negroes than sanitation and health, which were exemplified by more
than 10,000 negro homes. In 2,361 homes the doors and windows were
screened and in 3,781 homes other methods of insect control and
extermination were followed. In most Southern States, negro agents
have definite plans with blue prints for the construction of sanitary
closets. These plans were followed in 1,890 homes. A total of 9,734
women and 10,351 girls were enrolled in home-health and sanitation
demonstrations. The agents gave more than 5,000 demonstrations by
way of instruction along this line. The club members and the home
demonstrators took much interest in home nursing, first aid, care of
teeth, care of skin, good posture, prevention of colds, and similar
health activities which the agents were emphasizing.
The statistics on house furnishings by negro women and girls compare
favorably with their activities along other lines. (Fig. 12.) During
1924, 7,688 women and 8,656 girls were enrolled to make or buy and
install certain house furnishings suggested by the agents. More than
3,000 individuals conducted demonstrations in treating woodwork,
walls, and floors. As a result of demonstrations carried on in house
furnishings, 4,938 improvements were made in bedrooms, 1,744 in
living rooms, 2,190 in dining rooms, and 1,717 in other rooms of the
house.
During the year 4,962 demonstrations in home management were
conducted by women and girls, most of them pertaining to the kitchen
and its equipment. Negro women and girls in their demonstration
activities rearranged 2,226 kitchens according to plans outlined by
negro extension agents, installed 326 fireless cookers, 312 kitchen
sinks, 1,198 kitchen cabinets, and thousands of other articles of
equipment and convenience in the kitchen. In equipping the home
laundry 277 hand washing machines and 26 power washing machines were
obtained. The women and girls also bought 623 electric and gasoline
irons and 70 power vacuum cleaners. The record shows that 4,008 club
members and demonstrators followed improved laundry practices for the
first time.
AGENTS’ ACTIVITIES
In the conduct of demonstration work with negroes the agents made
visits to 28,410 farms and 26,515 homes. It required 86,824 farm
visits and 49,334 home visits to get the results heretofore reported.
It therefore seems that each demonstration farm required an average
of three visits and each demonstration home an average of about
two visits. If the demonstrations are large and successful enough,
the agents will be justified in increasing their visits and also
in further magnifying them with field meetings and tours where the
demonstrations will be greatly emphasized and the good influences
extended.
[Illustration:
FIG. 12.—Negro home demonstration agent demonstrating the making
of rugs for the home. During 1924, 7,688 women and 8,656 girls
were enrolled to make or buy and install certain house furnishings
suggested by the agents.]
It may be noted further that the agents spent 37,418 days in the
field and 15,435 days in the office. The negro agents reported 46,100
method and result demonstration meetings with a total attendance
of 820,366. This was in addition to 1,863 special meetings for
demonstrators and leaders, 358 short courses, and 107 camps for
special training. Altogether, more than a million people attended
the special and regular meetings for the promotion of extension work
among negroes. To these impressive totals the number of fairs and
exhibits should be added. Negroes made exhibits at 815 different
community, county, and State fairs, which were seen and studied by
thousands of people. Lantern slides and motion pictures were shown at
more than 500 meetings.
OUTLOOK
The extension work for negroes and by negroes has been built up
practically in the last 10 years. It is a wonderful development in
such a short time. It took about the same length of time to build a
similar organization for white people. When it is remembered that
negro work has been established in a period of transition, turmoil,
and readjustment, the significance is all the more remarkable. It is
a fine tribute to the good work of the negro agents that, when the
period of retrenchment came soon after the World War, their force
and their appropriations were the only ones which were not reduced.
With this solid foundation, with this inspiring record, and with this
successful history the near future holds out much hope for even more
rapid development. There is no field of education in this country now
where greater good can be accomplished by earnest, devoted agents
working along the right lines.
STATISTICS
TABLE 3.—_Number of negro agents and cost of negro extension work
for the fiscal years ended on June 30 each year from 1915 to 1924,
inclusive_
———————————————+————————————————+————————————————+————————————————
| 1915 | 1916 | 1917
State and sex +——————+—————————+——————+—————————+——————+—————————
of agent |Number|Estimated|Number|Estimated|Number|Estimated
| of | cost | of | cost | of | cost
|agents| |agents| |agents|
———————————————+————————————————+————————————————+————————————————
Alabama: | | | | | |
Men | 7 | $6,407 | 7 | $6,099 | 9 | $8,688
Women | | | | | 1 | 1,032
| | | | | |
Arkansas: | | | | | |
Men | 2 | 1,380 | 4 | 2,637 | 6 | 3,017
Women | | | 1 | 314 | 1 | 1,050
| | | | | |
Florida: | | | | | |
Men | 1 | 590 | 2 | 1,632 | 8 | 3,660
Women | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Georgia: | | | | | |
Men | 2 | 1,245 | 2 | 1,847 | 3 | 3,280
Women | | | | | 1 | 480
| | | | | |
Kentucky: | | | | | |
Men | | | | | 1 | 165
Women | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Louisiana: | | | | | |
Men | 1 | 625 | 6 | 1,953 | 7 | 4,622
Women | | | 2 | 442 | 2 | 1,380
| | | | | |
Maryland: | | | | | |
Men | | | | | 1 | 333
Women | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Mississippi: | | | | | |
Men | 4 | 2,175 | 5 | 3,550 | 8 | 4,608
Women | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Missouri: | | | | | |
Men | | | | | |
Women | | | | | |
| | | | | |
North Carolina:| | | | | |
Men | 8 | 3,960 | 5 | 4,841 | 5 | 5,170
Women | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Oklahoma: | | | | | |
Men | 1 | 895 | 1 | 1,001 | |
Women | 1 | 884 | 1 | 900 | 1 | 879
| | | | | |
South Carolina:| | | | | |
Men | 7 | 2,721 | 5 | 2,210 | 5 | 1,943
Women | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Tennessee: | | | | | |
Men | | | | | |
Women | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Texas: | | | | | |
Men | | | | | |
Women | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Virginia: | | | | | |
Men | 16 | 8,638 | 15 | 11,120 | 19 | 12,680
Women | 16 | 2,069 | 1 | 1,310 | 3 | 2,447
| | | | | |
West Virginia: | | | | | |
Men | | | | | |
Women | | | | | |
+——————+—————————+——————+—————————+——————+—————————
Total: | | | | | |
Men | 49 | 28,636 | 52 | 36,890 | 72 | 48,166
Women | 17 | 2,953 | 5 | 2,966 | 9 | 7,268
+——————+—————————+——————+—————————+——————+—————————
Grand total | 66 | 31,589 | 57 | 39,856 | 81 | 55,434
———————————————+————————————————+————————————————+————————————————
———————————————+——————————————+——————————————+——————————————+——————————————
| 1918 | 1919 | 1920 | 1921
State and sex +——————+———————+——————+———————+——————+———————+——————+———————
of agent |Number| Est. |Number| Est. |Number| Est. |Number| Est.
| of | cost | of | cost | of | cost | of | cost
|agents| |agents| |agents| |agents|
———————————————+——————————————+——————————————+——————————————+——————————————
Alabama: | | | | | | | |
Men | 22 |$14,939| 30 |$24,275| 24 |$28,176| 24 |$31,562
Women | 12 | 5,976| 11 | 8,590| 9 | 5,871| 9 | 10,588
| | | | | | | |
Arkansas: | | | | | | | |
Men | 12 | 5,273| 11 | 13,423| 10 | 13,951| 10 | 19,242
Women | 28 | 6,371| 21 | 5,921| 13 | 10,351| 9 | 14,679
| | | | | | | |
Florida: | | | | | | | |
Men | 14 | 5,681| 13 | 7,312| 8 | 5,991| 9 | 6,840
Women | 18 | 2,492| 18 | 4,943| 8 | 3,227| 10 | 4,925
| | | | | | | |
Georgia: | | | | | | | |
Men | 5 | 6,805| 14 | 11,249| 13 | 16,212| 12 | 15,613
Women | 32 | 6,090| 29 | 5,304| 2 | 1,802| 11 | 6,730
| | | | | | | |
Kentucky: | | | | | | | |
Men | 4 | 2,723| 4 | 4,872| 4 | 4,320| 6 | 10,118
Women | 4 | 1,515| 3 | 1,870| | | |
| | | | | | | |
Louisiana: | | | | | | | |
Men | 12 | 8,148| 17 | 12,728| 12 | 14,420| 11 | 15,894
Women | 5 | 3,174| 8 | 5,923| 2 | 2,027| 3 | 3,562
| | | | | | | |
Maryland: | | | | | | | |
Men | 3 | 3,110| 3 | 4,960| 2 | 3,792| 2 | 3,975
Women | 5 | 3,445| 5 | 4,242| 1 | 1,553| 1 | 1,160
| | | | | | | |
Mississippi: | | | | | | | |
Men | 13 | 7,464| 17 | 16,626| 12 | 15,052| 10 | 15,760
Women | 6 | 2,614| 27 | 5,769| 10 | 6,314| 10 | 12,527
| | | | | | | |
Missouri: | | | | | | | |
Men | | | | | | | |
Women | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
North Carolina:| | | | | | | |
Men | 17 | 11,696| 18 | 17,237| 16 | 18,510| 15 | 20,988
Women | 18 | 2,062| 43 | 6,723| | | |
| | | | | | | |
Oklahoma: | | | | | | | |
Men | 6 | 3,618| 9 | 9,798| 9 | 17,701| 10 | 19,612
Women | 4 | 4,870| 5 | 4,664| 4 | 6,317| 4 | 6,545
| | | | | | | |
South Carolina:| | | | | | | |
Men | 10 | 2,220| 11 | 6,430| 7 | 6,160| 6 | 6,042
Women | | | 4 | 1,063| 1 | 900| 10 | 1,788
| | | | | | | |
Tennessee: | | | | | | | |
Men | 8 | 4,076| 8 | 7,134| 6 | 7,023| 5 | 7,860
Women | 3 | 1,562| 23 | 8,115| 4 | 3,223| 4 | 6,651
| | | | | | | |
Texas: | | | | | | | |
Men | 7 | 5,233| 8 | 8,094| 12 | 12,046| 13 | 22,524
Women | 12 | 1,517| 15 | 4,429| 11 | 5,393| 9 | 8,810
| | | | | | | |
Virginia: | | | | | | | |
Men | 23 | 16,065| 26 | 22,850| 23 | 21,148| 23 | 23,863
Women | 56 | 10,525| 56 | 12,798| 10 | 2,252| 6 | 3,340
| | | | | | | |
West Virginia: | | | | | | | |
Men | | | 2 | 167| 1 | 250| 1 | 1,600
Women | | | | | 1 | 740| |
+——————+———————+——————+———————+——————+———————+——————+———————
Total: | | | | | | | |
Men | 156 | 97,051| 191 |167,155| 159 |184,752| 157 |221,493
Women | 203 | 52,213| 268 | 80,354| 76 | 49,970| 86 | 81,305
+——————+———————+——————+———————+——————+———————+——————+———————
Grand total | 359 |149,264| 459 |247,509| 235 |234,722| 243 |302,798
———————————————+——————————————+——————————————+——————————————+——————————————
———————————————+————————————————+————————————————+————————————————
| 1922 | 1923 | 1924
State and sex +——————+—————————+——————+—————————+——————+—————————
of agent |Number|Estimated|Number|Estimated|Number|Estimated
| of | cost | of | cost | of | cost
|agents| |agents| |agents|
———————————————+——————+—————————+——————+—————————+——————+—————————
Alabama: | | | | | |
Men | 24 | $39,066 | 23 | $44,765 | 25 | $38,576
Women | 9 | 11,351 | 9 | 12,694 | 9 | 11,481
| | | | | |
Arkansas: | | | | | |
Men | 9 | 19,489 | 10 | 15,429 | 10 | 13,783
Women | 10 | 17,320 | 12 | 15,376 | 11 | 17,841
| | | | | |
Florida: | | | | | |
Men | 9 | 7,222 | 8 | 8,400 | 8 | 9,063
Women | 9 | 6,628 | 7 | 6,830 | 8 | 7,810
| | | | | |
Georgia: | | | | | |
Men | 15 | 18,302 | 12 | 17,978 | 13 | 19,703
Women | 17 | 13,302 | 17 | 14,593 | 13 | 10,749
| | | | | |
Kentucky: | | | | | |
Men | 5 | 7,289 | 5 | 6,744 | 5 | 6,826
Women | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Louisiana: | | | | | |
Men | 9 | 13,391 | 9 | 11,380 | 10 | 13,981
Women | 6 | 6,101 | 5 | 6,513 | 6 | 6,414
| | | | | |
Maryland: | | | | | |
Men | 2 | 4,040 | 2 | 4,140 | 2 | 4,140
Women | 1 | 1,548 | 1 | 1,650 | 1 | 1,775
| | | | | |
Mississippi: | | | | | |
Men | 14 | 20,275 | 17 | 28,240 | 19 | 28,292
Women | 14 | 15,906 | 17 | 21,186 | 17 | 20,584
| | | | | |
Missouri: | | | | | |
Men | 2 | 3,800 | 2 | 4,000 | 2 | 4,239
Women | 1 | 2,000 | 1 | 2,000 | 1 | 2,200
| | | | | |
North Carolina:| | | | | |
Men | 15 | 22,477 | 20 | 25,286 | 20 | 24,418
Women | 5 | 13,481 | 6 | 9,408 | 6 | 11,413
| | | | | |
Oklahoma: | | | | | |
Men | 10 | 21,070 | 11 | 21,263 | 10 | 24,188
Women | 4 | 6,982 | 4 | 6,794 | 4 | 5,728
| | | | | |
South Carolina:| | | | | |
Men | 7 | 10,372 | 9 | 12,077 | 10 | 14,318
Women | 13 | 2,925 | 14 | 3,624 | 6 | 7,283
| | | | | |
Tennessee: | | | | | |
Men | 5 | 8,096 | 5 | 8,099 | 6 | 8,735
Women | 4 | 6,285 | 5 | 6,137 | 5 | 7,936
| | | | | |
Texas: | | | | | |
Men | 16 | 24,528 | 23 | 30,145 | 23 | 38,492
Women | 11 | 11,917 | 12 | 15,381 | 13 | 16,932
| | | | | |
Virginia: | | | | | |
Men | 27 | 30,849 | 26 | 34,130 | 26 | 34,458
Women | 8 | 7,318 | 8 | 10,297 | 8 | 10,329
| | | | | |
West Virginia: | | | | | |
Men | 5 | 4,582 | 4 | 4,281 | 3 | 4,579
Women | 1 | 1,800 | | | |
+——————+—————————+——————+—————————+——————+—————————
Total: | | | | | |
Men | 174 | 254,848 | 186 | 276,357 | 191 | 287,791
Women | 113 | 124,864 | 118 | 132,483 | 108 | 138,475
+——————+—————————+——————+—————————+——————+—————————
Grand total | 287 | 379,712 | 304 | 408,840 | 299 | 426,266
———————————————+——————+—————————+——————+—————————+——————+—————————
ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
September 13, 1926
_Secretary of Agriculture_ W. M. JARDINE.
_Assistant Secretary_ R. W. DUNLAP.
_Director of Scientific Work_ A. F. WOODS.
_Director of Regulatory Work_ WALTER G. CAMPBELL.
_Director of Extension Work_ C. W. WARBURTON.
_Director of Information_ NELSON ANTRIM CRAWFORD.
_Director of Personnel and Business
Administration_ W. W. STOCKBERGER.
_Solicitor_ R. W. WILLIAMS.
_Weather Bureau_ CHARLES F. MARVIN, _Chief_.
_Bureau of Agricultural Economics_ LLOYD S. TENNY, _Acting Chief_.
_Bureau of Animal Industry_ JOHN R. MOHLER, _Chief_.
_Bureau of Plant Industry_ WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, _Chief_.
_Forest Service_ W. B. GREELEY, _Chief_.
_Bureau of Chemistry_ C. A. BROWNE, _Chief_.
_Bureau of Soils_ MILTON WHITNEY, _Chief_.
_Bureau of Entomology_ L. O. HOWARD, _Chief_.
_Bureau of Biological Survey_ E. W. NELSON, _Chief_.
_Bureau of Public Roads_ THOMAS H. MACDONALD, _Chief_.
_Bureau of Home Economics_ LOUISE STANLEY, _Chief_.
_Bureau of Dairy Industry_ C. W. LARSON, _Chief_.
_Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory_ F. G. COTTRELL, _Director_.
_Office of Experiment Stations_ E. W. ALLEN, _Chief_.
_Office of Cooperative Extension Work_ C. B. SMITH, _Chief_.
_Library_ CLARIBEL R. BARNETT, _Librarian_.
_Federal Horticultural Board_ C. L. MARLATT, _Chairman_.
_Insecticide and Fungicide Board_ J. K. HAYWOOD, _Chairman_.
_Packers and Stockyards Administration_ JOHN T. CAINE III, _in Charge_.
_Grain Futures Administration_ J. W. T. DUVEL, _in Charge_.
This circular is a contribution from
_Extension Service_ C. W. WARBURTON, _Director_.
_Office of Cooperative Extension Work_ C. B. SMITH, _Chief_.
ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
10 cents per copy
[Illustration: triangle]
Transcriber’s Notes
pg 1 Changed: success in influencing the connstruction
to: success in influencing the construction
pg 11 Changed: good object lessons in crop productoin
to: good object lessons in crop production
pg 20 Changed: good house which I rent,
to: good house which I rent out,
pg 23 Changed: completed 971 with marked sucess.
to: completed 971 with marked success.
pg 25 Changed: kitchen cabinets, and thouands of other articles
to: kitchen cabinets, and thousands of other articles