WILL FARMING PAY, chap. i, 13;
will it pay considered, 13;
the case of a man without capital, 13;
difficulties common to all pursuits, 13-4;
Astor referred to, 14;
earning the first thousand dollars, 14;
instance of remarkable success in farming, near Boston, 15;
case of a farmer in Northern Vermont, 15-6;
Professor Mapes's success, 14;
profitable return from a fruit farm on the Hudson, 15-6;
that shiftless farming don't pay admitted, 17;
good farming profitable, 17;
farming not recommended as a pursuit to every man, 17;
it can never be dispensed with, 17;
it is the first, and most essential of human pursuits, 17;
all are interested in having it honored and prosperous, 17;
if unprofitable, it is from mismanagement, 17;
the author's aim in these essays, 17.
GOOD AND BAD HUSBANDRY, chap. ii, 18;
good and bad farming considered, 18;
necessity master of us all, 18;
dictates the line to follow in farming, 18-9;
application of the principle to pasturing, 19-20;
illustration of good farming, 20-21;
excuses for waste insufficient, 21;
truths on which good farming depend, 21;
good crops invariably practicable, 21-2;
rarely fail to pay, 23;
increasing productiveness of the soil the fairest single test, 22;
where to farm considered, 23;
experience of the author's father regarding the East and West, 23;
circumstances qualifying it, 23;
the difficulties of the pioneer's life, 23-4;
purchase of an "improvement" recommended in certain cases, 24;
civilized places are to be preferred for settlement, 24;
co-operation may change matters, 24;
good farming will pay everywhere, 25;
no one having a good farm advised to migrate, 25;
money is made by farming near New York as fast as in the West, 25;
where migration is advised, and its advantages, 25;
troubles attendant on buying on credit, 25;
the West will grow more rapidly than the East during the next
twenty years, 26;
the South invites immigration, 26;
great inducements offered, 26;
combined effort recommended, 26;
good farming land cheapest in the United States, 27;
an incident in Illinois farming, 27;
counsel to intending purchasers, 27;
land cheap in every State, 28;
advantages of settling in colonies, 28;
the first steps toward doing so, 28;
division of the lands, 28;
laying out the town, 28;
the progress it ought to make, 28;
economy of capital accomplished, 28;
PREPARING TO FARM, chap. iv, 29;
counsel intended for young men unaccustomed to farming, 29;
patience recommended, 29;
penalties of over haste, 29;
value of experience illustrated, 30;
an inexperienced young man advised to hire out, 30;
procure books, 30;
general counsel, 31;
how the course advised differs from running into debt, 31-2;
experience and practice essential, 32;
circumstances where theoretical study is approved, 32;
qualifying remarks, 32-3;
he who has mastered farming is competent to buy a farm, 33;
exceptions, 33;
a young man should not wait until he can buy a large farm, 33;
twenty acres ample for $2,000 capital, 33;
that extent is sufficient to test his aptitude, 33;
BUYING A FARM, chap. v, 34;
it is better to buy good land than poor, 34;
poor land can be turned to account, 34;
the smallest farm should have its strip of forest, 34;
advantage of New England and countries of like surface over very
fertile regions, 34;
cannot be divested of forest, 34;
"Five Acres" or "Ten Acres" not sufficient, 35;
exceptions, 35;
genuine farms, the general want, 35;
the remark "he has too much land," 35;
some men specially adapted for large farms, 35;
individual circumstances control, 35;
counsel to a young man intent on buying a farm, 36;
means of buying to be the main guide, 36;
capital the true limit, 36;
New England farms comparatively as cheap as Western, 36;
migration urged only for those who cannot buy farms in the Old
States, 36;
success of the butter-makers of Vermont, 36;
also of New York cheese dairymen, 36;
insuperable barriers in the East to effective cultivation, 37;
cultivation by steam must render large farms necessary, 37;
grain growing not likely to be extended in the East, 37;
the West to be the source of supply of bread-corn to the East, 37;
main considerations in buying land in the Eastern States, 37;
in the West the case is different, 37;
social considerations, 38;
make a permanent investment, 38;
have confidence that industry will be rewarded, 38;
LAYING OFF A FARM, chap. vi, 39;
the surface and soil of a farm should be carefully studied, 39;
misconception of the similarity of prairie farms, 39;
a Northern farm selected for illustration, 40;
preparatory steps in laying off, 40;
care necessary, 40;
a pasture to be first selected, 40;
what it should be, 41;
the one great error in relation to this matter, 41;
weeds inseparable from pasture, 42;
treatment of a pasture, 42-3;
it should have a rude shed, 43;
fodder to be brought to cattle, 43;
"too much" land and tree planting, 50;
farming in Westchester County, N. Y., 51;
management of grass lands a test of farming, 152;
THE FARMER'S CALLING: chap. xxxi, 183;
merits of farmers as a class, 183;
the author would have advised one of his sons if spared to attain
manhood to become a good farmer, 183;
difficulties attending the farmer's calling, 184;
author's reason for recommending farming as a vocation to his son,
184;
no other business in which success is so nearly certain as it,
184-5;
farming conduces to a reverence for honesty and truth, 185-6;
it is conducive to thorough manliness of character, 186-7;
advantages the farmer enjoys in that respect over persons in other
pursuits, 187;
incidents of the author's experience as a journalist in this
regard, 187-8;
independent position of the true farmer, 188;
difficulties a young farmer encounters as a pioneer, 248-9;
considerably obviated be co-operation, 250;
co-operation admits of wider application, 250-1;
fencing as an illustration of the want of co-operation, 251-2;
wide adaptability of co-operation, 252-3;
Mr. E. V. de Boissiere's co-operative farm, 253-4;
farming in Colorado, 265;
mistaken calculations of inexperienced farmers, 299-300;
summing up: the farmer's calling, 308;
American farming, 309;
good farming is and must ever be a paying business, 310;
thorough tillage, 310;
choosing a location, 311;
prudence enjoined, 311-2;
the greed for land, 312-3;
shallow culture, 319;
need for study and inquiry, 320.
FARMS: LARGE AND SMALL FARMS, chap. xlix, 292;
naked magnitude has fascination for most minds, 292;
some men can farm a township, 292;
large farmers, 293;
the opportunities and expectations of the small farmer, 293;
making money from small farms, 293-4;
large farming can never enable us to dispense with small farms, 294;
evidence thereof, 294;
fruit culture, 294;
the production of eggs and the rearing of fowls, 294;
the inducements offered to fowl-breeders, 295;
this industry should comment itself to poor widows, 295;
the growing of market vegetables, 296;
the profits realized therein; 296;
general conclusions, 296-7.
FARMERS' CLUBS--FARMERS' CLUBS, chap. xliii, 254;
farmers divide into two classes, 254;
characteristics of those who do too little work, 255;
the farmers who work too much, 255;
illustration thereof, 255;
value of the club to them, 256;
who should form the club, 256;
its rules, 256-7;
the chief end to be attained, 257;
habits of observation and reflection, 257;
evidence of the need thereof, 257;
a genuine interest in their vocation is needed by farmers, 257-8;
false fancies to be removed, 258;
the officers of the club, 258;
grafts, plants or seeds for gratuitous distribution, 258;
an annual flower show, 259;
an exhibition of fruits, 259;
the organization of a farmers' club is the chief difficulty, 259;
how removed, 259.
FARM IMPLEMENTS--FARM IMPLEMENTS, chap. xli, 237;
labor arduous enough without adding inefficient implements, 237;
improvements therein during fifty years, 237;
proofs thereof, 237;
the inferior implements used in the greater part of Europe, 237-8;
the claim of inventors or their agents to attention, 238-9;
the stock of an implement warehouse, 239;
a co-operative plan will be found necessary to secure the needful
implements, 240;
reasons therefor, 240;
greater inventions are certain to be made, 241;
inventions for plowing, 241.
FENCES, 100-1. FENCES AND FENCING, chap. xxxvii, 219;
excessive fencing general, 219;
fences are commonly dispensed with in France and other parts of
Europe, 219;
drivers must there keep their cattle from injuring the wayside
crops, 219;
American railroads have largely superseded cattle-driving, 220;
fresh meat will ultimately come from the Prairies, in refrigerating
cars, 220;
owners of animals should be responsible for their care, 220-221;
fencing bears with special severity on the pioneer, 221;
fences, where necessary, are a deplorable necessity, 221;
obstacles to introducing ditches and hedges, 221-2;
wire fences, 222;
stone walls, 222;
rail fences, 222-3;
posts and boards are the cheapest material for fences, 223;
Red Cedar posts, 223;
Locust posts, 223;
posts set top-end down last longest, 224;
general conclusions, 224;
forms one of the pioneer's many trials, 251;
it is different, but not better, with settlers on broad prairies,
251;
co-operation would secure an immense economy in, 252, 287;
should be scrutinized in winter, 306;
most American farms east of the Roanoke and Wabash have too many
fences, 313.
FERTILIZERS, Commercial.
COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS--GYPSUM, chap. xvii, 102;
Gypsum might be generally applied to cultivated land, with profit,
102;
the case where it costs $10, or over, per ton, considered, 102;
it should be used in all stables and yards, 102;
on meadows and pastures, 102;
_time_ and mode of application, 103;
_how_ Gypsum impels and invigorates vegetable growth, referred to,
103;
its value practically demonstrated in and around Paris, 303-4;
the nature of Gypsum, 104;
the chemists' theory of it, 104;
its actual effect assumed as the basis of these remarks, 104;
Gypsum ought to be extensively applied to pastures and slopes,
104-5;
a farmer's observations on its effects, 105;
it may be easily procured, 105;
its trial requested, 105-6;
soils can be improved by means of calcined clay, 105;
a successful trial thereof, 106.
ALKALIS ... SALT--ASHES--LIME, chap. xvii, 107;
all our country's surface might be improved by the use of suitable
fertilizers, 107;
not many acres but might be made more fertile by their use, 107;
comparative exhaustion of the soil soon renders them necessary,
107-8;
the good farmer's inquiry on the subject, 108;
the state of each soil respectively, the true guide in using
fertilizers, 108;
alkaline substances might be universally applied with profit, 108;
the use of ashes considered, 108-9
Marls of New Jersey, 109;
Salt, 109;
Potash, 109;
the author's trial of, 109-10;
Lime as a fertilizer, 110;
careful tests of the value of Alkalis suggested, 110-11.
SOIL AND FERTILIZERS, chap. xix, 112;
the farmer a manufacturer, 112;
the opinion that some lands are naturally rich enough, 112;
the great wheat product at the Salt Lake City Plain, 112;
the author's experience regarding the imperfect manuring of land,
113;
more manure and less seed should be applied by most farmers, 113;
the richest soils deteriorate after successive crops, 114;
Nature's law of inflexible exaction, 114;
rich soil from the West exhibited at the N. Y. Farmers' Club, 114;
chemical analysis made of same, 114;
Professor Mapes' remark thereon, 114;
the mistake of fertilizing poor lands only, 115;
better to produce the same quantity of Corn from a small than a
large area in certain cases, 115;
barn-yard manure, and its use, 115-6;
no farmer ever impoverished by making and using manure of his own
manufacture, 117;
Lime has been used without advantage, 111;
reasons therefor, 111;
adulteration of Lime, 111;
farmers advised to be discriminating, 111;
experiment recommended where there is doubt, 111;
BONES--PHOSPHATES--GUANO, chap. xx, 118;
wasteful outlay for fertilizers, 118;
fertilizers needed and used in Westchester Co., N. Y., 118;
where not needed, 119;
unprofitable use of Guano, 120;
exceptions to the general rule, 120;
the other fertilizers, 120;
author's trial of Guano, 121;
not of general application, 121;
experiments and careful observation recommended, 122;
results that may be expected, 123;
the earth closet, 123;
importance of it and kindred devices, 123;
oyster-shell lime is the best, 128;
the fertilizers to be used in preparing for an orchard, 142-3;
treatment of swamp muck for potatoes, 173;
fertilizers for potatoes when muck cannot be had, 173-4;
supposed inquiry of the people of Warren Co., N. Y, "How shall we
obtain fertilizers?" 192;
answered, 193;
a Maine essayist on sourness of the soil and its remedy, 232-3;
necessity for scientific knowledge on the effects of, 232;
importance of some standard to go by in using, 234-5;
the digging and drawing of clay as winter work, 306;
value of clay for grass land, 306;
procuring commercial fertilizers, as winter work, 306.
FRUIT: a profitable fruit farm on the Hudson, 14;
culture of, 35, 37, 107;
ravages of insects on fruits, 129-30.
PEACHES--PEARS--CHERRIES--GRAPES, chap. xxvii, 156;
adaptability of American climates as regards fruit-growing, 157;
why the climates of some sections are unfavorable for the most
valued tree fruits, 156-7;
author's personal observations, 157;
difficulties attending the growing of finer fruits, 158;
counsel thereon to farmers mainly engaged in the production of
grain and cattle, 157-8;
grape-growing, 159;
the mistake of neglecting vines, 159;
experiment recommended, 159;
necessary precautions, 160;
the course recommended to a farmer who proposes to grow pears,
peaches, and quinces, 160-1, 168, 228, 232, 259;
the descriptions of fruit grown by small farmers, 294;
fruit culture would decline should small farms be generally
absorbed into larger, 294;
treatment of fruit-trees in winter, 307.
GAMMA GRASS, 261.
GARDA, Lake, 75.
GENESEE, Valley of the, 163, 165, 292.
GEOLOGY, 30, 190, 231.
GERMANY, 289.
GRAIN, 22, 35, 40, 107, 110, 118, 125, 126, 132, 157, 167, 186, 206,
228, 235, 239, 264, 266, 291, 293, 294, 296.
_See also_ CORN.
GRAPES, 16, 59, 140, 226, 294.
_See also_ FRUITS.
GREAT BASIN, the, 138, 278, 317.
GREAT BRITAIN, 179, 238.
GRASS, 22, 40, 43, 67, 68, 95, 107, 110, 121, 152-3, 191, 232, 238,
239, 264.
_See also_ PASTURING AND HAY.
GREELEY, Horace--Arrival in New York, 13-4;
own experience of the difficulties of securing a good start in life,
14;
remark of his father to, on migration toward the West, 23;
own evidence of the value of experience, 30;
is descended from several generations of tree-cutters, 44;
engaged for three years in land clearing, 44;
reference to Amherst, N. H., his birthplace, 52;
description of his farm, 62;
drainage thereof. 63-8;
observations in Italy, 74-6;
experiments in irrigation, 76-7;
observations in Virginia, 80;
experience of the plowing of his plat in New York city, 87-8;
tries deep plowing, 88;
plowing of the hill-sides on his farm, 94;
benefits thereof, 94;
judges that the gravelly hill-sides of his farm would repay applying
200 tons per acre of pure clay, 108;
experience of guano, 121;
raising locust from seed, 134;
hay product of his farm, 151;
helps in hay-making from swamps, 152;
hoed corn in his boyhood, 162;
observations on the corn-fields of the Mississippi valley, 163;
observations at Chicago twenty-three years ago, 164;
finds potatoes less prolific on his farm than in New Hampshire, 173;
speaks as a journalist's and farmer's calling, 187;
observations in Warren county, N. Y., 191;
the stone wall on his farm, 218;
experience of agricultural exhibitions, 225;
the plowing on his farm, 281;
mentions the sale of his apples as an illustration of the imperfect
means of exchanging farm products, 298.
GREELEY, the city of, 262.
GUANO, 116, 120, 121, 192, 318.
GULF STREAM, 178.
GYPSUM, 120, 121, 122, 174, 233, 317, 318.
_See also_ FERTILIZERS, COMMERCIAL.
HARLEM RAILROAD, 62.
HAWK, the, 132.
HAY, 20, 68, 78, 95, 119, 122, 147.
HAY AND HAY-MAKING, chap. xxvi, 150;
importance of the grass crop, 150;
the portion made into hay, 150;
its quantity, 150;
the product and quality should be better, 151;
author's experience, 151;
the management of grass lands is a criterion of farming, 150;
hay-making in New England fifty years ago, 152;
too little grass-seed is now used, 152;
too little discrimination used in sowing grass seeds, 153;
the variety of good grasses will be increased, 153;
grass is cut in the average too late, 153;
consequences, 153-54;
the plea that our farmers are short-handed in the summer harvest,
154;
treatment of grass when cut, 154;
the author's anticipation of how hay-making will yet be carried on,
155;
the need for improvement in hay-making insisted on, 155;
explanation thereof, 155. Also 167, 189, 191, 211, 235, 288, 291,
306.
_See also_ GRASS.
HAY-MAKING, _See_ HAY.
HEMLOCK, 19, 58, 60, 66, 223, 287, 314.
HICKORY, 53, 54, 55, 59, 135, 136, 215, 291, 314.
HIGHWAYS, 249.
HOES, 237.
HOGS, 143.
HOLLAND, 238.
HOMESTEAD LAW, 249.
HOPS, 164.
HORSES, 132;
carrots as food for, 182.
HUDSON, the, 16;
a fruit farmer on the, 16;
the valley of the, 165;
banks of the upper, 191;
the valley of the upper, 190, 191, 317.
HUMBOLDT, the river, 81.
HUMBOLDT, the, or Canada Creek, 75.
HUNGARY, 164.
ILLINOIS, State of, 37;
Northern, 163, 164;
prairies of, 164, 246, 264, 289.
INDIANA, 37, 163.
INSECTS--INSECTS--BIRDS, chap. xxii, 129;
the serious loss to farmers from insects, 129;
birds our best allies, 129;
what good they can do, 130;
ravages of insects not entirely due to the scarcity of birds, 130;
degeneracy of our plants largely causes their ravages, 130;
Gov. Packer of Pennsylvania's observations thereon, 130-31;
the case of wheat and other plants, 131;
a war against insects must continue for a generation, 131;
the destruction of birds, 132;
the measures to be adopted against insects, 132;
birds should be preserved, 132;
associations should be formed to do so, 132;
artificial posts, 133;
legal measures proposed, 133;
their ravages in Newcastle township, Westchester, N. Y., 147-8;
caterpillars, 148;
numerous from neglect, 148;
duties of farmers and fruit growers, 149.
INTELLECT (in Agriculture)--INTELLECT IN AGRICULTURE, chap. xxxiii,
195;
years of rugged manual labor essential to success in hewing a farm
out of the forest, 195;
value of education to the farmer, 196;
our average common schools defective in not teaching geology and
chemistry, 196;
the leading principles and facts of these sciences ought to
constitute the reader of the highest class in the common schools,
196;
counsel to the young farmer on agricultural books, 197;
their value demonstrated, 198;
a two-hundred acre farm will be found to give ample scope, 199;
instructions regarding particular books, 199;
men of the strongest minds and best abilities will be attracted to
farming so fast and so far as it becomes intellectual, 199.
INTEREST, relatively high in this country, 202.
IOWA, 27, 163, 164, 168.
IRELAND, 170, 175, 289.
IRRIGATION--
IRRIGATION--MEANS AND ENDS, chap. xii. 74;
need of water for crops not often kept in view, 74;
the authors observations in Lombardy (Italy), 74-5;
the Atlantic Slope and Irrigation, 76;
author's experience in irrigation, 76-7;
results, 76;
irrigation of New England farms, 78;
advantages that would result therefrom, 78.
POSSIBILITIES OF IRRIGATION, chap. xiii, 79;
natural facilities for irrigation
general, 79;
artesian wells on the prairies, 79;
wells in California, 80;
water as a fertilizer, 80;
crops in Virginia suffering from want of irrigation, 80-1;
counsel to farmers on irrigation, 81-2;
great profits to be realized by irrigation, 82-3;
need of irrigation in the Eastern and Middle States considered, 83;
the prairie States after 1900, 83;
common objections to irrigation, 84;
it must become general, 247;
wells will be sunk for the purpose, 247;
a steam locomotive for the purpose referred to, 247;
irrigation will become general, 247;
WESTERN IRRIGATION, chap. xliv, 260;
irrigation is practicable everywhere, 260;
the portion of our country which cannot be cultivated without
irrigation, 260;
its extent, 260;
its climate, 260;
it is spoken of as desert, 261;
the readiest means of irrigating the plains, 261;
their extent, 261;
the North and South Platte rivers, 261;
Union Colony, 262;
its location, 262;
location of Greeley, 262;
the first irrigating canal of Union Colony, 262;
branches and ditches therefrom, 262-3;
how the water is deflected to it, 263;
the larger and longer canal, 263;
doubts at first entertained respecting the capacities of the soil,
264;
proved baseless, 264;
products of the soil, 264;
the cost of irrigation is not in excess of cultivating without it,
264;
demonstration thereof, 265;
it would pay to expend $10 per acre for irrigating New England
grass lands, 266;
MORE OF IRRIGATION, chap. xlvi, 274;
irrigation of places bordered by streams referred to, 274;
the facilities the Platte offers for irrigation, 274-5;
results that may be attained, 275;
the Plains, 275;
obstacles to their cultivation, 275-6;
the change that will be yet effected, 276;
how the plains will be irrigated, 276-7;
artesian wells, 277-8;
the co-operation of railroad companies anticipated, 278;
rain increases as settlements are multiplied, 278;
the permanent character of the Plains, 279;
tracts needing irrigation in the East, 279;
summing up of the author's views on, 315-6-7.
IRON, 242.
ITALY (Northern), 171.
KANSAS, 25, 26, 167, 249, 261, 264, 289.
KANSAS PACIFIC, the railroad, 262.
KENNEBEC, the valley of the, 165;
the river, 279.
KENTUCKY, 50.
KIT CARSON, the, 277.
LABORERS, Farm--Dearth of employment for, in winter, a great and
growing evil, 303.
LAKES, the Northern, 165.
LANCASTER COUNTY, Penn., 110.
LANCASHIRE (England), 76.
LAND. _See_ FARMING.
LANDS, public, 46.
LARD, 164.
LIEBIG'S agricultural chemistry, 199.
LIME, 104;
as a fertilizer, _see_ FERTILIZERS, COMMERCIAL;
_also_, 104, 110, 111, 120;
oyster shell, 121, 122, 128;
use in preparing for an orchard, 142, 143, 147, 167, 174, 192, 211,
232-3, 235, 306, 317, 318.
LOCUST, the, tree, 53, 54, 55, 60, 134, 215, 223, 314.
LOMBARDY, 74, 75, 76.
LONDON, 269.
LONDONDERRY (Ireland), 171;
New Hampshire, 171.
LONG ISLAND, N. Y., 166, 251, 315;
Sound, 172.
LONG'S PEAK, 262.
LORING, Dr. George B. (of Mass.), 193.
LUMBERING--How rocks in creeks are removed by a lumberman, 217.
MACHINES, agricultural, 225.
MAGGIORE, Lake, 75.
MAGNESIA, 235.
MAIDSTONE (England), 89.
MAINE, 125, 171, 232.
MANGANESE, 111.
MANGOLDS, 271.
MANUFACTURES, 164, 243.
MANURE, 95.
MAPLE, 287.
MAPES, Professor, 16, 85, 114, 128.
MARL, 109, 120, 122, 142, 167.
_See also_ FERTILIZERS, COMMERCIAL.
MARTINEAU, Miss., 187.
MARYLAND, 166, 251;
Eastern, 315.
MASSACHUSETTS, 171, 193.
McCORMICK, C., 86.
MEATS, 150, 164, 167, 200, 201;
meat will be ultimately conveyed in refrigerating cars, 220, 266.
MECHANICS, 243.
MELON, 226.
MEXICO, 172.
MICHIGAN, State of, 163;
Lake, 156.
MIDDLE STATES, 139.
MILK, 115, 167, 171.
MILLS, 249, 250.
MINNEHAHA, the, 285.
MINNESOTA, 25, 26, 36, 37, 163, 164, 168, 206, 249, 289.
MISSOURI, valley of the, 20;
State of, 168;
the river, 260, 261, 279.
MISSISSIPPI, valley of the upper, 20, 38;
valley of the, 45, 69, 163;
the river, 163.
MOLE PLOW, the, 72.
MONMOUTH, N. J., 166.
MORMONS, tree planting by, 46.
MORTGAGE, buying land on, 31.
MIDDLE STATES, pasturing in, 19, 25, 69, 142, 179, 204, 215.
MUCK, 95, 109, 116, 120;
use in preparing for an orchard, 142.
MUCK--HOW TO UTILIZE IT, chap. xxi, 124;
chemists will yet be able to determine the value of all kinds, 124;
use of muck profitable, 124;
the author's trial of it, 124;
how swamp muck forms, 124-5;
its vast extent, 125;
little benefit derived from applying it _directly_, 125;
the true course to adopt to secure good returns, 126-7;
practical evidence of its value, 127;
the course to be adopted by farmers having few animals, 127-8;
mixing salt with lime, 128, 147, 167;
diversity of opinion about, 233;
as an illustration of the need for more scientific knowledge,
233-4;
as an illustration of winter work, 304;
it is abundant and accessible, 304;
proof thereof, 305-6;
value of muck, 305;
where to procure, 318.
MUTTON. _See_ SHEEP;
_also_, 200, 220.
NAPOLEON I, 33, 292.
NEVADA, 46, 76, 83, 260.
NEWBURG, N. Y., a fruit farm above, on the Hudson, 16.
NEWCASTLE (township), Westchester Co., N. Y., 62, 147.
NEW ENGLAND, 25, 34, 36, 39, 45, 50, 69, 78, 79, 139, 152, 163, 164,
165, 171, 190, 206, 214, 266, 279, 286, 287, 289, 290, 291, 303.
NEW HAMPSHIRE, 87, 140, 172, 237.
NEW JERSEY, 49, 85, 109, 165;
Southern, 166, 167, 168, 169, 190, 251, 305, 315.
NEW RIVER, Va., 86.
NEW YORK (city), 13, 60, 87, 129, 269.
NEW YORK STATE, 37, 49;
cheese dairymen of, 36, 47, 62, 68, 79, 102, 131, 140, 164;
Western, 163;
Eastern, 164, 165, 190, 286, 290.
NIAGARA, the falls of, 285.
NINEVEH, 266.
NITRATES. _See_ FERTILIZERS.
NITRATE OF SODA, 122.
NORTHERN STATES, 48, 139, 140, 192, 297.
OATS, 67, 92, 94, 113, 118, 121, 143, 189, 191, 210, 238, 245, 264,
265.
OHIO, State of, 37, 163, 220;
valley of the river, 38;
the river, 53, 159.
OLD STATES, the, 73, 249, 306.
ONIONS, 191.
ONTARIO, Lake, 156.
PACIFIC STATES, 178.
PACIFIC, the coast, 156;
valley, a broad, 101.
PACKER, Gov. William F., of Penn., 130.
PARIS, 103.
PASTURES--Pasturing will soon disappear in the Eastern and Middle
States, 19;
its pernicious effects, 19;
soiling is preferable to pasturing, 20;
a pasture should be the first field selected on a new farm, 40;
where it should be placed, 41;
misconceptions respecting indiscriminate pasturing, 41;
treatment of a pasture, 42-3;
should have a shed, 43;
appearance of pastures where there is bad farming, 152;
summing up of the author's views on pasturing, 313-4.
_See also_ HAY.
PEACH-TREES. _See_ FRUITS,
_also_ 129, 140, 161.
PEARS. _See_ FRUITS,
_also_ 129, 139, 156, 204.
PEAS, 89, 90, 271, 296.
PENNSYLVANIA, 23;
Eastern, 165, 172, 288.
PEMIGEWASSET, the river, 75.
PHILADELPHIA, 156, 159.
PHOSPHATES. _See_ COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS,
_also_ 119, 121, 122, 192.
PHOSPHORUS, 118, 119, 235.
PIPPINS, 53.
PITCH-PINE, 314.
PILGRIMS, the descendants of the, 289.
PINE, 58, 223.
PINE BARRENS, 166.
PLAGUE, the, 268.
PLAINS, the, 46, 101, 261;
irrigation of, 275-9, 316.
PLASTER (Gypsum). _See_ COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS,
_also_ 80, 173, 211, 232, 233.
PLATTE, the river, 82, 260, 261, 262;
valley of the, 274.
PLOWS, steel, 87.