the aborigines to the present day. The story is done. The Republic
has passed through stormy times, but has at last entered her second
century in safety and peace. The clouds that were recently so black
overhead have broken, and are sinking behind the horizon. The equality
of all men before the law has been written with the iron pen of
war in the Constitution of the Nation. The Union of the States has
been consecrated anew by the blood of patriots and the tears of the
lowly. The temple of freedom reared by our fathers still stands in
undiminished glory. THE PAST HAS TAUGHT ITS LESSON; THE PRESENT HAS
ITS DUTY; AND THE FUTURE ITS HOPE.
REVIEW QUESTIONS.--PART VII.
CHAPTER L.
1. Tell about the thirteenth amendment.
2. Trace the reconstruction measures of President Johnson's
administration.
3. Give an account of the purchase of Alaska.
4. Tell about the Atlantic cable.
CHAPTER LI.
5. Give an account of the adoption of the fourteenth and fifteenth
amendments.
6. Detail the Alabama Claims controversy and tell how it was settled.
7. Tell about the great fires of 1871-72.
8. Outline the Indian troubles with the Modocs and the Sioux.
9. Give an account of the Credit Mobilier.
10. Tell about the Centennial exposition.
11. Give an account of the contested election of 1876, and how it was
adjusted.
CHAPTER LII.
12. Tell about the railroad strikes in the early part of President
Hayes's administration.
13. Give an account of the troubles with the Nez Percé Indians.
14. Give the leading Congressional measures of these four years.
15. Tell about General Grant's tour around the world.
CHAPTER LIII.
16. Give an account of the presidency and death of Garfield.
17. Outline the presidency of Arthur and the progress of applied
science during his term of office.
CHAPTER LIV.
18. State the general condition and trace the measures of Cleveland's
administration.
19. Tell about the Charleston earthquake.
20. What great leaders of the Civil War died during these four years?
CHAPTER LV.
21. Give an account of the election of President Harrison, and of his
entrance upon office.
22. Summarize the leading events which have occurred during his
administration.
APPENDIX.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect
union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the
common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings
of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States of North America.
ARTICLE I.
SECTION 1.--All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in
a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and
House of Representatives.
SEC. 2.--The House of Representatives shall be composed of members
chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the
electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for
electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature.
No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State
in which he shall be chosen.
Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several
States which may be included within this Union, according to their
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term
of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other
persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after
the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within
every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law
direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every
thirty thousand; but each State shall have at least one representative;
and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire
shall be entitled to choose three; Massachusetts, eight; Rhode Island
and Providence Plantations, one; Connecticut, five; New York, six;
New Jersey, four; Pennsylvania, eight; Delaware, one; Maryland, six;
Virginia, ten; North Carolina, five; South Carolina, five; and Georgia,
three.
When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the
executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such
vacancies.
The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other
officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment.
SEC. 3.--The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six
years; and each senator shall have one vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first
election, they shall be divided, as equally as may be, into three
classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated
at the expiration of the second year; of the second class, at the
expiration of the fourth year; and of the third class at the expiration
of the sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every second year;
and if vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the
recess of the legislature of any State, the executive thereof may make
temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature which
shall then fill such vacancies.
No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of
thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which
he shall be chosen.
The Vice-president of the United States shall be president of the
Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.
The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president
_pro tempore_, in the absence of the Vice-president, or when he shall
exercise the office as President of the United States.
The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When
sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When
the President of the United States is tried, the chief-justice shall
preside; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of
two thirds of the members present.
Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office
of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party
convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment,
trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law.
SEC. 4.--The times, places, and manner of holding elections for
senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the
legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, make
or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year; and such
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by
law appoint a different day.
SEC. 5.--Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns,
and qualifications of its own members; and a majority of each shall
constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn
from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of
absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house
may provide.
Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its
members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two
thirds, expel a member.
Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment
require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house,
on any question, shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be
entered on the journal.
Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any
other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.
SEC. 6.--The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation
for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the
treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases except treason,
felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their
attendance on the session of their respective houses, and in going to
and returning from the same; and, for any speech or debate in either
house, they shall not be questioned in any other place.
No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the
United States which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof
shall have been increased, during such time; and no person holding any
office under the United States shall be a member of either house during
his continuance in office.
SEC. 7.--All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of
Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments,
as on other bills.
Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the
Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of
the United States; if he approve he shall sign it; but if not, he shall
return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have
originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal,
and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two
thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent,
together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall
likewise be reconsidered, and, if approved by two thirds of that house,
it shall become a law. But, in all such cases, the votes of both houses
shall be determined by yeas and nays; and the names of the persons
voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each
house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President
within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented
to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it,
unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which
case it shall not be a law.
Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a
question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of
the United States; and, before the same shall take effect, shall be
approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two
thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the
rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.
SEC. 8.--The Congress shall have power:--
To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the
debts, and provide for the common defense and general welfare, of the
United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform
throughout the United States:
To borrow money on the credit of the United States:
To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several
States, and with the Indian tribes:
To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the
subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States:
To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix
the standard of weights and measures:
To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and
current coin of the United States:
To establish post-offices and post-roads:
To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for
limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their
respective writings and discoveries:
To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court:
To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas,
and offenses against the law of nations:
To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules
concerning captures on land and water:
To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that use
shall be for a longer term than two years:
To provide and maintain a navy:
To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval
forces:
To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the
Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions:
To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and
for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of
the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment
of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to
the discipline prescribed by Congress:
To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over
such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of
particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of
government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over
all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State
in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines,
arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings:--And
To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by
this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any
department or officer thereof.
SEC. 9.--The migration or importation of such persons, as any of
the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be
prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred
and eight; but a tax, or duty, may be imposed on such importation, not
exceeding ten dollars for each person.
The privilege of the writ of _habeas corpus_ shall not be suspended,
unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may
require it.
No bill of attainder or _ex post facto_ law shall be passed.
No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion
to the census, or enumeration, hereinbefore directed to be taken.
No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No
preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to
the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound
to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties, in
another.
No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of
appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the
receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from
time to time.
No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no
person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without
the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office,
or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.
SEC. 10.--No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or
confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit
bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in
payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, _ex post facto_ law,
or law impairing the obligation of contracts; or grant any title of
nobility.
No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or
duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary
for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties
and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the
use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be
subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall,
without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops
or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact
with another State or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless
actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.
ARTICLE II.
SECTION 1.--The executive power shall be vested in a President of the
United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of
four years, and together with the Vice-president, chosen for the same
term, be elected as follows:--
Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may
direct, a number of electors equal to the whole number of senators and
representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but
no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or
profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector.
The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot
for two persons, of whom one, at least, shall not be an inhabitant
of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all
the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which
list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of
the government of the United States, directed to the president of the
Senate. The president of the Senate shall, in the presence of the
Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates; and the
votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number
of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the
whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who
have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House
of Representatives shall immediately choose, by ballot, one of them
for President; and if no person have a majority, then, from the five
highest on the list, the said house shall, in like manner, choose the
President. But, in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by
States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum
for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds
of the States; and a majority of all the States shall be necessary
to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the
person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be
Vice-president. But, if there should remain two or more who have equal
votes, the Senate shall choose from them, by ballot, the Vice-president.
The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the
day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same
throughout the United States.
No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United
States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be
eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be
eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of
thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United
States.
In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death,
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers or duties of the said
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-president; and the Congress
may, by law, provide for the case of removal, death, resignation,
or inability, both of the President and Vice-president, declaring
what officer shall then act as President; and such officer shall act
accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be
elected.
The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a
compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during
the period for which he shall have been elected; and he shall not
receive within that period any other emolument from the United States
or any of them.
Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the
following oath or affirmation:--
"I do solemnly swear (or affirm), that I will faithfully execute the
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my
ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United
States."
SEC. 2.--The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States,
when called into the actual service of the United States; he may
require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of
the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of
their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves
and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of
impeachment.
He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
to make treaties, provided two thirds of the senators present concur;
and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of
the Senate, shall appoint, ambassadors, other public ministers, and
consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the
United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided
for, and which shall be established by law; but the Congress may, by
law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think
proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads
of departments.
The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen
during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which shall
expire at the end of their next session.
SEC. 3.--He shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information
of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration
such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on
extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and,
in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of
adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper;
he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take
care that the laws be faithfully executed; and shall commission all the
officers of the United States.
SEC. 4.--The President, Vice-president, and all civil officers of the
United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for and
conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.
ARTICLE III.
SECTION 1.--The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in
a Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from
time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and
inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior; and
shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation,
which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.
SEC. 2.--The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and
equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States,
and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to
all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls;
to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies
to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between
two or more States, between a State and citizens of another State,
between citizens of different States, between citizens of the same
State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between
a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or
subjects.
In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls,
and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall
have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned,
the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction both as to law and
fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress
shall make.
The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by
jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes
shall have been committed; but, when not committed within any State,
the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law
have directed.
SEC. 3.--Treason against the United States shall consist only in
levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them
aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the
testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in
open court.
The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but
no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture,
except during the life of the person attainted.
ARTICLE IV.
SECTION 1.--Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State.
And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such
acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
SEC. 2.--The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges
and immunities of citizens in the several States.
A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime,
who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on
demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be
delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the
crime.
No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thereof,
escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be
delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be
due.
SEC. 3.--New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union;
but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of
any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more
States, or parts of States, without the consent of the legislature of
the States concerned, as well as of the Congress.
The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules
and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging
to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so
construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any
particular State.
SEC. 4.--The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union
a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against
invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive
(when the legislature can not be convened), against domestic violence.
ARTICLE V.
The Congress, whenever two thirds of both houses shall deem it
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution; or, on the
application of the legislatures of two thirds of the several States,
shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either
case, shall be valid, to all intents and purposes, as part of this
Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three fourths of
the several States, or by conventions in three fourths thereof, as the
one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress;
Provided, that no amendment, which may be made prior to the year one
thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first
and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that
no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage
in the Senate.
ARTICLE VI.
All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption
of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under
this Constitution as under the Confederation.
This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be
made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme
law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby,
any thing in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary
notwithstanding.
The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members
of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial
officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall
be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no
religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office
or public trust under the United States.
ARTICLE VII.
The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient
for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so
ratifying the same.
_Done in Convention by the unanimous consent of the States present,
the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand
seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United
States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto
subscribed our names._
GEORGE WASHINGTON, _President,
and Deputy from Virginia_.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.--John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman.
MASSACHUSETTS.--Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King.
CONNECTICUT.--William Samuel Johnson, Roger Sherman.
NEW YORK.--Alexander Hamilton.
NEW JERSEY.--William Livingston, David Bearly, William Patterson,
Jonathan Dayton.
PENNSYLVANIA.--Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robert Morris,
George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson,
Gouverneur Morris.
DELAWARE.--George Read, Gunning Bedford, Jr., John Dickinson, Richard
Bassett, Jacob Broom.
MARYLAND.--James McHenry, Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, Daniel Carroll.
VIRGINIA.--John Blair, James Madison, Jr.
NORTH CAROLINA.--William Blount, Richard Dobbs Spaight, Hugh
Williamson.
SOUTH CAROLINA.--John Rutledge, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Charles
Pinckney, Pierce Butler.
GEORGIA.--William Few, Abraham Baldwin.
_Attest_: WILLIAM JACKSON, _Secretary_.
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.
ARTICLE I.
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion,
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom
of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to
assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
ARTICLE II.
A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free
State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be
infringed.
ARTICLE III.
No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without
the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be
prescribed by law.
ARTICLE IV.
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,
and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not
be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause,
supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place
to be searched, and the person or things to be seized.
ARTICLE V.
No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in
actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person
be subject, for the same offense, to be twice put in jeopardy of life
or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness
against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for
public use without just compensation.
ARTICLE VI.
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have
been previously ascertained by law; and to be informed of the nature
and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses
against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his
favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
ARTICLE VII.
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no
fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the
United States than according to the rules of the common law.
ARTICLE VIII.
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor
cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
ARTICLE IX.
The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, shall not be
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
ARTICLE X.
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution,
nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States
respectively, or to the people.
ARTICLE XI.
The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to
extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against
one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens
or subjects of any foreign State.
ARTICLE XII.
The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot
for President and Vice-president, one of whom, at least, shall not
be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name
in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct
ballots the person voted for as Vice-president; and they shall make
distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all
persons voted for as Vice-president, and of the number of votes for
each, which lists they shall sign and certify and transmit sealed
to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the
president of the Senate; the president of the Senate shall, in the
presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the
certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having
the greatest number of votes for President shall be President, if
such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed;
and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the
highest numbers, not exceeding three on the list of those voted for
as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately,
by ballot, the President. But, in choosing the President, the votes
shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one
vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members
from two thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall
be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall
not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve
upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the
Vice-president shall act as President, as in the case of the death or
other constitutional disability of the President.
The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-president shall
be the Vice-president, if such number be a majority of the whole
number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then
from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the
Vice-president; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two thirds of
the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number shall
be necessary to a choice.
But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President
shall be eligible to that of Vice-president of the United States.
ARTICLE XIII.
SECTION 1.--Neither slavery nor voluntary servitude, except as
a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject
to their jurisdiction.
SEC. 2.--Congress shall have power to enforce this Article by
appropriate legislation.
ARTICLE XIV.
SECTION 1.--All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States
and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce
any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens
of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life,
liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any
person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
SEC. 2.--Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States,
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of
persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the
right to vote at any election for choice of electors for President
and Vice-president of the United States, representatives in Congress,
the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the
legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such
State being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States,
or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other
crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the
proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the
whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
SEC. 3.--No person shall be a senator, or representative in Congress,
or elector of President and Vice-president, or hold any office, civil
or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having
previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of
the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an
executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution
of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion
against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof;
but Congress may, by a vote of two thirds of each house, remove such
disability.
SEC. 4.--The validity of the public debt of the United States
authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions,
and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion,
shall not be questioned. But neither the United States, nor any
State, shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of
insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for
the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations,
and claims shall be held illegal and void.
SEC. 5.--The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate
legislation the provisions of this Article.
ARTICLE XV.
SECTION 1.--The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on
account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
SEC. 2.--The Congress shall have power to enforce this Article by
appropriate legislation.
INDEX.
A
=Abercrombie=, General, defeat of, at Ticonderoga, 143.
=Abraham=, Plains of, battle of, 146.
=Acadia=, named, 39;
conquered by the English, 141.
=Acadians=, exile of the, 141.
=Act=, the Importation, 150;
the Stamp, 151;
the Embargo, 219;
the Conscription, 308;
the Resumption, 339.
=Adams=, John, predicts American Independence, 150;
nominates Washington, 161;
on Declaration Committee, 165;
Commissioner to Paris, 197;
elected first Vice-president, 202;
reelected Vice-president, 208;
elected President, 210;
administration of, 211-213;
death of, 249.
=Adams=, John Quincy, Secretary of State, 244;
elected President, 247;
sketch of, 248;
administration of, 248, 249.
=Adams=, Samuel, at Boston town-meeting, 150.
=Agricultural= Department, established, 360.
=Aix-la-Chapelle=, treaty of, 93.
=Alabama=, admission of, 246.
=Alabama Claims=, the, 330.
=Alabama=, depredations by the, 315.
=Alaska=, purchase of, 325.
=Algiers=, tribute paid to, 210;
subdued by Decatur, 242.
=Alexander=, Pope, gives New World to Spain, 43.
=Algonquins=, regions inhabited by the, 16.
=Allen=, Ethan, captures Fort Ticonderoga, 159.
=America=, discovery of, 25;
derivation of name, 26.
=Amendments= to the Constitution, fourteenth and fifteenth, 328.
=Amherst=, general-in-chief of American forces, 144.
=Amnesty= proclamation, the, 324.
=Anarchists=, the Chicago, 352.
=Anderson=, Robert, defends Fort Sumter, 282.
=André=, John, capture of, 191.
=Andros=, Sir Edmund, royal governor of New England, 86;
demands surrender of Connecticut charter, 87;
governor of New York, 101;
treaty of with the Iroquois, 102.
=Antietam=, battle of, 301.
=Anti-Federalist= party, the, 201.
=Appomattox= Courthouse, surrender at, 319.
=Arctic= expeditions, 272.
=Argall=, Samuel, abducts Pocahontas, 65;
expedition against Acadia, 65;
elected governor of Virginia, 67.
=Arizona= Territory, organization of, 325.
=Arkansas=, organization of Territory, 246;
admission of State, 253.
=Arlington=, Earl of, grant of Virginia to, 73;
surrenders claim to Culpepper, 75.
=Arnold=, Benedict, at Ticonderoga, 159;
expedition against Canada, 162;
at camp on Delaware, 172;
at Bemis's Heights, 174;
treason of, 190;
in British army, 192.
=Arthur=, Chester A., elected Vice-president, 341;
becomes President, 346;
sketch of, 346;
administration of, 346-349.
=Atlanta=, capture of, 312.
=Aztecs=, regions inhabited by the, 16.
B
=Bacon=, Nathaniel, rebellion led by, 74.
=Balboa= discovers the Pacific, 27.
=Ball's= Bluff, battle of, 291.
=Baltimore=, Lord, secures charter for New Maryland, 122.
=Baltimore=, siege of, 238;
mob at fire on Union soldiers, 282.
=Bank= of North America, organization of, 192.
=Bank= of the United States, organization of, 207;
rechartered, 242;
rechartering vetoed by Jackson, 250;
rechartering vetoed by Tyler, 258.
=Banks=, N. P., in West Virginia, 297;
at Cedar Mountain, 300;
captures Port Hudson, 304;
Red River expedition of, 310.
=Barclay=, Commodore, on Lake Erie, 229.
=Battle= of Antietam, 301;
Atlanta, 312;
Ball's Bluff, 291;
Bemis's Heights, 174;
Bennington, 173;
Brandywine, 175;
Brier Creek, 185;
Buena Vista, 264;
Bull Run, 289, 300;
Bunker Hill, 159;
Cerro Gordo, 264;
Champion Hills, 303;
Chancellorsville, 307;
Chapultepec, 267;
Chickamauga, 304;
Chippewa, 235;
Chrysler's Field, 232;
Churubusco, 266;
City of Mexico, 265;
Cold Harbor, 316;
Corinth, 297;
Cowpens, 193;
Eutaw Springs, 195;
Fair Oaks, 299;
Five Oaks, 319;
Fort Edward, 142;
Fort Meigs, 228;
Fort Stephenson, 229;
Fredericksburg, 301;
Frenchtown, 228;
Germantown, 176;
Gettysburg, 308;
Guilford Courthouse, 194;
Kenesaw Mountain, 311;
King's Mountain, 189;
Lake Erie, 229;
Long Island, 166;
Lookout Mountain, 305;
Lundy's Lane, 235;
Malvern Hill, 299;
Missionary Ridge, 305;
Monmouth, 180;
Monterey, 263;
Murfreesborough, 297;
Nashville, 312;
New Orleans, 241;
Palo Alto, 262;
Plains of Abraham, 145;
Plattsburgh, 237;
Princeton, 171;
Queenstown, 226;
Resaca de la Palma, 262;
Sag Harbor, 171;
Sander's Creek, 188;
San Gabriel, 264;
Saratoga, 174;
Savannah, 183;
Shiloh, 293;
Spottsylvania Courthouse, 316;
Talladega, 231;
Thames, 230;
Tippecanoe, 223;
Trenton, 169;
Vera Cruz, 264;
Vicksburg, 303;
White Plains, 168;
Wilson's Creek, 290;
Yorktown, 196.
=Beecher=, Henry Ward, death of, 357.
=Bell=, A. Graham, inventor of telephone, 357.
=Bellomont=, Earl of, governor of New York, 103.
=Bemis's= Heights, battle of, 174.
=Bennington=, battle of, 264.
=Berkeley=, Sir William, governor of Virginia, 71;
elected by burgesses, 72;
rebellion against, 74;
oppression by, 75;
grant of New Jersey to, 115;
sells interest, 116.
=Beverley=, Robert, royalist captain, 74.
=Black= Hawk War, the, 251.
=Blaine=, James G., Secretary of State under Garfield, 345;
nominated for President, 349;
Secretary of State under Harrison, 362.
=Block=, Adrian, explorations by, 55.
=Body= of Liberties, 82.
=Boone=, Daniel, colonizes Kentucky, 208.
=Booth=, John Wilkes, assassinates Lincoln, 321;
death of, 321.
=Boston=, founded, 79;
occupied by British, 154;
massacre at, 154;
tea party, 155;
Port Bill, 156;
siege of, 159-164;
fire in, 331.
=Braddock=, Edward, arrives in America, 139;
defeat and death of, 140.
=Bradford=, John, landing of, 51.
=Bradford=, William, governor of Massachusetts, 77.
=Bragg=, Braxton, at Murfreesborough, 297;
at Chickamauga, 304;
at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, 305.
=Brandywine=, battle of, 175.
=Breckinridge=, John C., elected Vice-president, 274;
commands Confederate cavalry, 317.
=Breed's= Hill, fortification of, 159.
=Brier= Creek, battle of, 185.
=Brooklyn= Bridge, construction of the, 347.
=Brown=, John, insurrection led by, 276.
=Bryant=, William Cullen, death of, 343.
=Buchanan=, James, Secretary of State, 261;
elected President, 274;
sketch of, 275;
administration of, 275-277.
=Buckner=, S. B., defends Fort Donelson, 293.
=Buena= Vista, battle of, 264.
=Bull= Run, battles of, 289, 300.
=Bunker= Hill, battle of, 159.
=Burgesses=, House of, organized, 67;
scene in, 152.
=Burgoyne=, Gen., campaign of, 172-175;
surrender of, 175.
=Burnside=, Ambrose E., takes command of Army of the Potomac, 301;
at Fredericksburg, 301;
death of, 356.
=Burr=, Aaron, elected Vice-president, 213;
duel with Hamilton, 217;
schemes of, 217.
=Butler=, Benjamin F., at New Orleans, 296;
at Fort Fisher, 314;
joins Grant at Bermuda Hundred, 316;
nominated for presidency, 349.
C
=Cabinet=, the first, 205.
=Cable=, Atlantic, laying of the, 275, 325.
=Cabot=, John, voyage and discoveries of, 41.
=Cabot=, Sebastian, voyage and explorations of, 42.
=Calhoun=, John C., Secretary of War, 244;
elected Vice-president, 247;
for nullification, 251;
death of, 272.
=California=, conquest of, 264;
discovery of gold in, 267;
admission of, 268.
=Californians=, regions inhabited by the, 16.
=Calvert=, Sir Cecil, charter issued to, 123.
=Calvert=, Sir George, in Maryland, 122.
=Cambridge=, named, 81.
=Canadian= insurrection, the, 256.
=Canonchet=, King, violates treaty, 84;
death of, 85.
=Canonicus=, King of the Narragansetts, 107.
=Capitol= of the United States, location of the, 213.
=Carolinas=, history of the, 125-127;
separation of the, 127.
=Caroline=, firing of the, 256.
=Carteret=, Sir George, proprietor of New Jersey, 115.
=Cartier=, James, voyages of, 36, 37.
=Carver=, John, governor of the Pilgrims, 51;
death of, 76.
=Census= of 1790 and 1800, 213;
of 1810, 222;
of 1870, 329;
of 1880, 342;
of 1890, 366.
=Centennial= Exposition, the, 333.
=Centennial= of the Republic, the, 362.
=Cerro Gordo=, battle of, 264.
=Champion Hills=, battle of, 303.
=Champlain=, Lake, discovered, 40;
expedition to, 141;
abandoned by the French, 145.
=Champlain=, Samuel, voyages of, 39, 40;
founds Quebec, 39;
discovers Lake Champlain, 40;
governs New France, 40.
=Chancellorsville=, battle of, 307.
=Chandler=, Zackariah, death of, 343.
=Chapultepec=, battle of, 267.
=Charlesbourg=, Fort, settlement at, 47.
=Charleston=, founded, 128;
British repulsed at, 164;
taken by British, 187;
evacuated, 195;
taken by Sherman, 313.
=Charleston= earthquake, the, 353.
=Charter= Oak, the, 87.
=Charter= of New England, 78.
=Chase=, Salmon P., Secretary of the Treasury, 281;
as Chief-justice presides at impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, 327.
=Chen= Lan Pin, the Chinese Minister, 340.
=Cherokees=, regions inhabited by the, 16;
difficulties with the, 252.
=Cherry Valley=, massacre at, 181.
=Chesapeake=, the affair of the, 233.
=Chesapeake Bay=, explored, 61.
=Chicago=, the great fire in, 330;
the Anarchists in, 352.
=Chickamauga=, battle of, 304.
=Chicora=, first name of South Carolina, 29.
=Chinese= Embassy, establishment of the, 340.
=Chippewa=, battle of, 235.
=Chrysler's= Field, battle of, 232.
=Churubusco=, battle of, 266.
=Circumnavigation= of the globe, 28.
=Civil= Rights Bill, the, 326.
=Civil= Service Reform, the, 351.
=Civil= War, causes of the, 284-287;
history of the, 281-319.
=Clark=, George Rogers, campaigns of in the West, 181.
=Clarke=, William, expedition of, 218.
=Clay=, Henry, advocates Missouri Compromise, 246;
advocates Omnibus Bill, 270;
death of, 272.
=Clayborne=, William, surveys of, 122.
=Cleveland=, Grover, elected President, 349;
sketch of, 350;
administration of, 350-360;
renominated, 358;
receives majority of popular vote, 359.
=Clinton=, Sir Henry, repulsed at New York, 164;
bombards Charleston, 164;
at battle of Long Island, 166.
=Code= of Laws, given by London Company, 68.
=Cold= Harbor, battle of, 316.
=Colonies=, the American, war of with Great Britain, 157-198;
independence of, 165-197.
=Colonization= Society, founded, 243.
=Colorado=, admission of, 335.
=Columbia=, District of, organized, 213.
=Columbus=, Christopher, sketch of, 24;
discovers America, 25;
other voyages of, 26;
misfortunes of, 26;
death of, 26;
discovers Orinoco, 43.
=Comanches=, regions inhabited by the, 16.
=Commerce=, aggressions on American, 219.
=Concessions=, account of the, 116.
=Concord=, founded, 80.
=Confederacy=, the Southern, 277.
=Confederation=, articles of, 199;
history of the, 199.
=Confederate= cruisers, depredations by, 315.
=Congress= of the Colonies, 139;
the Stamp Act, 152;
the First Continental, 156;
the Second Continental, 161.
=Conkling=, Roscoe, resigns seat in Senate, 345.
=Connecticut=, colonization of, 106;
history of, 106;
charter of, 109;
joins New England, 111.
=Conscription= in the North, 308.
=Constitution= of the United States, proposed, 200;
committee appointed, 200;
report of committee adopted, 201;
provisions of, 201;
adopted by the States, 202.
=Constitution=, the affair of the, 225.
=Continental= Army, organization of the, 162.
=Convention=, the Constitutional, 200;
the Hartford, 239.
=Cooke=, Jay & Co., disastrous failure of, 333.
=Cooper=, Peter, candidate for Presidency, 335.
=Cordova=, Fernandez de, explorations of, 28.
=Corinth=, battle of, 297.
=Cornbury=, Lord, governor of New York, 104.
=Cornwallis=, Lord, joins Clinton, 164;
at Long Island, 167;
takes Fort Lee, 168;
pursues Washington, 169;
at Brandywine, 176;
at Monmouth, 180;
at Sander's Creek, 188;
pursues Greene, 194;
in Virginia, 195;
blockaded in Yorktown, 196;
surrender of, 197.
=Cortereal=, Gaspar, voyages of, 34.
=Cortez=, Fernando, conquers Mexico, 28.
=Cotton= gin, invention of the, 285.
=Cowpens=, battle of, 193.
=Cranfield=, Edward, governor of Province of New Hampshire, 86.
=Credit= Mobilier, the, 332.
=Creek= cession, the, 249.
=Creeks=, war with the, 231.
=Crown= Point, Johnson's expedition against, 141;
deserted by the French, 145.
=Cuban= "Filibusters," the, 271.
=Culpepper=, John, leader of insurrection in North Carolina, 126.
=Culpepper=, Lord, grant of Virginia to, 73;
appointed governor, 75;
sole proprietor, 75;
removed, 75.
=Custer=, General, defeat of, 334.
D
=Da Gama=, Vasco, doubles Cape of Good Hope, 42.
=Dakota= Territory, organized, 325.
=Dakotas=, the separation of the, 360.
=Dakotas=, regions inhabited by the, 16.
=Dare=, Virginia, birth of, 46.
=Darrah=, Lydia, story of, 176.
=Davis=, Jefferson, President of Confederacy, 277;
sketch of, 289;
escape of, 319;
capture of, 320.
=Daye=, Stephen, first printer in America, 81.
=Deane=, Silas, commissioner to France, 178.
=Dearborn=, Fort, surrender of, 225.
=Dearborn=, Henry, commander-in-chief of American army, 224;
expedition against Toronto, 231.
=De Ayllon=, voyage of, 29.
=Decatur=, captures the _Philadelphia_, 216;
captures the _Macedonian_, 226;
conquers the Algerian pirates, 242.
=Declaration= of Rights, 153;
of Independence, 165.
=Decree=, the Milan, 220.
=De Gourgues=, Dominic, revenge of, 38.
=De Kalb=, joins patriot forces, 172;
killed, 181.
=Delaware=, Lord, governor of Virginia, 62;
voyage to Virginia, 63;
return to England, 34;
death of, 67.
=Delaware=, secession of, 120.
=Delaware=, the, crossed by Washington, 169.
=De Monts=, patent of, 38;
at Port Royal, 39.
=De Soto=, Ferdinand, expedition of, 30-32;
discovers the Mississippi, 31;
death of, 32.
=D'Estaing=, fleet of, 179.
=Detroit=, surrender of, 225.
=Dieskau=, defeat of, 142.
=Discovery= of America, 25.
=Division= of land, 64.
=Dolbear=, A. C., inventor of the telephone, 347.
=Donelson=, Fort, capture of, 293.
=Dorchester= Heights, fortification of, 163.
=Dorr's= Rebellion, 258.
=Douglas=, Stephen A., advocates State sovereignty, 274.
=Dover=, founded, 113.
=Drake=, Sir Francis, voyages of, 44;
at Roanoke, 45.
=Dred= Scott case, the, 276.
=Du Quesne=, Fort, built, 138;
battle near, 140;
destruction of, 144.
E
=Early=, J. A., invades Pennsylvania, 317;
surprises Union camp, 318;
defeated at Winchester, 318.
=East= India Company, the Dutch, 53.
=Edison=, Thomas A., inventor of the telephone and electric light, 347.
=Edward=, Fort, built, 141;
battle at, 142.
=Electoral= Commission, the, 336.
=Electric= light, invention of the, 347.
=Elizabethtown=, founded, 115.
=Emancipation= Proclamation, issued, 302.
=Embargo= Act, passage of, 219;
repeal of the, 321.
=Endicott=, John, governor of Plymouth, 78.
=Ericsson=, John, invents the _Monitor_, 294.
=Ericsson=, Leif, discovers America, 21.
=Ericsson=, Thorwald and Thorstein, 22.
=Erie=, Fort, siege of, 236.
=Erie=, Lake, battle of, 229.
=Esquimos=, regions inhabited by the, 16.
=Eutaw= Springs, battle of, 195.
=Evarts=, William A., delivers Centennial oration, 333.
F
=Fair= Oaks, battle of, 299.
=Farragut=, Admiral, captures New Orleans, 296;
captures Mobile, 314.
=Fava=, Baron, Italian minister, 368.
=Federalist= party, the, 201.
=Field=, Cyrus W., lays Atlantic cables, 275, 324.
=Fields=, James T., death of, 343.
=Fillmore=, Millard, elected Vice-president, 268;
becomes President, 270;
administration of, 270-272.
=Fisher=, Fort, capture of, 314.
=Fishery= award, the, 340.
=Fishery= dispute, the, 271.
=Fisk=, Clinton B., prohibition candidate for Presidency, 359.
=Five= Forks, battle of, 319.
=Florida=, origin of name, 27;
cession of, 245;
admission of, 260.
=Force= Bill, introduction of the, 365.
=Fort= Charlesbourg, settlement at, 37.
---- Dearborn, surrender of, 225.
---- Donelson, capture of, 293.
---- Du Quesne, built, 138;
destruction of, 114.
---- Edward, built, 141;
battle at, 142.
---- Fisher, capture of, 314.
---- Jackson, capture of, 296.
---- Le Bœuf, built, 136;
arrival of Washington at, 136.
---- McHenry, bombarded, 238.
---- Meigs, building and siege of, 228.
---- Mercer, taken by British, 176.
---- Mifflin, taken by British, 176.
---- Moultrie, bombarded, 164.
---- Nassau, building of, 55.
---- Necessity, built and defended, 138.
---- Stephenson, siege of, 229.
---- St. Philip, capture of, 296.
---- Sumter, fired upon, 282.
---- Venango, built, 136.
---- William Henry built, 142;
massacre at, 143.
---- Windsor, building of, 95.
=France=, explorers sent from, 35;
colony at Fort Charlesbourg, 37;
colonizes Florida, 37;
settlement at Quebec, 39;
aid of, 172;
treaty with America, 178;
relations with America, 178-186;
troubles with, 211;
treaty of peace with, 212.
=Franklin=, Benjamin, one of Declaration Committee, 165;
in France, 178;
sketch of, 179;
plan of confederation by, 191.
=Franklin=, Sir John, Arctic expedition of, 272.
=Fredericksburg=, battle of, 301.
=Free= Coinage Bill, introduction of the, 365.
=Free= Soil Party, organization of the, 272.
=Fremont=, John C., in California, 263.
=French= and Indian War, history of the, 135-146.
=Frenchtown=, battle of, 228.
=Frobisher=, Martin, searching for northwest passage, 43.
=Fuller=, Melville W., appointed Chief-justice of the United States, 357.
=Fulton=, Robert, invents the steamboat, 220.
G
=Gadsden= Purchase, the, 273.
=Gage=, General, occupies Boston, 154.
=Garfield=, James A., elected President, 341;
sketch of, 344;
administration of, 344-346;
assassination of, 345;
death of, 346.
=Gates=, Horatio, commands northern army, 175;
defeat at Sander's Creek, 188.
=Gates=, Sir Thomas, in Virginia, 63-66.
=Genet=, Citizen, trouble caused by, 208.
=Georgia=, history of, 130-134;
named, 131.
=Germantown=, battle of, 176.
=Gerry=, Elbridge, envoy to France, 211;
Vice-president, 227.
=Gettysburg=, battle of, 308.
=Ghent=, the treaty of, 241.
=Gilbert=, Sir Humphrey, voyage of, 44;
lost at sea, 45.
=Gist=, Christopher, commands exploring party, 136.
=Gold=, searches for, 43;
discovery of in California, 267.
=Gorges=, Sir Ferdinand, proprietor New Hampshire, 113.
=Gosnold=, Bartholomew, voyage and explorations of, 46;
in the London Company, 47.
=Grant=, Ulysses S., captures Fort Donelson, 293;
at Shiloh, 293;
at Vicksburg, 303;
general-in-chief, 311;
in the wilderness, 316;
at Petersburg, 318;
enters Richmond, 319;
final victory of, 319;
elected President, 327;
sketch of, 328;
administration of, 328-336;
reelected, 331;
tour of the world, 342;
death of, 355;
tomb of, 355.
=Gray=, Elisha P., inventor of telephone, 347.
=Great= Britain colonizes America, 41-52;
governs Virginia, 70-75;
governs New York, 100-105;
oppressions by, 149-156;
revolutionary war with, 157-197;
war of 1812 with, 221-241;
treaties with, 197, 241, 258, 330.
=Great= Eastern, the, carries Atlantic cable, 325.
=Great= Meadows, battle at, 138.
=Greeley=, Horace, nominated for Presidency, 331;
death of, 331.
=Greenbacks=, issued, 320.
=Greene=, Nathaniel, campaigns of, 193.
=Grenville=, Sir Richard, voyage of, 45.
=Guadalupe= Hidalgo, treaty of, 267.
=Guilford= Court House, battle of, 194.
H
"=Half= Breeds," the, 345.
=Half= Moon, voyages of the, 53, 54.
=Hamilton=, Alexander, builds Fort Washington, 168;
urges adoption of Constitution, 201;
first Secretary of the Treasury, 206;
financial policy of, 207;
killed by Burr, 217.
=Hamilton=, Andrew, defends Zenger, 104.
=Hancock=, Winfield S., death of, 356.
=Harmar=, General, expedition of, 207.
=Harrison=, Benjamin, nominated for Presidency, 359;
elected, 359;
sketch of, 361;
administration of, 361-369.
=Harrison=, William Henry, governor Indiana Territory, 215;
at Tippecanoe, 222;
campaigns of, 228-330;
resigns commission, 232;
elected President, 256;
sketch of, 257;
death of, 258.
=Hartford=, founded, 80.
=Hartford= Convention, the, 239.
=Harvard= College founded, 81.
=Harvey=, Sir John, governor of Virginia, 70.
=Hayes=, Rutherford B., elected President, 336;
sketch of, 337;
administration of, 337-343.
=Hayne=, Isaac, hanging of, 195.
=Hayne=, Senator, debate with Daniel Webster, 251.
=Hendricks=, Thomas A., elected Vice-president, 349;
death of, 356;
sketch of, 356;
statue of, 357.
=Hennessey=, David C., assassination of, 368.
=Henry=, Patrick, speech of, 152.
=Herjulfson=, discovers America, 21.
=Hood=, J. B., evacuates Atlanta, 312;
Nashville campaign of, 312.
=Hooker=, Joseph, storms Lookout Mountain, 305;
commands Army of the Potomac, 307;
at Chancellorsville, 307;
death of, 356.
=Howe=, Admiral, at battle of Long Island, 166.
=Howe=, General, arrives in Boston, 159;
at Bunker Hill, 160;
surrenders Boston, 163;
at Battle of Long Island, 166;
at White Plains, 168;
at Brandywine, 176.
=Hudson=, Sir Henry, voyages of, 53;
mutiny against, 54.
=Huguenots=, massacre of the, 33, 38;
colony of, 37;
in South Carolina, 129.
=Hull=, Isaac, in naval battle, 225.
=Hull=, William, begins War of 1812, 224;
surrenders Detroit, 225.
=Hunt=, Robert, in London Company, 47.
=Huron-Iroquois=, regions inhabited by the, 16;
characteristics of the, 16.
=Hutchinson=, Ann, accused of heresy, 80;
exile of, 81.
I
=Icelanders=, the, in America, 21-23.
=Idaho=, organization of Territory, 325;
admission of State, 366.
=Illinois=, admission of, 245.
=Impeachment= trial of Andrew Johnson, 327.
=Importation= Act, the, 150.
=Independence=, Declaration of, by North Carolina Convention, 161;
by congress of the United Colonies, 165;
leading principles of, 166.
=Independent= Treasury Bill, the, proposed by Van Buren, 255;
repeal of, 258.
=Indiana=, organization of Territory, 214;
admission of State, 242.
=Indians=, sketch of the, 15-19;
troubles with in Northwest Territory, 207.
=Indian= Territory, set apart, 252.
=Internal= revenue, sources of, 320.
=Iowa=, admission of, 260.
=Iroquois=, regions inhabited by the, 16.
=Isabella=, Queen, sympathy with, and aid to Columbus, 25.
=Island= Number Ten, siege of, 294.
J
=Jack=, Captain, leads Modoc war, 332.
=Jackson=, Andrew, begins career, 188;
subdues the Creeks, 231;
drives British from Florida, 239;
in command at New Orleans, 239-241;
subdues Seminoles, 245;
elected President, 249;
administration of, 250-253.
=Jackson=, Stonewall, valley campaign of, 297;
at Cedar Mountain, 300;
seizes Harper's Ferry, 300;
at Chancellorsville, 307;
death of, 307.
=Jamestown=, settlement of, 48;
colony at, 57.
=Japan=, intercourse opened with, 273.
=Jay=, John, first Chief-justice, 206;
envoy to England, 210.
=Jefferson=, Thomas, prepares Declaration of Independence, 165;
Secretary of Foreign Affairs, 205;
elected Vice-president, 210;
elected President, 213;
administration of, 214-220;
reelected, 217;
death of, 249.
=Johnson=, Andrew, elected Vice-president, 320;
becomes President, 323;
sketch of, 323;
administration of, 323-327;
issues Amnesty Proclamation, 324;
impeachment of, 327.
=Johnston=, Joseph E., at Bull Run, 289;
wounded at Fair Oaks, 299;
surrender of, 313;
death of, 367.
=Johnstown= flood, the, 363.
=Jones=, Paul, conquers the _Serapis_, 186.
=Joseph=, chief of the Nez Percé Indians, 338.
K
=Kane=, Elisha Kent, Arctic expedition of, 272.
=Kansas=, troubles in, 274;
admission of, 325.
=Kansas=-Nebraska Bill, the, 274.
=Karlsefne=, Thorfinn, explorations of, 22.
=Kearny=, Philip, expedition to California, 263.
=Kenesaw= Mountain, battle of, 311.
=Kentucky=, admission of, 208.
=Kidd=, Captain William, story of, 103.
=Kieft=, Sir William, governor of New Amsterdam, 96.
=King's= Mountain, battle of, 189.
=Kingston=, destroyed by Indians, 98.
=Kossuth=, Louis, tour of in America, 271.
L
=Labor= agitations, the, 351.
=Lafayette=, Marquis de, enters American army, 172;
wounded at Brandywine, 176;
campaigns of in Virginia, 194-196;
revisits America, 246.
=La Roche=, Marquis of, brings colonists to America, 38.
=Laudonniere=, in Florida, 38.
=Law=, the alien, 213; the sedition, 213.
=Lawrence=, James, commands the _Hornet_, 232;
commands the _Chesapeake_, 233;
death of, 234.
=Le Bœuf=, Fort, built by the French, 136.
=Lee=, Charles, besieges Boston, 162;
captured by British, 169;
exchanged, 172;
trouble with Washington, 180.
=Lee=, Richard Henry, offers Resolutions of Independence in
Congress, 164.
=Lee=, Robert E., at Cheat Mountain, 288;
Confederate commander-in-chief, 299;
at Bull Run, 300;
invades Maryland, 300;
at Antietam, 301;
at Chancellorsville, 307;
invades Pennsylvania, 308;
at Gettysburg, 308;
in the Wilderness, 316;
at Spottsylvania C. H., 319;
flees from Richmond, 319;
surrender of, 319.
=Leisler=, Jacob, insurrection of, 102.
=Lewis=, Captain, expedition of, 218.
=Lexington=, battle of, 157.
=Liberia=, colony in, 243.
=Liberty= pole, fight at, 154.
=Life-saving= Service, establishment of the, 340.
=Lincoln=, Abraham, elected President, 276;
sketch of, 281;
administration of, 281-321;
issues Emancipation Proclamation, 302;
reelected, 320;
assassination of, 321;
burial of, 321.
=Lincoln=, General, campaigns of in the north, 174-175;
campaigns of in the south, 185-187.
=Livingston=, Edward, negotiates purchase of Louisiana, 215.
=Livingston=, Robert R., on Declaration Committee, 165.
=Locke=, John, draws up the Grand Model, 125.
=Logan=, John A., death of, 356.
=London= Company, organization of, 47;
grants to, 47;
settlement of Jamestown, 48;
new charter of, 62;
third patent, 65;
charter cancelled, 69.
=Long= Island, battle of, 166.
=Longstreet=, James, death of, 367.
=Lookout= Mountain, storming of, 305.
=Loudoun=, Earl of, commands Colonial army, 142.
=Louisburg=, captures of, 92, 143.
=Louisiana=, purchase of, 215;
Territory of, 216;
admission of, 224.
=Lovelace=, governor of New York, 100.
=Lundy's= Lane, battle of, 235.
=Lyon=, Nathaniel, at Booneville, 290;
killed at Wilson's Creek, 290.
M
=Madison=, James, elected President, 220;
administration of, 221-227.
=Mafia= Society, in New Orleans, 368.
=Magellan=, Ferdinand, voyage of around the world, 28.
=Maine=, the Province of, 85;
admission of, 246.
=Malietoa=, king of Samoa, 363.
=Malvern= Hill, battle of, 299.
=Manhattan= Island, purchase of, 94.
=Marion=, Francis, raids of, in South Carolina, 188.
=Marshall=, John, envoy to France, 211;
Chief-justice of the United States, 216;
presides at trial of Aaron Burr, 217.
=Maryland=, history of, 122-125.
=Mason=, James M., Confederate ambassador to England, 291.
=Mason=, John, in Pequod war, 107;
grant to, 113.
=Massachusetts=, colonization of, 47-52;
history of, 76-93.
=Massachusetts= Bay Colony, 78.
=Massacre=, the Boston, 154;
the Cherry Valley, 181;
the Indian, 68;
the New Orleans, 367;
the Wyoming, 180.
=Massasoit=, visits Plymouth, 76.
=Mather=, Cotton, favors prosecution of witches, 89, 91.
=May=, Cornelius, explorations of, 55;
leader in Dutch settlement, 94.
=Mayflower=, voyage of the, 50.
=McClellan=, George B., campaigns of, in West Virginia, 288;
commands Army of the Potomac, 290;
Peninsular campaign of, 299;
at Antietam, 301;
death of, 356.
=McDonough=, Commodore, at battle of Plattsburg, 237.
=McDowell=, Irwin, at Bull Run, 289;
death of, 356.
=McHenry=, Fort, bombardment of, 238.
=McKinley= Bill, adoption of the, 364.
=Meade=, George G., in command of Army of the Potomac, 308;
at Gettysburg, 308;
in the Wilderness, 316;
flees from Richmond, 319;
surrender of, 319;
death of, 356.
=Meigs=, Colonel, attacks Sag Harbor, 171;
rewarded by Congress, 172.
=Meigs=, Fort, built, 228;
siege of, 228.
=Menendez=, Pedro, expedition of, 32;
massacre of Huguenots, 33, 34, 38.
=Mercer=, Fort, taken by British, 176.
=Merrimac=, the, fights with the _Monitor_, 294.
=Mexico=, City of, siege of the, 265.
=Mexico=, French occupation of, 324.
=Mexico=, war with, 261-267;
declaration of war with, 262.
=Miamis=, war with the, 207.
=Miantonomah=, gives Rhode Island, 81.
=Michigan=, organization of Territory, 218;
admission of State, 253.
=Mifflin=, Fort, taken by British, 176.
=Miller=, James, at Lundy's Lane, 236.
=Mims=, Fort, attacked by savages, 231.
=Minnesota=, admission of, 276.
=Missionary= Ridge, storming of, 305.
=Mississippi=, organization of Territory, 215;
admission of State, 244.
=Mississippi= River, discovery of, 31.
=Missouri=, admission of, 246.
=Missouri= Compromise, the, 246.
=Mobilians=, regions inhabited by the, 16;
tribes of the, 16.
=Model=, the Grand, account of, 125.
=Modocs=, war with the, 332.
=Monitor=, fights the _Merrimac_, 294.
=Monmouth=, battle of, 180.
=Monroe= Doctrine, the, 246.
=Monroe=, James, negotiates Louisiana purchase, 216;
elected President, 243;
sketch of, 244;
administration of, 244-247;
reelected, 246.
=Montana=, organization of Territory, 325;
admission of State, 360.
=Montcalm=, General, at Fort William Henry, 142;
at Plains of Abraham, 145.
=Monterey=, capture of, 263.
=Montgomery=, Richard, attack of on Quebec, 162;
death of, 162.
=Mont= Real, island and town of, 36.
=Morgan=, John, raid of, 306.
=Mormons=, troubles with the, 259, 275.
=Morris=, Robert, gives financial aid, 170;
Secretary of Finance, 192;
brought to poverty, 200.
=Morse=, Samuel F. B., inventor of the telegraph, 260.
=Morton=, Levi P., elected Vice-president, 359.
=Morton=, Oliver P., death of, 343.
=Mound-builders=, account of the, 12-15.
=Moultrie=, bombardment of, 164.
=Murfreesborough=, battle of, 297.
=Mutiny= in Continental Army, 192.
N
=Narvaez=, De, governor of Florida, 29.
=Nashville=, siege of, 312.
=National= Banks, establishment of, 320.
=National= debt, the, 320, 324.
=Naval= battles between the _Chesapeake_ and the _Leopard_, 219;
_Chesapeake_ and the _Shannon_, 233;
_Constellation_ and the _Insurgent_, 212;
_Constitution_ and the _Guerriere_, 225;
_Constitution_ and the _Java_, 226;
_Essex_ and the _Nocton_, 226;
_Essex_ and the _Phoebe_ and _Cherub_, 234;
_Hartford_ and the _Tennessee_, 314;
_Hornet_ and the _Peacock_, 232;
_Hornet_ and the _Penguin_, 241;
_Lawrence_ and the _Detroit_, 229;
_Monitor_ and the _Merrimac_, 294;
_Niagara_ and British fleet, 229;
_Poictiers_ and the _Wasp_, 226;
_Poor Richard_ and the _Serapis_, 186;
_President_ and the _Little Belt_, 223;
_United States_ and the _Macedonian_, 226;
_Wasp_ and the _Frolic_, 226.
=Nebraska=, admission of 325.
=Necessity=, Fort, built and defended, 138.
=Negro= Plot, the, 104.
=Nevada=, admission of, 320.
=New= Amsterdam, founded, 54.
=New= England, named, 49;
colonization of, 51, 52, 76-93, 106-114.
=New= France, 36-40.
=New= Hampshire, the province of, 86, 113;
history of, 113.
=New= Haven, founded, 108.
=New= Jersey, named, 115;
history of, 115-118;
division of, 116.
=New= Netherlands named, 55;
history of, 94-99.
=New= Orleans, battle of, 241;
capture of, 295;
exposition in, 350;
massacre in, 367.
=Newport=, Christopher, commands fleet, 48;
brings immigrants, 61.
=New= Sweden, colonization of, 95-99.
=New= York, colonization of, 94-99;
named, 99;
under English, 100-105.
=New= York City, settlement of, 94;
under Dutch, 94-99;
under English, 100-105;
occupied by Washington, 164;
operations about, 166;
taken by British, 167;
evacuation of, 198;
world's fair in, 274;
riots in, 309.
=Nez= Percé Indians, war with the, 338.
=Niagara=, captured by English, 144.
=Norsemen=, early discoveries by the, 21;
voyages of the, 20-23;
remains in America of the, 23.
=North= Carolina, history of, 125-127;
ratifies constitution, 206.
=North= Dakota, admission of, 360.
=Northeastern= boundary, establishment of, 258.
=Northwest= Passage, the, 43.
=Nullification=, account of, 250-251.
O
=Oglethorpe=, James, founding of Georgia by, 130-134.
=Ohio=, admission of, 214.
=Ohio= Company, organization of, 136.
=Omnibus= Bill, the, 270.
=Oregon=, admission of, 276.
P
=Pacific=, discovery of the, 27.
=Pacific= Railroad, route of surveyed, 278;
completion of, 328.
=Pakenham=, Sir Edward, commands British at New Orleans, 239-241.
=Palo= Alto, battle of, 262.
=Panic= of 1836-37, the financial, 253, 255;
of 1873, 332.
=Paper= Money, origin of in America, 89.
=Patroons=, account of the, 95.
=Paris=, the treaty of, 146.
=Parris=, Samuel, joins in witchcraft persecutions, 89.
=Penn=, William, purchases East Jersey, 117;
proprietor of Pennsylvania 118;
sketch of, 119;
treaty of with Indians, 119;
founds Philadelphia, 120;
death of, 120.
=Pennsylvania=, history of, 118-120.
=Pension= legislation, 354.
=Pequods=, war with the, 107.
=Perry=, Oliver H., victory of on Lake Erie, 229.
=Petersburg=, siege of, 316;
capture of, 319.
=Philadelphia=, founded, 120;
taken by British, 176;
evacuated by British, 180.
=Philadelphia=, the, captured and retaken, 216.
=Philip=, King, war with, 84.
=Phipps=, Sir William, commands English troops, 88.
=Pickett=, George G., charge at Gettysburg, 308.
=Pierce=, Franklin, elected President, 272;
administration of, 273-274.
=Pilgrims=, so named, 50;
promise to the, 50;
landing, 51;
sufferings, 51.
=Pirates=, the Algerine, 210.
=Pittsburgh=, building on site of, 137;
named, 144.
=Platt=, Thomas C., resigns seat in Senate, 345.
=Plattsburgh=, battle of, 237.
=Plymouth= Company, the, organization of, 47;
grants to, 47;
attempt at colonization, 48.
=Plymouth= Council, organization of, 49;
grant to, 49.
=Plymouth= Rock, landing at, 51.
=Pocahontas=, rescues John Smith, 60;
abducted by Argall, 65;
marriage of, 65.
=Polk=, James K., elected President, 260;
sketch of, 261;
administration of, 261-268.
=Ponce= de Leon, voyages of, 27.
=Pope=, John, takes Island Number Ten, 294;
at Bull Run, 300.
=Port= Bill, the Boston, 156.
=Porter=, Admiral, bombards Vicksburg, 304;
captures Fort Fisher, 314.
=Port= Royal, founded, 39.
=Portuguese= explorations, 34.
=Prescott=, William, fortifies Breed's Hill, 159.
=Prideaux=, General, campaign of against Niagara, 144.
=Princeton=, battle of, 171.
=Pring=, Martin, voyage of, 46.
=Printing-press=, introduction of in America, 81.
=Privateers=, British, 209.
=Prohibition= Party candidates, the, of 1884, 359.
=Proprietors'= Rights, purchase of, 77.
=Providence=, R. I., founded, 80.
=Pulaski=, Count, honored by Congress, 176;
killed at Savannah, 186.
=Puritans=, sketch of the, 49;
character of the, 93.
Q
=Quakers=, persecution of the, 82.
=Quebec=, founded, 39;
captured by Wolfe, 146;
expedition of Arnold against, 162.
=Queenstown=, battle of, 226.
R
=Ragged= Regiment, Marion's, 188.
=Raleigh=, Sir Walter, voyage of with Gilbert, 44;
expeditions of, 45, 46.
=Randolph=, Edmund, introduces resolution to adopt a new
Constitution, 200.
=Rebellion=, Bacon's, 74.
=Reconstruction=, measures of, 325.
=Red= River Expedition, the, 310.
=Reed=, Thomas B., Speaker of House of Representatives, 365.
=Remonetization= of silver, 339.
=Republic=, the New, 202.
=Resaca= de la Palma, battle of, 262.
=Resumption= Act, adoption of the, 339.
=Revere=, Paul, ride of, 157.
=Revolution=, causes of the, 149-156;
history of the, 157-198.
=Rhode= Island, founded, 80;
history of, 111-113;
ratifies the Constitution, 206;
Dorr's rebellion in, 258.
=Ribault=, John, voyages of, 37.
=Richmond=, capital of Southern Confederacy, 283;
fall of, 319.
=Rights=, declaration of, 153.
=Roanoke=, colony at, 45.
=Roberval=, Frances of, attempts to found colony in New France, 37.
=Rodgers=, Commodore, commander of the _President_, 223.
=Roebling=, John, architect of the Brooklyn bridge, 348.
=Rolfe=, John, marriage of, 65.
=Rosecrans=, W. S., at Murfreesborough, 297;
at Chickamauga, 304.
=Ross=, General, captures Washington, 237;
expedition against Baltimore, 238.
=Ryswick=, treaty of, 89.
S
=Salem=, founded, 78;
witchcraft at, 89.
=Samoa=, difficulty in, 363.
=Samoset=, welcomes the Pilgrims, 76.
=Sander's= Creek, battle of, 188.
=San= Domingo Commission, the, 329.
=Sandys=, Sir Edwyn, treasurer of London Company, 68;
sends wives to colonists, 68.
=San= Gabriel, battle of, 264.
=Santa= Anna, called to Mexico, 263;
at Buena Vista and Cerro Gordo, 264;
driven from Mexico, 267.
=Saratoga=, battle of, 174.
=Savannah=, founded, 131;
taken by British, 183;
bombardment of, 185;
taken by Sherman, 313.
=Saybrook=, founded, 107.
=Scott=, Winfield S., at Lundy's Lane, 235;
commander-in-chief in Mexican war, 262-267;
commander-in-chief of the Union, 283;
retires from service, 290.
=Seamen=, the impressment of, 219.
=Secession=, account of the, 277.
=Seminoles=, war with the, 245, 252.
=Seven= Days' battles, the, 299.
=Seward=, William H., Secretary of State, 281;
diplomacy of, 292;
attempted assassination of, 321.
=Seymour=, Horatio, death of, 357.
=Shackamaxon=, treaty of, 119.
=Sheridan=, Philip H., ravages Shenandoah valley, 318;
ride to Winchester, 318;
general-in-chief, 348;
death of, 367.
=Sherman=, Roger, on declaration committee, 165.
=Sherman=, William Tecumseh, at Chickasaw Bayou, 297;
advance on Atlanta, 311;
captures Atlanta, 312;
march to the sea, 312;
resigns command, 348;
death of, 367.
=Shiloh=, battle of, 293.
=Silver=, remonetization of, 339.
=Sioux= Indians, war with the, 333.
=Sitting= Bull, in Sioux war, 335.
=Slavery=, introduction of in Virginia, 67;
in South Carolina, 128;
in the Territories, 269;
abolition of, 302;
amendment to the Constitution, 323.
=Slidell=, John, Confederate ambassador to England, 291.
=Sloughter=, Colonel, governor of New York, 103.
=Smith=, John, in London Company, 47;
at Jamestown settlement, 48;
voyages of, 48;
names New England, 49;
admiral of New England, 49;
trouble with colonists, 58;
captured by Indians, 59;
rescue by Pocahontas, 60;
explores Chesapeake Bay, 61;
president of Virginia, 62;
returns to England, 63.
=Smyth=, Alexander, takes command of American forces, 226;
charged with cowardice, 227.
=Sons= of Liberty, organization of, 153.
=South= Carolina, history of, 128-130.
=South= Dakota, admission of, 360.
=Spain=, discovers and colonizes America, 24-34;
treaty with, 245.
=Spanish= Florida, war with, 133.
=Specie= Circular, the, 255.
=Specie= Resumption, the, 341.
"=Spoils= System," the, 345.
=Spottsylvania= Courthouse, battle of, 316.
"=Stalwarts=," the, 345.
=Stamp= Act, adoption of the, 151;
repeal of the, 153.
=Standish=, Miles, landing of, 51;
expedition of, 76.
=Stanton=, Edwin M., Secretary of War, 281.
=Starving= Time, the, 63.
=St.= Augustine, founded, 33.
=St.= Clair, expedition of against Miami Indians, 207.
=Steamboat=, invention of, 220.
=Stephens=, Alexander, defends theory of secession, 277;
Vice-president of Southern Confederacy, 277.
=Stephenson=, Fort, siege of, 229.
=St.= Lawrence River, named, 36.
=Stony= Point, taken by British, 184;
retaken by General Wayne, 184.
=Strike=, the great railroad, 337;
the southwestern, 352.
=Stuyvesant=, Peter, governor of New Netherlands, 97-99.
=Sumter=, Fort, fired upon, 282.
=Sumter=, Thomas, raids of, in South Carolina, 188.
=Supreme= Court, organization of, 206.
T
=Talladega=, battle of, 231.
=Tariff=, the protective, agitation of, 249;
issue in presidential campaign, 358, 359.
=Taylor=, Bayard, author of National Ode, 333;
death of, 343.
=Taylor=, Zachary, campaign in Florida, 254;
campaigns in Mexican War, 261-264;
elected President, 268;
administration of, 269-270;
death of, 270.
=Tea= Party, the Boston, 155.
=Tecumtha=, conspiracy of, 222;
lays ambush, 224;
besieges Fort Meigs, 228, 229;
death of, 231.
=Telegraph=, invention of the, 260.
=Telephone=, invention of the, 347.
=Tennessee=, admission of, 210.
=Territory=, southwest of the Ohio, organization of the, 207.
=Territories=, organization of the, 325.
=Texas=, secedes from Mexico, 260;
annexation of, 260.
=Thames=, battle of the, 230.
=Ticonderoga=, defeat of English at, 143;
abandoned by French, 145;
taken by Ethan Allen, 159;
captured by British, 173.
=Tilden=, Samuel J., election as President claimed by Democrats, 355;
death of, 357.
=Tippecanoe=, battle of, 223.
=Tobacco=, cultivation of, 67.
=Toronto=, attacked by Americans, 231.
=Treaty= with Indians, 77;
of Ryswick, 89;
of Utrecht, 92;
of Aix-la-Chapelle, 93;
of Shackamaxon, 119;
of Paris, 146;
with France, 178;
of 1783, 197;
with France, 212;
of Ghent, 241;
with Spain, 245;
the Webster-Ashburton, 258;
of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 267;
of Washington, 330.
=Trent=, affair of the, 291.
=Trenton=, battle at, 169.
=Tripoli=, war with, 216.
=Truxtun=, Commodore, 212.
=Tyler=, John, elected Vice-president, 256;
becomes President, 257;
sketch of, 258;
administration of, 258-260.
U
=Underhill=, John, commands Dutch forces, 96.
=Union= of Independent Colonies, the, 200.
=United= Colonies of New England, 82.
=United= Colonies of America, the, 161.
=Utah= Territory, founded, 259;
difficulties in, 275.
=Utrecht=, treaty of, 92.
V
=Valley= Forge, American army at, 177.
=Van= Buren, Martin, elected President, 253;
sketch of, 254;
administration of, 254-256.
=Van= Rensselaer, Stephen, at Queenstown, 226.
=Van= Twiller, Wouter, governor of New Netherlands, 95.
=Venango=, Fort, built, 136.
=Vera= Cruz, surrender of, 264.
=Vermont=, admission of, 207.
=Verrazano=, John, explorations of, 35.
=Vespucci=, Amerigo, voyages of, 26.
=Vicksburg=, battle of, 303.
=Vincennes=, capture of, 183.
=Virginia= named, 45;
colonization of, 48;
history of, 57-75.
W
=Wadsworth=, Joseph, hides the charter, 87.
=Waite=, Morrison R., Chief-justice of the United States, death of, 357.
=Wallace=, Lewis, at Romney, 289;
saves Cincinnati from capture, 296;
defeated by Early, 317.
=Walloons=, at New Amsterdam, 94.
=Walker=, Francis A., superintendent of Tenth Census, 342.
=War=, with Indians, 92, 96;
with Susquehannas, 73;
King Philip's, 84;
King William's, 88;
Queen Anne's, 91;
King George's, 92;
with Pequods, 107;
Yamassees, 129;
with Spanish Florida, 133;
French and Indian, 135-146;
with Great Britain, 157-198;
with Miamis, 207;
with Tripoli, 216;
of 1812, 221-241;
Black Hawk, 251;
Seminole, 252;
with Mexico, 261-267;
the Civil, 281-319;
Modoc, 332;
Sioux, 333;
Nez Percé, 338.
=Warren=, Joseph, at Bunker Hill, 160.
=Washington=, admission of, 360.
=Washington= City, founded, 213;
burned by the British, 238.
=Washington=, George, embassy to St. Pierre, 136;
at Great Meadows, 138;
with Braddock, 139;
in Shenandoah, 142;
against Fort Du Quesne, 144;
commander-in-chief, 161;
sketch of, 161;
besieges Boston, 162;
occupies Boston, 163;
at New York, 164;
on Long Island, 166;
retreats to New York, 167;
occupies Fort Lee, 168;
retreats to Trenton, 169;
crosses the Delaware, 169;
at Trenton, 170;
at Princeton, 171;
at Brandywine, 176;
at Germantown, 176;
at Valley Forge, 177;
at Monmouth, 180;
quells mutiny, 192;
farewell to army, 198;
elected President, 202;
administration of, 205-210;
inauguration of, 205;
reelected, 208;
farewell address, 210;
recalled from retirement, 212;
death of, 213.
=Washington= Monument, completion of the, 348.
=Washington=, Treaty of, 330.
=Wayne=, Anthony, at Stony Point, 184;
subdues the Indians, 208, 209.
=Webster=, Daniel, reply to Hayne, 251;
Secretary of State, 257, 271;
concludes Ashburton Treaty, 258;
death of, 272.
=Wesley=, Charles, in America, 133.
=Wesley=, John, in America, 132.
=West= India Company, the Dutch, organization of, 94.
=West= Virginia, admission of, 309.
=Weymouth=, founded, 77.
=Wheeler=, William A., elected Vice-president, 336.
=Whisky= Insurrection, the, 208.
=Whitefield=, George, preaching in America, 133.
=Whitemarsh=, operations at, 176.
=White= Plains, battle of, 168.
=Whitney=, Eli, inventor of cotton gin, 285.
=Wilderness=, battles in the, 316.
=Wingfield=, Edward, in London Company, 47;
at Jamestown settlement, 48;
embezzles stores, 58.
=William= Henry, Fort, building of, 142;
massacre at, 143.
=Williams=, Roger, arraigned for heresy, 79;
banished from Massachusetts, 80;
with the Narragansetts, 107;
founds Providence, 111;
founds Rhode Island, 112.
=Wilson's= Creek, battle of, 290.
=Winthrop=, John, governor of Massachusetts, 79.
=Winthrop=, the younger, founds Saybrook, 107;
secures charter for Connecticut, 109.
=Wisconsin=, admission of, 268.
=Witchcraft= in Salem, 89-91.
=Wives= for colonists, 68.
=Wolfe=, General, captures Quebec, 145;
death of, 146.
=World's= Fair in New York, the, 274.
=Writs= of Assistance, the, 150.
=Wyatt=, Sir Francis, governor of Virginia, 68;
retires from office, 70;
reelected, 21.
=Wyoming=, massacre of, 180.
=Wyoming=, organization of Territory, 325;
admission of State, 366.
Y
=Yale= College, founded, 110.
=Yamassees=, war with the, 129.
=Yeamans=, Sir John, governor of Carolina, 128.
=Yeardley=, George, appointed governor of Virginia, 67;
reappointed, 70;
death of, 70.
=Yellow= fever epidemic, the, 339.
=Yorktown=, siege of, 196.
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| Transcriber notes:
|
| Tags that surround the words: =Wyoming= indicate bold.
| _fish_ indicate italics.
Words in small capitals are shown in UPPERCASE.
Footnotes have been moved to the end of the paragraph.
Sidenotes have been moved out of paragraphs. |
|
Inconsistent hyphenation and variant spelling remain.
Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
+------------------------------------------------------------+
End of Project Gutenberg's History of the United States, by John Clark Ridpath