Negroes: "Shadows" continued--The crime of murder--Instances of
it--Hon. Sam. Martin--Giles Blizard--Adam Ogilvie.
The next crime I have to mention, in this continuation of dark
tints, is murder. This dreadful act, however, I am happy to say,
is not very common now; in these days they seldom embrue their
hands in human blood; but in former years, years of moral
darkness, the negroes used frequently to suffer death for the
Obeah practice of poisoning, or in some other way taking the
lives of their fellow-creatures, particularly those who had
authority over them, and who, in the exercise of that authority,
made use of harsh measures. Perhaps it may not be uninteresting
to some of my readers to narrate a few instances of the most
remarkable murders which have been committed in Antigua; for,
strange as it may appear, almost every one likes to hear of deeds
of blood.
In 1701, a dreadful murder occurred, the details of which are as
follows:--The speaker of the house of assembly, the Hon. Samuel
Martin, the owner of that beautiful and romantic property "Green
Castle," had for some reason or the other refused his slaves
their usual Christmas holiday, and compelled them to work
throughout the day. This infraction upon what they considered
their right so exasperated his negroes, that on the 25th of
December, 1701, they with one accord rose upon their master,
determined to take sure revenge. Accordingly, at the dead hour of
the night, they broke open the doors of his mansion, and rushing
to the chamber of Major Martin, fell upon him, and actually
hacked him to death, with the hoes they had been using in the
cultivation of his sugar-canes.
Shocked at the dreadful fate of her husband, and fearing the same
terrible death from the infuriated slaves, should they discover
her, Mrs. Martin fled from the scene of horror, and with her
frightened children, sought safety within the precincts of a
neighbouring cane-field. Here she remained throughout the
remainder of that awful night; until when the morning came, and
the bright sun arose and chased away the clouds of darkness, she
summoned courage to leave her place of concealment, and throw
herself and children upon the protection of her friends. The body
of the unfortunate Major Martin (after an inquest had been held
upon it) was interred in the churchyard of St. John's; and the
chief actors in the tragical affair were afterwards brought to
condign punishment. Mrs. Martin lived for many years after this
sad event, and married for her second husband Governor Byam,
(vide Appendix, Byam Lineage.) The father of Major Martin was the
first of the name who emigrated to the West Indies, and the
ancestor of the present Sir Henry Martin, who traces his descent
from thence.[23]
About seventy years ago, a gentleman of the name of Giles Blizard
owned an estate in that part of Antigua called Pope's Head, which
estate at the present day is added to another, and the whole is
in possession of the Hon. Bertie E. Jarvis. Giles Blizard was a
true planter of the olden time. He resided in an old roomy
mansion upon his estate, where wealth and meanness were strongly
contrasted,--where the silver flagons and costly salvers
glittered amid the coarse earthenware of England, like a proud
and high-born beauty, who by some strange chance has been mixed
with the common herd,--where the polished surface of the mahogany
furniture mocked the unwashed walls and darkened roof of the
apartments, whose protruding beams afforded safe protection to
innumerable hordes of insects. Surrounded by his numerous slaves,
the old gentleman exercised the power of a prince, and gave no
bad idea of the Saxon Thane, or more haughty feudal baron.
Everything in his dwelling was conducted upon a scale of heavy
munificence; his table groaned beneath the weight of its various
viands; but there was no order, no delicacy observed in the
arrangement of them. Like the generality of Antiguan planters, he
was hospitable in the extreme; his doors were ever open, and
every visiter was sure of a hearty welcome. A stranger would have
been surprised at having wines of the choicest vintage handed to
him by a bare-footed butler, or his every movement attended to by
a host of half-naked negroes; but such was the domestic
arrangement of the old Antiguan mansions. Giles Blizard was
supposed to be exceedingly rich, and to keep by him a noble
portion of hard cash, which in _those golden days_ was generally
in the form of doubloons and joes.[24] He was fond of boasting of
his ample share of this world's wealth; and this exciting the
rapacity of two of his slaves, prompted them to murder him, that
they might become possessed of his store. A convenient
opportunity for perpetrating this foul deed had long been waited
for, and was at length obtained.
At the close of a gloomy day, in the last month of the year, the
old gentleman seated himself upon a sofa, and prepared to take
his evening nap, attended only by a black boy of the name of
Diamond. The evening was tempestuous; and between the pauses of
the storm, the inmates of the apartment listened once or twice,
as they thought they heard approaching footsteps; but the wind
shook the ill secured shutters with such violence as to drown all
other sounds, until at length they supposed that it was nothing
but fancy, or the hollow moaning of the blast.
Giles Blizard was at that period of life when to many the
pleasures and luxuries of this world seem sweeter from the
certainty that they are drawing near their close, for often, very
often, is it that--
"Aged men, full loth and slow,
The vanities of life forego;
And count their youthful follies o'er,
Till mem'ry lends her light no more."
Thoughts similar to these might float through the brain of the
old gentleman, for Giles Blizard was a lover of conviviality, and
many a festive scene had those old walls witnessed; but the hands
of an antique clock, painted in various devices, pointed to the
hour of midnight, and once more adjusting his head, the planter
sank to sleep.
The two slaves, the intended murderers, who, through a crack in
the shutter, had been watching the movement of their master and
his youthful attendant, perceiving by his unaltered position and
deep breathing that he slept, and having full proof of the
other's being in that oblivious state from the sound of his nasal
organs, quietly took off the shutter, and entered the apartment,
armed with a blunderbuss. Placing their hands upon the shoulders
of the old gentleman, and holding the deadly weapon to his ear,
they demanded where he kept his cash. In vain their victim prayed
for mercy--in vain solicited the boon of one short hour to
collect his scattered thoughts; the murderers were not to be
turned from their fell purpose; the finger was pressed upon the
fatal trigger, and the deed was done; the soul of Giles Blizard
winged its way to the vast shores of eternity, and the sofa where
he laid him down in full confidence of safety was covered with
his brains, and blood, and silver hairs.
Shocking as it is to humanity to relate, one of the criminals was
the natural son of the old man, who, although he was not the
actual murderer, was the instigator of the dreadful act; for
when, at his master's earnest prayer for mercy, the black man
seemed to relent, Geoffry (the name of Mr. Blizard's coloured
son) told him to do it at once, and make sure of it, or else he
would himself. After the perpetration of this atrocious crime,
the murderers placed the blunderbuss upon a table, close to the
side of their victim, with a glass of brandy and water near it,
supposing that, when discovered, it would be surmised that it was
an act of self-destruction; but murder is an offence "that's
rank, it smells to heaven," and, in most instances, the slayer is
discovered. The boy, who really slept upon the entrance of the
men, was awakened by the noise; but perceiving the blunderbuss,
and hearing the conversation which ensued between his master and
his murderers, he became alarmed, and, to ensure his own safety,
counterfeited sleep. Upon the morrow's dawn he hastened to relate
the circumstance, and by these means the offenders were brought
to justice. They were carried before a magistrate, and condemned
to suffer death by decapitation on the following day, which was
Christmas-day; but Mr. Rose, the then marshal, got it postponed
until the day after, thinking that a greater number of spectators
would be present, to whom it would act as a warning. The culprits
were taken down to a spot where such scenes were generally
performed, and which still goes by the name of Gallows Bay, and
there, after being blindfolded, they were bound to the upright
post of the gallows, their right hands first struck off, and then
their heads. The heads, after being dipped in pitch, were stuck
upon spikes, and the hands nailed under them, while their bodies
were carried down to the water's edge, and there burned in a
lime-kiln. This, I think, was the last time decapitation was
practised in Antigua, although in former years that mode of
execution was very frequent; it may be said, perhaps, that it is
more dreadful to the sight than pain to the culprit, for a
skilful executioner at one stroke would sever the head from the
body; but I must say I am very happy that now no whitened skull
or distorted features are likely to meet my sight in an evening
walk.
The next most remarkable murder committed in Antigua was one in
which a young man of good extraction was the unfortunate victim.
About the year 1800, Mr. Adam Ogilvie, son to Sir John Ogilvie,
arrived in Antigua, to take charge of his father's property in
that island. Young Ogilvie was in the spring of life, for he had
not numbered more than twenty years, and all things glittered
around him, and presented to his eye a fair and pleasing
prospect. But, alas! for man "nought ministers delight but what
the glowing passions can engage;" drawn by that alluring goddess,
Pleasure, who hides beneath a smiling mask her haggard and
distorted visage, Mr. Ogilvie was led into a train of debauchery,
and, among other excesses, formed an illicit connexion with a
female named Molly belonging to the property. To this female
might justly be applied the hackneyed sentence, "Frailty, thy
name is woman!" for during this intercourse with her master, she
proved _enceinte_ by one of the servants, a boy of the name of
"Martin;" and fearing a disclosure of her infamy, and not willing
to give up her favoured suitor, she, in conjunction with him and
two other slaves upon the property, planned the murder of her
unfortunate master. During the residence of Mr. Ogilvie upon the
estate, he thought proper to have some of the negroes punished
for various offences committed by them, among whom were the
accomplices of Martin and Molly, and this was one cause of their
so readily joining them in their diabolical scheme.
On the night chosen for the execution of their design, Mr.
Ogilvie retired early to-bed, and soon tasted that sweet restorer
--balmy sleep. His murderers, after waiting a sufficient time to
assure themselves of the fact, proceeded in a body to his
apartment, attended by the wicked, heartless Molly, bearing a
candle and lanthorn in her hand, for the purpose of giving light
to the men while in performance of their demoniacal office of
strangling Mr. Ogilvie. Upon gaining the bedside of their
sleeping victim, who, unconscious of his fate, perhaps some
"Fantastic measure trod o'er fairy fields,"
or else dreamt of health, long life and honours, all alas! fated
to exist but in the brain--the murderous party sprang upon him,
and as a refinement in cruelty, awoke him, and with many
imprecations, informed him that for his ill conduct, they were
come for the purpose of taking his life. Death is common to all;
but then to die by violent hands in the midst of health and
vigour; to be so rudely awakened from an earthly slumber, so soon
to be consigned to that last long sleep, which all must do,
"When we have shuffled off this mortal coil;"
how hard to bear! What "tempest to the soul!" Oh! how that victim
begged! how promised to be all they wished, would they but give
him that one boon--life, which, when once taken, can never be
restored. All was of no avail! To each agonized entreaty, no
answer was returned, but a firmer grasp upon his throat. Mr.
Ogilvie had ever been in the practice of sleeping with loaded
pistols under his pillow, and in this moment of danger, one of
his first cares was to possess himself of those weapons. But here
again Molly stepped in as his evil genius; for to carry fully
into effect her murderous intentions, she had, during the
preceding day, contrived to take out the flints. The tragedy
hastened to a close; disappointed in his hopes of defence, and
pinioned by his murderers, Mr. Ogilvie's struggles became fainter
and fainter--his sighs burst thicker from his lips--the blood
gushed in torrents to his head and face, as his deadly enemies
pressed more tightly the heaving throat--his blood-shot eyes
started from their sockets--and with one sharp pang, one choking
frenzied cry, his spirit winged its flight to another sphere, and
his body sank on the pillow a blackened corpse.
The dreadful deed completed, no feeling of contrition, no twinge
of conscience haunted the murderers; but taking the key of the
cellar, they hastened to convey to the chamber of the dead, a
bottle of wine, and another of shrub. After enjoying themselves
with a portion of these liquors, they placed the remainder upon
the bed, at the feet of their inanimate victim, thinking that as
Mr. Ogilvie had lately given way to excessive inebriety, an
indulgence in that vice would be considered as the cause of his
death, when the body should be discovered.
Long did the overseer upon the property wait the following
morning for the appearance of his employer; anxiously did he
watch the door, as hour after hour rolled away; but the door
still remained closed, and his patience becoming exhausted, and
fearful of some misfortune, he at length determined to burst it
open. This effected, the dreadful truth quickly forced itself
upon his conviction; there lay Mr. Ogilvie stiff and cold, who
only the day before exulted in all the glow and strength of
youth. As no information could be obtained from either of the
servants, as to whether Mr. Ogilvie had complained of
indisposition during the night, it was thought necessary to call
a coroner's inquest to sit upon the body; and consequently,
Martin, on account of his being the deceased's most constant
attendant, was despatched to convey the necessary information to
the coroner.
Mr. Ogilvie's estate was situated at the extreme west end of the
island, and at that period, the person who exercised the office
of coroner resided at the extreme east end. Martin, who knew too
well the cause of his unfortunate master's death, found his
interest lay in retarding, rather than urging on his journey, and
from this cause, the coroner did not reach Mr. Ogilvie's
residence until the following day, when the body was found to be
in such a decomposed state, that the coroner's jury could form no
correct opinion as to the cause of his death, and therefore
returned a verdict of "Died by the visitation of God."[25]
So far all was well with Martin and his associates; no hand
pointed to them, no eye watched their movements. Suspicion was at
rest; and no "foul whisperings" were abroad which would tend to
urge further inquiry into the tragic event. In this manner, three
years rolled away; but murder will out; sooner or later, such
deeds are published in the broad front of heaven. Like the savage
tiger, who, having once tasted human blood, longs for more,
Martin and his accomplices, finding how well they got through
their first murder, resolved to attempt the life of the manager,
Mr. David Simon.
Mr. Simon had been living upon another estate belonging to the
Ogilvie family and for some time before had been suffering from
severe indisposition. When in a convalescent state, he was
invited by Dr. Ogilvie (who had taken charge of the estates,
after the demise of Mr. Adam Ogilvie) to spend some time with
him, for change of air. The room appropriated for his reception
was the one in which Mr. Adam Ogilvie met his fate: and here it
was that Martin and his party determined to strangle him, as they
had formerly done their master. Night, "sable goddess," from her
ebon throne, "stretched her leaden sceptre o'er a slumbering
world," and Mr. Simon retired to rest; but before he courted the
embrace of sleep, his thoughts dwelt upon that kind Power who had
so graciously supported him throughout a severe fit of illness,
and at length brought him to that state of convalescence when he
could again enjoy those things which make life sweet. Whilst
ruminating upon these subjects, his attention was drawn to a
slight rustle in his apartment, and listening more intently, he
heard a whispering voice exclaim, "Hold him!" His first plan was
to spring from his bed, but in the act of doing so, he was
grappled by one or two of his assassins. Fearful was the struggle
which ensued--the one striving for his life, the others for their
safety, which they well knew would be lost did their intended
victim escape. At length, wonderfully renewed with a sufficient
degree of strength, Mr. Simon was enabled to jump to the back of
the bed, which fortunately happened to be distant two or three
feet from the partition--a place not calculated for the murderers
following up their attack. Here, keeping his assassins at bay,
Mr. Simon redoubled his cries of murder, which at length were
fortunately heard by Dr. Ogilvie, who occupied a distant chamber,
and who quickly coming to his assistance, the culprits became
alarmed, and endeavoured to make their escape by the windows.
This they finally succeeded in doing, but not before Martin (the
individual who, it will be remembered, was sent to call the
coroner on the occasion of Mr. Ogilvie's untimely death) was
fully recognised by the manager and Dr. Ogilvie. The next
morning, it was discovered that Martin and his accomplices had
absconded, upon which, search was made, and in the course of a
short time, they were apprehended and brought up for trial.
Molly, the faithless paramour of Mr. Ogilvie, turned king's
evidence; and in the course of her examination, admitted the
facts of that gentleman's murder, and her own share in that
shocking deed. It may be necessary to observe, that when the
murder of Mr. Ogilvie was determined, the ranger upon the estate,
a man of the name of Jacob, was fully sensible of their
intentions, although he would not aid them in the completion; he
was therefore found guilty as an accessary before the fact, and
with Martin and the others, condemned and executed; his body hung
in chains upon the property as a warning to others. Molly and her
child are still alive, and reside upon the estate where she
played so shameful a part; whether a prey to remorse, I am unable
to say; but we hope she has truly repented, and sought pardon
where it is only to be found--at the throne of Heaven.
The family annals of Sir John Ogilvie present little but a series
of disasters. Out of nine sons, two died prematurely in the East
Indies, one was killed in Egypt, another fell in the capture of
Martinique, while, as we have already seen, young Adam was
murdered in Antigua.
------
[23] For the genealogy of the Martin family, see Appendix.
[24] A gold coin, of about the value of 3l. 4s.. sterling. The
joe was a gold coin worth about 36s.. sterling.
[25] Decomposition takes place so soon in this warm country, that
interment is necessary within twenty-four hours after
dissolution.