Yet, mark the contradictions of which Man
Is still the sport! Here Nature was my guide,
The Nature of the dissolute; but thee,
O fostering Nature! I rejected--smiled
At others' tears in pity; and in scorn 810
At those, which thy soft influence sometimes drew
From my unguarded heart.--The tranquil shores
Of Britain circumscribed me; else, perhaps
I might have been entangled among deeds,
Which, now, as infamous, I should abhor-- 815
Despise, as senseless: for my spirit relished
Strangely the exasperation of that Land,
Which turned an angry beak against the down
Of her own breast; confounded into hope
Of disencumbering thus her fretful wings.[273] 820
"But all was quieted by iron bonds
Of military sway. The shifting aims,
The moral interests, the creative might,
The varied functions and high attributes
Of civil action, yielded to a power 825
Formal, and odious, and contemptible.
--In Britain, ruled a panic dread of change;
The weak were praised, rewarded, and advanced;
And, from the impulse of a just disdain,
Once more did I retire into myself. 830
There feeling no contentment, I resolved
To fly, for safeguard, to some foreign shore,
Remote from Europe; from her blasted hopes;
Her fields of carnage, and polluted air. 834
"Fresh blew the wind, when o'er the Atlantic Main
The ship went gliding with her thoughtless crew;
And who among them but an Exile, freed
From discontent, indifferent, pleased to sit
Among the busily-employed, not more
With obligation charged, with service taxed, 840
Than the loose pendant--to the idle wind
Upon the tall mast streaming. But, ye Powers
Of soul and sense mysteriously allied,
O, never let the Wretched, if a choice
Be left him, trust the freight of his distress 845
To a long voyage on the silent deep!
For, like a plague, will memory break out;
And, in the blank and solitude of things,
Upon his spirit, with a fever's strength,
Will conscience prey.--Feebly must they have felt 850
Who, in old time, attired with snakes and whips
The vengeful Furies. _Beautiful_ regards
Were turned on me--the face of her I loved;
The Wife and Mother pitifully fixing
Tender reproaches, insupportable! 855
Where now that boasted liberty? No welcome
From unknown objects I received; and those,
Known and familiar, which the vaulted sky
Did, in the placid clearness of the night,
Disclose, had accusations to prefer 860
Against my peace. Within the cabin stood
That volume--as a compass for the soul--
Revered among the nations. I implored
Its guidance; but the infallible support
Of faith was wanting. Tell me, why refused 865
To One by storms annoyed and adverse winds;
Perplexed with currents; of his weakness sick;
Of vain endeavours tired; and by his own,
And by his nature's, ignorance, dismayed! 869
"Long wished-for sight, the Western World appeared;
And, when the ship was moored, I leaped ashore
Indignantly--resolved to be a man,
Who, having o'er the past no power, would live
No longer in subjection to the past,
With abject mind--from a tyrannic lord 875
Inviting penance, fruitlessly endured:
So, like a fugitive, whose feet have cleared
Some boundary, which his followers may not cross
In prosecution of their deadly chase,
Respiring I looked round.--How bright the sun, 880
The breeze how soft! Can any thing produced[274]
In the old World compare, thought I, for power
And majesty with this gigantic stream,
Sprung from the desert?[DQ] And behold a city 884
Fresh, youthful, and aspiring![DR] What are these
To me, or I to them? As much at least
As he desires that they should be, whom winds
And waves have wafted to this distant shore,
In the condition of a damaged seed,
Whose fibres cannot, if they would, take root. 890
Here may I roam at large;--my business is,
Roaming at large, to observe, and not to feel
And, therefore, not to act--convinced that all
Which bears the name of action, howsoe'er
Beginning, ends in servitude--still painful, 895
And mostly profitless. And, sooth to say,
On nearer view, a motley spectacle
Appeared, of high pretensions--unreproved
But by the obstreperous voice of higher still;
Big passions strutting on a petty stage; 900
Which a detached spectator may regard
Not unamused.--But ridicule demands
Quick change of objects; and, to laugh alone,
At a composing distance[275] from the haunts
Of strife and folly, though it be a treat 905
As choice as musing Leisure can bestow;
Yet, in the very centre of the crowd,
To keep the secret of a poignant scorn,
Howe'er to airy Demons suitable,
Of all unsocial courses, is least fit[276] 910
For the gross spirit of mankind,--the one
That soonest fails to please, and quickliest turns
Into vexation.
"Let us, then, I said,
Leave this unknit Republic to the scourge
Of her[277] own passions; and to regions haste, 915
Whose shades have never felt the encroaching axe,
Or soil endured a transfer in the mart
Of dire rapacity. There, Man abides,
Primeval Nature's child. A creature weak
In combination, (wherefore else driven back 920
So far, and of his old inheritance
So easily deprived?) but, for that cause,
More dignified, and stronger in himself;
Whether to act, judge, suffer, or enjoy.
True, the intelligence of social art 925
Hath overpowered his forefathers, and soon
Will sweep the remnant of his line away;
But contemplations, worthier, nobler far
Than her destructive energies, attend
His independence, when along the side 930
Of Mississippi, or that northern stream[DS]
That[278] spreads into successive seas,[DT] he walks;
Pleased to perceive his own unshackled life,
And his innate capacities of soul,
There imaged: or when, having gained the top 935
Of some commanding eminence, which yet
Intruder ne'er beheld, he thence surveys
Regions of wood and wide savannah, vast
Expanse of unappropriated earth,
With mind that sheds a light on what he sees; 940
Free as the sun, and lonely as the sun,
Pouring above his head its radiance down
Upon a living and rejoicing world!
"So, westward, tow'rd the unviolated woods
I bent my way; and, roaming far and wide, 945
Failed not to greet the merry Mocking-bird;[DU]
And, while the melancholy Muccawiss
(The sportive bird's companion in the grove)
Repeated, o'er and o'er, his plaintive cry,[DV]
I sympathised at leisure with the sound; 950
But that pure archetype of human greatness,
I found him not. There, in his stead, appeared
A creature, squalid, vengeful, and impure;
Remorseless, and submissive to no law
But superstitious fear, and abject sloth. 955
"Enough is told! Here am I--ye have heard
What evidence I seek, and vainly seek;
What from my fellow-beings I require,
And either they have not to give, or I
Lack virtue to receive; what I myself, 960
Too oft by wilful forfeiture, have lost[279]
Nor can regain. How languidly I look
Upon this visible fabric of the world,
May be divined--perhaps it hath been said:--
But spare your pity, if there be in me 965
Aught that deserves respect: for I exist,
Within myself, not comfortless.--The tenour
Which my life holds, he readily may conceive
Whoe'er hath stood to watch a mountain brook
In some still passage of its course, and seen, 970
Within the depths of its capacious breast,
Inverted trees, rocks, clouds, and azure sky;[280]
And, on its glassy surface, specks of foam,
And conglobated bubbles undissolved,
Numerous as stars; that, by their onward lapse, 975
Betray to sight the motion of the stream,
Else imperceptible. Meanwhile, is heard
A softened roar, or murmur;[281] and the sound
Though soothing, and the little floating isles
Though beautiful, are both by Nature charged 980
With the same pensive office; and make known
Through what perplexing labyrinths, abrupt
Precipitations, and untoward straits,
The earth-born wanderer hath passed; and quickly,
That respite o'er, like traverses and toils 985
Must he again encounter.[282]--Such a stream
Is human Life; and so the Spirit fares
In the best quiet to her[283] course allowed;
And such is mine,--save only for a hope
That my particular current soon will reach 990
The unfathomable gulf, where all is still!"