B.C. 28, and the Flaminian road with all but two of its bridges in B.C.
27.
[220] The foundations of the triple arch at Rome were discovered in
1888 between the temple of Cæsar and that of the Castores. For the
inscription see C. I. L. vii. 872. _SENATUS . POPULUSQUE . ROMANUS . IMP
. CÆSARI . DIVI . IULI . F . COS . QUINCT . COS . DESIG . SEXT . IMP .
SEPT . REPUBLICA . CONSERVATA._ The date here indicated is B.C. 29. See
Lanciani, _Ruins of Ancient Rome_, p. 270. Middleton, _Remains of Ancient
Rome_, vol. i. p. 284. There does not appear to be any record of the arch
at Brundisium.
[221] Vergil, _Georg._ iv. 560, _Cæsar dum magnus ad altum fulminat
Euphratem bello._ Horace, _Od._ 1, 12, 53:
_Ille seu Parthos Latio imminentes_
_Egerit iusto domitos triumpho,_
_Sive subjectos Orientis oræ Seras et Indos._
Similar exaggerations will be found scattered throughout the poems of
Propertius (ii. 7, 3; iii. 1, 13; iii. 23, 5; iv. 3, 4; iv. 4, 48; iv.
11, 3). Still more exaggerated language was used afterwards on the
restoration of the standards (B.C. 20).
[222] A good deal of confusion in our authorities has arisen by a
failure to distinguish between a _censoria potestas_ granted like the
_tribunicia_ by special vote and the _censoria potestas_ inherent in
the consulship, from which it had been devolved in B.C. 444. In the
_Monumentum_, ch. 8, Augustus himself says nothing about the _censoria
potestas_, but in the Venusian fasti (C. I. L. ix. 422) we find _imp.
Cæsar vi. M. Agrippa II. Cos. idem censoria potestate lustrum fecerunt_.
Suetonius (c. 27) knew that he was not Censor, but supposed him to have
acted under a decree granting him _morum legumque regimen perpetuum_, an
office, however, which Augustus expressly says that he declined (_Mon._,
ch. 6). Dio (52, 42) describes him as τιμητεύσας σὺν τῷ Ἀγρίππᾳ, a direct
confusion between the censorial power possessed by a Consul and that
bestowed independently. He, however, apparently did receive _censoria
potestas_ (never the censorship) in B.C. 19 for five years.
[223] _Rex sacrorum_, the greater _flamens_, the Salii had still to be
patricians. An _interrex_ also must be a patrician, but that office was
now practically at an end. The last case of an _interrex_ was in B.C. 52.
[224] A jest that was reproduced in London when country peers came up to
vote against the Home Rule Bill and were said by gossips to be obliged to
ask their way to the House of Lords. A popular ballad also was sung about
the streets—
“Cæsar leads the Gauls in triumph and guides them to the Senate house;
Gauls have doffed their native brogues and donned the Senate’s
laticlave!”
Sueton., _Cæs._ 72, 80. See also Cicero, 9 _Phil._ § 12; 13 _Phil._ §
27; _ad Fam._ vi. 18; _Bell. Afr._ 28; Dio, 42, 51; 43, 27. Compare the
career of P. Ventidius Bassus, brought a prisoner from Asculum to adorn
the triumph of Pompey after the Social war, then a mule contractor to
Cæsar, and afterwards going through all the offices to the consulship in
B.C. 43.
[225] On the analogy of slaves enfranchised by will. Suet., _Aug._ 35;
Plutarch, _Ant._ 15.
[226] Cicero calls such a man a _voluntarius Senator_, 13 _Phil._ § 28.
[227] Dio, 48, 34.
[228] Suet., _Aug._ 35; Dio, 52, 42. In the _Monumentum_ (c. 25) he
reckons the number of Senators who had served under him as “more than
700.” To them must be added those who had not taken active service and
those who were with Antony.
[229] Dio, 52, 42. The regulation had always existed because every
Senator was bound to attend if called upon, and therefore must be within
reach, unless he was one of those _qui reipublicæ causa abessent_. (Livy,
43, 11.) Thus Cicero, defending the Senators who crossed over to join
Pompey in Epirus, says to Atticus (viii. 15) that there was hardly one
who had not a legal right to cross, either as having imperium, or being
legatus to an imperator. The usual means of evading this was to obtain
a _libera legatio_ for a fixed time. Occasionally a man got himself
named an ordinary legatus to a provincial governor, but was allowed to
go elsewhere with some colourable commission. But this was an abuse. See
Cicero, _ad Fam._ xii. 21; _ad Q. Frat._ ii. 9; _ad Att._ xv. 11. Sicily
and Gallia Narbonensis were excepted as being practically Italy, or, as
Cicero says, “suburban provinces.”
[230] Sueton., _Aug._ 36; Dio, 3, 19; Tacitus, _Ann._ 5, 4.
[231] ὅρον τὴν ἕκτην ὑπάτειαν αὑτοῦ προσθείς. Dio, 53, 2. See Tacitus,
_Ann._ iii. 28.
[232] The doubt was an old one. Appian in one place affirms and in
another denies that there was a _lex_ for the second period of the
triumvirs (_Illyr._ 28; b. c. v. 95). No other authority mentions one,
and it certainly was not passed in the early months of B.C. 37, that is,
till after the triumvirs had already continued their office without legal
confirmation for some time. Willems (_le Sénat_, ii. 761) holds that
there was a plebiscitum; Mommsen that there was not.
[233] _Mon. Ancyr._ ch. 34.
[234] In B.C. 28 he took care to transfer the consular fasces to his
colleague Agrippa in alternative months, and when with soldiers to give
the watchword jointly with him. (Dio, 53, 1.)
[235] I do not myself see any good reason to doubt that Dio has given at
any rate the substance of these documents. It is not perhaps natural to
us to suppose two men like Mæcenas and Agrippa solemnly reading speeches
to the Emperor; but it was no unusual thing at Rome. Augustus himself is
said to have done it, even to his wife, Livia, and frequently with others
(Sueton., _Aug._ 84). Tacitus says it was the fashion of the time (_Ann._
4, 37), as it seems to have been still earlier, for Cicero complains that
his nephew, Quintus, had written an elaborate diatribe against him which
he meant to deliver to Iulius Cæsar in Alexandria. (_Ad Att._ xi. 10.)
For similar documents see Dio, 52, 1-40; 53, 3; 55, 15-21.
[236] Dio, 52, 15.
[237] The IMPERIAL provinces were: Hispania Tarraconensis, and Lusitania,
the Galliæ (beyond the Alps), including the districts afterwards called
Germania, superior and inferior, Cœle-Syria, Phœnicia, Cilicia, Cyprus,
Ægypt.
The SENATORIAL were: Sicilia, Hispania Bætica, Sardinia, Africa, Numidia,
Dalmatia, Greece and Epirus, Macedonia, Asia, Crete and Cyrene, Bithynia
and Pontus.
Cisalpine Gaul ceased to be a province, and was included in Italy.
Subsequent changes were:
B.C. 24. Cyprus and Gallia Narbonensis were transferred to the
Senate.
B.C. 21. Dalmatia was transferred to the Emperor.
B.C. 6. Sardinia was transferred to the Emperor for nine years.
The provinces added during the lifetime of Augustus: Galatia, Lycaonia,
Mœsia, and the minor Alpine provinces were imperial.
All provinces added afterwards were imperial.
[238] Ovid (F. 1, 587-616) says the Ides of January; the Calendarium
Prænestinum gives the 16th. Possibly the one is the date of the SCtum,
the other of the plebiscitum.
[239] Augustus himself uses it in the _Monumentum_ (chs. 30, 32), “me
principe,” “ante me principem.” Horace (_Od._ 1, 21, 13; 2, 30; _Ep._ 2,
1, 256), Propertius (v. 6, 46), both employ it when speaking of Augustus.
It occurs in inscriptions referring to Tiberius, and is the common term
used by Tacitus. If, therefore, it was not formally bestowed (as seems
probable), it soon grew into use as a title in ordinary language. Nor
was it altogether a new idea; Cicero had used it as a possible title of
honour, with which Pompey or Cæsar, had they been moderate, might have
been content. (Cic., _ad Fam._ vi. 6). Again, though it is not a mere
extension of _princeps senatus_, yet it is clearly connected with it.
As the Senatus is the first _ordo_ in the state, the _princeps senatus_
is also _princeps civitatis_. The two titles were soon confounded. Thus
Pliny (_N.H._ xxxvi. § 116) speaks of M. Æmilius Scaurus as _totius
princeps civitatis_, when he means that he had been several times entered
by the Censors on the roll as _princeps senatus_. But a new connotation
became attached to the word from the political powers of the _princeps_.
[240] Horace, _Epode_, vii. 7; _Odes_, i. 21, 15; iii. 5, 2; Propert.,
iii. 23, 5.
[241] Vergil, _Georg._ iii. 25; Horace, _Odes_ iii. 4, 33.
[242] Strabo, ii. 5, 8; iv. 6, 4.
[243] Strabo, _l. c._ In the _Monument_. (ch. 32) Augustus records the
visit of two British princes, Dumnobellaunus and another, of whose name
only the letters _Tinn_ remain (perhaps “Tincommius,” a king of what is
now Sussex).
[244] The triumph of M. Crassus is dated by the Tab. Triumph. C. I. L. 1,
416; but the defeat of the “Dacian Cotiso” is classed with the Cantabrian
war by Horace (_Od._ 3, 8, 18-24), and Livy, _Ep._ 135, mentions a second
war of M. Crassus “against the Thracians,” as contemporary with the
Spanish war.
[245] The Salassi, who had for the last 100 years given much trouble, had
twice in recent years been in arms: in B.C. 35 they defeated C. Antistius
Vetus, and, in B.C. 34, had, with great difficulty, been partly subdued
by Valerius Messalla. Their command of the principal Alpine pass made it
important that they should be kept in check.
[246] Hor., _Od._ 2, 6, 2, _Cantabrum indoctum iuga ferre nostra_.
[247] _Odes_ iii. 8, 21, _servit Hispanæ vetus hostis oræ Cantaber sera
domitus catena_; iii. 14, 3, _Cæsar Hispana repetit Penates Victor ab
ora_.
[248] Perhaps that of which remains exist at Aosta, and cannot now be
dated. That at Turbia was built B.C. 6 (Pliny, _N. H._ 3 § 136). That
at Susa in B.C. 8 [C. I. L. v. 7,231]. Horace may refer to it among the
_Nova Augusti tropæa_ (_Od._ 2, 9, 19).
[249] Horace, _Odes_ i. 29, 1; ii. 12, 24; iii. 24, 1; i. 35, 32-40.
[250] Propert., 3, 1, 11.
[251] Middleton (_Remains of Ancient Rome_, vol. ii. pp. 126-128) seems
to have given good reasons against its connection with the Thermæ of
Agrippa. Lanciani (_Ruins and Excavations_, pp. 476-488) asserts that the
structure as it now stands is of the age of Hadrian (about A.D. 129),
and doubts Agrippa’s original building being of the same shape. Even
the portico with its inscription—M. AGRIPPA L. F. COS. TERT. FECIT—he
thinks was taken to pieces and put up again by Hadrian. The history of
the building, however, cannot be regarded as thoroughly ascertained.
Agrippa’s third consulship was in B.C. 27, whereas Dio places the
completion of the Pantheon under B.C. 25 (53, 27). It may well have been
that the external building was finished and dedicated in B.C. 27, and
that the inside occupied two more years.
[252] A. Licinius Muræna was called A. Terentius Varro Muræna from
being adopted by Terentius Varro. See Dio, 54, 3; Suet., _Aug._ 19;
Hor., _Odes_ 2, 10; Velleius Paterc. 2, 91. Of Fannius Cæpio nothing
practically is known, he was prosecuted by Tiberius for _maiestas_ and
condemned.
[253] In the _cenotaphia Pisana_ Gaius is described after his death as
“iam _designatum_ iustissimum ac simillimum parentis sui virtutibus
_principem_.” But this is probably not an official title.
[254] There seems little doubt that the character of Agrippa Postumus
gave some ground for this measure; but Augustus seems to have regretted
and at times to have contemplated recalling him. His murder immediately
after the death of Augustus is called by Tacitus “the first crime of the
new reign.” Whether Tiberius or Livia was responsible for it cannot be
discussed here.
[255] So Dio (55, 5) says. Suetonius (_Tib._ 16) says five years. There
may have been a renewal after five years.
[256] _Monum. Ancyr._ 27; C.I.L. vi. 701.
[257] This is what Augustus means by saying “that he extended the
frontiers of all the provinces bordering on tribes that had not
submitted” (_Mon. Anc._ 26).
[258] The exact position of Nabata is uncertain. It is described in the
_Mon. Ancyr._ 26 as “close to Meroe.” Augustus takes the responsibility
of both these campaigns as being _meo iussu et auspicio_.
[259] As, for instance, Agrippa. Hor., _Ep._ 1, 12, 1. The seven colonies
mentioned are Syracuse, Tauromenium, Catana, Thermæ, Tyndaris, Lilybæum,
Panormus.
[260] Dio, 54, 8; Horace, _Od._ 3, 5; this ode was written several years
before the restoration of the standards, but the fact of the _milites
Crassi_ having settled in Parthia was naturally known.
[261] Verg., _Æn._ vii. 604-606.
[262] Horace, _Ep._ i. 18, 56; _Odes_ iv. 15, 6.
[263] Propert., 3, 10, 13; 4; 4, 16; 4, 5, 48; 4, 12, 3; 5, 6, 79.
[264] Ovid, _F._ v. 567-594. According to Mommsen there were two temples
of Mars Ultor, one on the Capitol (Dio, 54, 8), the other in the Forum
Augustum, vowed at Philippi, but not dedicated till B.C. 2. The _signa_
seem to have been deposited first in the former and then transferred to
the latter. Ovid evidently speaks of them as in the temple in the Forum
Augustum.
[265] Such as the Brenni and Genauni of Hor., _Od._ iv. 14, 10; cp. iv.
4, 18.
[266] _Mon. Ancyr._, 13; Horace, _Epist._ 2, 1, 255; _Odes_, 4, 15, 9;
Dio, 54, 25. For the inscription, see Clinton, _Fast. Hell._, B.C. 14.
The tenth tribunician year is from June 27th, B.C. 14, to 26th June, B.C.
13. The _ara pacis_ was founded in this year (4th July), dedicated 30th
January, B.C. 9.
[267] But he does not seem to have had any fighting this year, and in
fact the Senate voted to close the Ianus Quirinus, though that was
prevented by an inroad of the Daci into Pannonia, with which Tiberius was
sent to deal. Dio, 54, 36.
[268] Especially in camps, in which there seem to have been a regular
service of _tabellarii castrenses_. (Wilmann’s _Exempla_ 1357.)
[269] The armed provinces were those on the frontier. Towards the end
of the life of Augustus, the preponderance of the military force on
the Rhine and Danube is the noteworthy fact. The Gauls and “Germany”
had eight legions, Spain three, Africa two, Egypt two, Syria four,
Pannonia two, Mœsia two, Dalmatia two. But those on the Rhine were more
concentrated. (Tac., _Ann._ 4, 5.)
[270] C.I.L. x. 8375; _Mon. Ancyr._ 11.
[271] Suet., _Aug._ 98: “As he chanced to be cruising in his yacht round
the bay of Puteoli, the passengers and crew of an Alexandrine ship, which
had just come to land, came with white robes, with garlands on their
heads and burning censers in their hands, loudly blessing and praising
him, and saying that they owed it to him that they were alive, that they
sailed the sea, that they were enjoying their liberty and property.”
[272] Horace, _Odes_ iv. 5.
[273] See, among others, _Ep._ ii. 1-16; _Odes_ 3, 5, 2; 4, 5, 32.
[274] Suet., _Aug._ 52; Dio, 51, 20.
[275] The Latin inscriptions bearing on this point have been collected in
a convenient form by Mr. Rushforth, _Latin Historical Inscriptions_, pp.
51-61. Other places in Italy thus shewn to have adopted the cult in some
form or other during the lifetime of Augustus are Asisium, Beneventum,
Fanum Fortunæ, Pisa, Tibur, Verona, possibly Ancona, and Forum Clodii,
and some unnamed place in Latium.
[276] Plut., _Flamin._ 16; Cicero, _ad Q. Fr._ 1, 1, 9; _ad Att._ 5, 21;
Tac., _Ann._ 4, 56. Polyb. 31, 15.
[277] Appian, b. c. 5, 132, “and the cities began placing his image side
by side with those of their gods.”
[278] Information as to these is mostly to be found in Greek
inscriptions, C.I.G. 3,524, 3,604, 3,831, 4,039. See also Dio, 51, 10;
Strabo, 27, 1, 9; Joseph., _Antiq._ 15, 10, 3; Livy, _Ep._ 137; Pausan.,
iii. 25.
[279] Quintilian, vi. 377.
[280] For this and his statue in the temple of Quirinus, with legend of
_Deo invicto_, the vote of the Senate giving him a temple, flamen, and
other divine honours, see Dio, 43, 45; 44, 6; Cicero, _2 Phil._ § 110;
ad _Att._ 13, 44; Sueton., _Cæs._ 76. It was worse than the case of
Augustus, more insincere and less spontaneous. The Senate was filled with
the protégés of Iulius at the time.
[281] Macrob., _Sat._ 2, 4, 18; Plut., _Cic._ 49; Suet., _Aug._ 28.
[282] See Horace, _Odes_ iii. 4, 22: vester, Camenæ, vester in arduos
| tollor Sabinos, seu mihi frigidum | Præneste seu Tibur supinum | seu
liquidæ pacuere Baiæ.
[283] Apragopolis. In Suetonius (c. 97) it is doubtful whether he means
Capreæ or some other island. Perhaps it is _Nesis_, where M. Brutus had a
villa which might have come into his hands as confiscated property (Cic.,
_ad Att._ xvi. 1-4.)
[284] An echo of his master’s feelings on this point is as usual found in
Horace, _Od._ ii. 15.
[285] Another tragedy “Achilles” is mentioned by Suidas.
[286] Hor., _Od._ 3, 136. Suetonius (_Aug._ 85) mentions others, “An
answer to Brutus about Cato,” evidently a youthful essay; “Exhortations
to Philosophy,” no doubt youthful too; an hexameter poem called
_Sicilia_. When he tried to read them in later life to a family audience
they bored him so much that he handed the rolls over to Tiberius to
finish. Lastly, a short volume of Epigrams which he used to compose in
the bath.
[287] Hor., _Epist._ 2, 1.
[288] In B.C. 46, 42, 25, and 23. From that time, however, though
generally delicate he seems not to have had any serious attack.
[289] The _lex Iulia et Titia_, enabling the provincial governor to
assign guardians to such persons as were legally bound to have them, was
passed between the 1st of May and 1st of October, B.C. 31, the period
during which M. Titius was consul.
[290] Authorities will be found in Mommsen, _res gestæ_, p. 96.
[291] _Mon. Ancyr._, 25.
[292] C. I. L. xi. 365; _Mon. Ancyr._ 20. “In my seventh consulship I
remade the Flaminian road from the city to Ariminum, and all the bridges
except the Mulvian and Minucian.”
[293] See Suet., _Aug._ 46. The regions are described by Pliny alone,
_N.H._ iii. 46-128.
[294] The inscription on the road to Salonæ in Dalmatia is dated A.D.
19, but it must have been begun much earlier. For the other roads see
Willmanns 832, 829, 830, 832; Clinton’s _Fasti_, anno B.C. 14; _Journal
of Hellenic Studies_, xii. part i. p. 109 _sq._ C. I. L. iii. 6,974.
[295] Digest, 47, 11, 6. The penalties varied from a fine to exclusion
from the corn trade, _relegatio_, and condemnation to public works.
[296] Cicero, pro Sest. § 103; _ad Att._ vi. 6; Livy, vi. 12; Appian, b.
c. ii. 120; Dionys. H. xii. 24.
[297] Quoted by Sueton., _Aug._ 42.
[298] Dio, 53, 20, 33; Horace, _Odes_ 1, 2.
[299] The Sacred Colleges (1) were exempt from military service, imposts
and public services of all kinds; (2) had a charge on the _ager publicus_
for sacrifices, feasts, &c.; (3) in most cases had estates besides; (4)
received special grants from time to time for repairs of buildings.
[300] _Mon. Ancy._, 10; Livy, _Ep._ 117; Vell., ii. 63; App., b. c. v.
131; Dio, 44, 53. All these authorities speak of the irregularity of the
election of Lepidus.
[301] _Ephemeris Epigraphica_, viii. 2; Lindsay’s _Latin Inscriptions_,
p. 102.
[302] _Carmen Sæcul._ 13.
[303] Horace, _Odes_ iv. 5, 21; iv. 15, 9-12.
[304] We frequently hear in earlier times of the scandal caused by
certain people abandoning the heavy and not very comfortable toga for
lighter dress, Greek or Gallic. Those who care to trace the history of
such a matter will find references to it in Cicero, _pro Rab. Post._ §
27; 2 _Phil._ § 76; Livy, 29, 19; Tac., _Ann._ ii. 59; Hor., _Ep._ 1,
7, 65. And if it is desired to see how futile such orders are against a
prevailing fashion, the continued disuse of it may be traced in Juvenal
1, 119; 3, 172; Mart. 1, 49, 31; 12, 18, 17; Suet., _Aug._ 40; and as
late as Hadrian we find that the order needed renewal, Spart. _Had._ 22.
George III. insisting that Bishops should wear wigs is a case in point.
[305] Cicero (_in Pis._ § 67) speaks with scorn of the vulgar rich man
who had five, or sometimes more, guests on each couch.
[306] Though in making regulations on these subjects Augustus acted on
his censorial powers, when it came to enacting laws he would propose them
to the tribes in virtue of his tribunician powers.
[307] _De adulteriis coercendis; de pudicitia; de maritandis ordinibus._
[308] Dio, 56, 2-10; Suet., _Aug._ 34.
[309] Martial, _Epigr._, xi. 20.
[310] Pliny, _N. H._ 7 § 149; Dio, 54, 9.
[311] In A.D. 11 the people of Narbonne founded an altar to him in
gratitude for some reform in their constitution which he had either
granted or initiated. (Wilmanns, 194.)
[312] Asia and Sicily originally did not pay a _stipendium_, but tithes
on produce. This system was abolished by Iulius Cæsar.
[313] Suet., _August._ 76.
[314] Suet., _Tib._ 11.
[315] Dio, 56, 29. But there does not appear to have been one that year.
There was a partial eclipse of the moon on the 4th of April and a total
eclipse on the 27th of September.
[316] The Mausoleum was a huge mound of earth covered with shrubs, upon
a substructure or dome cased with white marble and surrounded by walks
and plantations, and surmounted by a bronze statue of Augustus. On
the still-existing foundation there is now what is called the _Teatro
Correa_. Besides this the spot on which his body was burnt was also
enclosed and planted. Strab., iv. 53. Middleton, _Remains of Ancient
Rome_, vol. ii. p. 288.
[317] It ought, however, to be said to his credit that he forbade the
exhibition of gladiators _sine missione_, _i.e._, without the right of
being allowed to depart safe from the arena when defeated if the people
so willed it.
[318] See note on p. 147.
[319] Horace, _Od._ iii. 8.
[320] Seneca, _Epp._ 114; _Digest._ 24, 1, 64.
[321] 2, 17, 13; 3, 1, 13; 3, 23, 5; 4, 3; 4, 4, 48; 4, 11, 3; 5, 6,
79-84.
[322] For purposes of comparison of these sums with our money, 1,000
sesterces may be taken as equivalent to about £8 10s., and a denarius as
about 10d.
[323] A pound of gold worth about £45.
[324] These names and some other words are obliterated in the
inscription, both Latin and Greek.
INDEX
A
Abydos, 80
Achæan League, the, 27
Achaia, 27, 28;
colonies in, 133
Acilius, M., 23
Actium, 86, 123-24, 290;
colony at, 175
_Ad capita bubula_, 1
_Ad gallinas_, 205
Ægina separated from Athens, 176
Ælius Gallus, 155, 174
Æmilius Lepidus, M., as prætor (B.C. 49) holds election for dictator,
8;
appointed to Hispania Citerior, 23;
visits Sextus Pompeius, 42;
in Transalpine Gaul, 59;
joins Antony, 64;
becomes one of the triumvirate, 70, 71;
announces the close of the proscriptions, 74;
suspected of intriguing with Sextus Pompeius, 82, 87;
his inferior position, 88;
in Africa, 99;
comes to Sicily, 104;
claims to govern Sicily, 105;
deposed from the triumvirate, 106;
his office of Pontifex Maximus, 107, 112, 160;
his death, 160;
see also 202, 221, 222
Æmilius Lepidus, M. (son of the triumvir), his conspiracy, 123;
his brother, 258
Æmilius Paullus Lepidus, L., (brother of the triumvir), proscribed, 72
_Ærarium_, the, 148, 249, 296
Æthiopia, 174, 299
Afranius, 23
Africa, province of, 24-26, 99;
see also 9, 11, 65, 71, 171;
colonies in, 133;
New Africa, 25, 113
Agrippa, _see_ “Vipsanius”
Agrippa, Postumus, 167, 168, 277
Agrippina, 167
Ahenobarbus, _see_ “Domitius”
Aix, 134
Alaudæ, the, 47
Alba Fucensis, 49, 51, 53
Albis (R. Elbe), 184, 186, 187
Alexandria, 11, 116, 117, 120, 121, 125, 127, 198
Allienus, Aul., 23, 31, 80
Alps, provinces of the, 17, 172
Amanus, Mount, 30
Amatius (the pseudo-Marius), 13
Amisia (R. Ems), 184
Amnesty to the Assassins, 38
Amphipolis, 83
Amyntas, king of Galatia, 30, 173;
and of Pisidia, 102, 108
Ancyra, 171;
temple of Augustus and Rome at, 176, 198, 261
_Annonæ præfectus_, 216, 217
Antiochus, king of Commagene, 116
Antistius Vetus, C., 31, 113, 154, 202
Antonius Musa (physician), 158, 161
Antonius, C. (brother of Marcus), defeated in Illyricum, 22;
in Macedonia, 27, 48, 49;
prætor (B.C. 44), 38, 40
Antonius, Julius (son of Marcus), 239
Antonius, L. (brother of Marcus), 26;
Trib. Pl. (B.C. 44), 38, 41;
triumphs as consul (B.C. 41), 89;
his quarrel with Augustus, 91, 93-5;
besieged in Perusia, 95-6
Antony (M. Antonius), depreciates Augustus, 3;
as Tribune (B.C. 50) vetoes the recall of Iulius Cæsar, 7;
Consul (B.C. 44), 18;
his speech at Cæsar’s funeral, 36;
opposes the claims of Octavian, 38-9;
takes the money in the temple of Ops, 39-40;
his use of Cæsar’s papers and his intrigues with the veterans, 42;
accuses Octavian of plotting his assassination, 44-5;
suppresses a mutiny at Brundisium, 48;
his speech at Tibur, 49;
goes to Ariminum, 50;
commissioners sent to, 54;
his letter to Hirtius and Octavian, 55;
his approval of the murder of Trebonius, 29;
his siege of Mutina, 56;
defeated at Forum Gallorum, 57-8;
his great march to Vada, 59;
declared a _hostis_, 59-60;
agrees with Lepidus and Octavian to form the triumvirate, 68-70;
his hold on Pompey’s property, 82;
his campaign at Philippi, 82-6;
goes to the East, 87;
his infatuation for Cleopatra, 91, 116, 117;
joins Sextus Pompeius in invading Italy, 98;
makes terms with Augustus and marries Octavia, 99, 100;
his legate puts Sextus Pompeius to death, 108;
his failures in the East, 116;
his final quarrel with Augustus, 118-21;
divorces Octavia, 120;
his defeat at Actium, 122-25;
his final struggle in Egypt, 126;
his death at Alexandria, 127;
estimate of, 130;
his letter to Augustus, 231
Antyllus (son of Antony), 127, 129
Apamea (in Syria), 30, 31
Apollo, temple and libraries of, 115, 156, 204, 205
Apollonia (in Epirus), 15, 34, 278;
(in Cyrene), 32;
(in Pisidia), 261
Apragopolis, 206
Aqua Marcia, 212, 297
Aquæ Statiellæ, 59
Aquileia, 234
Aquitania, 20
Arabia, deserts of, 17, 30;
expeditions into, 155, 156, 174
Archelaus, king of Cappadocia, 173
Argentoratum (Strassburg), 185
Ariminum, 7, 48, 71
Ariobarzanes, king of Cappadocia, 80
Armenia, 118, 177;
king of, 116, 125, 167
Arminius, chief of the Cherusci, 187, 188
Army, unity of the, 191
Arsinoe (in Cyrene), 32
Artagera, 167
Artavasdes, 173, 174
Artaxes, 173, 174, 177
Arvales, 220
Asia, province of, 9, 28, 88;
_Asia recepta_, 174
Asinius Gallus, 258, 263
Asinius Pollio, C., in Bætica, 23;
joins Antony, 59, 69;
superintends assignment of lands, 90, 283;
awaits Antony after Perusia, 97;
assists at the treaty of Brundisium, 99;
triumphs over the Parthini, 102
Asprenas, L., 188
Astura, 256
Astures in Spain, the, 153, 154, 179
At the Oxheads, 1
Athenodorus of Tarsus, 15, 231
Athens, 27, 101;
not favoured by Augustus, 175
Atia, mother of Augustus, 2, 3, 15, 36, 37;
death of, 78
Atius Balbus, M., 2
_Augurium salutis_, 142
Augusta Emerita, 154
Augustus (Gaius Iulius Cæsar Octavianus) birth of (B.C. 63), 1-2;
his cognomen of Thurinus, 3;
in the household of his stepfather, 3, 9;
takes the _toga virilis_ and made a pontifex, 10;
not adopted in Cæsar’s lifetime, 11;
shares Cæsar’s triumph, 12;
in charge of a theatre, 12;
goes to Spain, 12;
and to Carthage, 13;
appointed _magister equitum_ and made a patrician, 14;
at Apollonia, 15;
his resolve to avenge Cæsar, 16, 34;
returns from Apollonia, 35-7;
adopted by Cæsar’s will, 37;
pays Cæsar’s legacies and celebrates his games, 38, 40;
his dealings with the Ciceronians, 41;
his alleged plot against Antony, 44, 45;
enrols veterans, 46;
tampers with Antony’s legions, 48;
joined by the legio Martia and Quarta and granted prætorian rank,
50-52;
his campaign at Mutina, 56-9;
slighted by the Senate, 60;
refuses to pursue Antony, 61;
demands and obtains the consulate, 64-8;
enters the triumvirate and is betrothed to Clodia, 70-71;
his share of responsibility for the proscriptions, 76;
in the campaign of Philippi, 83-6;
his assignment of lands to veterans and troubles with L. Antonius
and Fulvia, 90-92;
his campaign of Perusia, 94-7;
marries Scribonia, 98;
his quarrels and reconciliations with Antony, 99-102;
his dangers in the Sicilian war, 102-9;
deposes Lepidus, 106-7;
honours voted to after the defeat of Sextus Pompeius, 111, 112;
his campaigns in Illyricum, 114;
his house on the Palatine, 115;
his letters to and from Antony, 120;
proclaims war as Fetial against Cleopatra, 121;
at the battle of Actium, 124;
winters at Samos and Athens (B.C. 31-30), 125, 126;
his interviews with Cleopatra, 128, 129;
honours voted to after Actium, 135;
his constitutional reforms, 137-47;
shares the provinces with the Senate, 147-48;
the title Augustus, 149, 301;
goes to Gaul (B.C. 27), 151-53;
and to Spain, 154;
his benefactions, 296;
his illness of B.C. 23 and recovery, 157, 158;
adopts Gaius and Lucius, 166;
his adoption of Tiberius, 168-69;
his maxim as to the extension of the Empire, 171, 261;
his settlement of the East, 172-79;
favours Sparta rather than Athens, 176;
in Gaul, 180-82;
activity after the fall of Varus, 188;
his military discipline, 192;
his absences from Italy, 194;
the worship of, 195-201;
his tolerant character, 201-4;
his health, 208-9;
his residences, 204-6;
his way of life, 206-11;
his reforms and legislation, 212-32;
his connection with the sacred colleges, 220;
his legislation on marriage and divorce, 226-32;
saluted as _pater patriæ_, 236-37;
financial measures, 250;
last journey and death, 255-58;
his funeral, 252-60;
will and other documents left by him, 260-62;
summary of his career, 265-72;
physical appearance and habits, 272-74;
buildings and other public works, 156, 297-98
Aurelius, 20
Aurelius Cotta, M., 24
Autocracy, advantages and disadvantages of, 269-71
Avernus, Lake, 103
B
Bætica, 23, 215
Balbus, _see_ “Cornelius”
_Basilica Iulia_, 156
Bassus, Q. Cæcilius, 18, 30, 31, 80
Bassus, Ventidius, 57, 59, 61, 70, 97, 116, 139 _n._
Belgæ, the, 21
Belgica, province of, 20, 180
Benacus Lacus, 181
Beneventum, 71, 256, 257
Berenice, 32
Bessi, the, 2, 17, 180
Beyroot (Berutum), 134
Bithynia and Pontus, province of, 28, 31, 80
Bœotia, 27
Bononia, 56, 57, 58
Brigandage, 113, 213
Britain, 151-52, 300
Brundisium, 8, 35, 48, 57, 82;
treaty of, 99-100;
mutiny of veterans at, 125
Brutus, _see_ “Iunius”
C
Cadiz, 12
Cæcilius Caldus, C., 29
Cælius Metellus, L., 47
Cæcilius Metellus, L., Tr. Pl. (B.C.), 8
Cæcilius Metellus Creticus, Q., 32
Cæcilius Metellus, Q., father-in-law of Pompey, 4, 30
Cæcina of Volaterræ, 47
Cæsar, Gaius, 166, 167;
death of, 240-42;
Cæsar, Lucius, 166, 168;
death of, 241
Cæsar, _see_ “Iulius,” “Augustus”
Cæsar-Augusta, 154
Cæsarion, 118, 120, 129, 173
Calabria, 35
Calpe (Gibraltar), 13
Calpurnius Piso, L., father-in-law of Cæsar, 44, 54
Calvisius Sabinus, C., 25, 103
Campania, 46
Candace, 174
Cantabri, war with, 153, 154, 179
Capreæ (Capri), 206, 256
Capua, 8, 48, 71, 112
Caracalla, 193
Carthage, colony at, 13, 133
Cassius, C., 19 _n._;
in Asia and Syria, 29-31;
has to quit Rome after Cæsar’s murder, 41;
offered the _cura annonæ_, 42;
nominated to Cyrene, 32, 43;
publishes edicts with Brutus against Antony, 44;
his nomination to Syria renewed by Senate, 55;
to be attacked by Antony, 71;
his war with the triumvirs, 79-83;
his death, 84
Cassius, Q., Tr. Pl. [B.C., 49], 7;
his failure in Spain, 23
Carrhæ, battle of, 30
Carthage, colony at, 25
Casinius, M., 24
Castra Vetera, 187, 188
Catiline, conspiracy of, 1, 3, 213
_Censoria potestas_, 137, 224, 294
Census, the, 137, 255
Chatti, the, 184, 186, 187
Chauci, the, 186
Cherusci, the, 187
Cicero (M. Tullius), 1, 2, 14, 24, 30;
meets Octavian, 37;
his view of Octavian and the situation, 39, 45-6, 50-1;
his epigram, 52, 60;
his correspondence with Octavian, 53;
his hostility to the party of Antony, 54, 56, 58-65;
his submission to Octavian, 67;
proscribed, 72;
Augustus’s opinion of, 201
Cilicia, province of, 25, 29, 30, 173
Cimber, L., 19
Cinna, L., 41
Citizenship, reluctance of Augustus to extend the, 251
Claterna, skirmish at, 55-6
Claudius, son of Drusus (afterwards emperor), 243
Claudius Marcellus, C. (Cos. B.C. 50), 45, 99
Claudius Marcellus, M. (Cos. B.C. 51), 6
Claudius Marcellus, M., son of Octavia, hopes to succeed Augustus,
157, 161;
Vergil’s lines on his death, 162-63
Claudius Nero, Tib. (husband of Livia), 97, 110, 111
Claudius Nero, Tib. (son of Livia, afterwards emperor), 97, 157, 163,
165;
forced to divorce Vipsania and marry Iulia, 165;
adopted by Augustus, 168, 186;
his character, 169;
crowns the king of Armenia, 177;
campaigns in the Eastern Alps, 181;
in Pannonia, 183;
succeeds Drusus on the Rhine, 185;
retires to Rhodes, 167, 185;
succeeds again to the command on the Rhine and thence goes to
Dalmatia, 186;
returns to the Rhine on the fall of Varus, 188;
letter of Augustus to, 202;
marries Iulia, 234;
divorces Iulia, 239;
Augustus’s feelings towards, 169-70, 253-55;
his successes, 263;
his speech at the funeral of Augustus, 259
Cleopatra, 30, 33;
prevented from sending aid to Antony against Brutus and Cassius, 80;
her meeting with Antony on the Cydnus, 91;
her influence on Antony, 118-21;
at Actium, 123-24;
her negotiations with Octavian and death, 126-29.
See also 172, 173, 176, 212, 231
Clodia, betrothed to Augustus, 71;
repudiated, 98
Clodius, P., 4
M. Cocceius Nerva, 99
Cœle-Syria, 30
_Collegia_, the, 215, 216
Colonies of Augustus in Italy, 133
Commagene, 116
Comum, colony of, 6
_Confarreatio_, 226
_Constitutio principis_, 159
_Consularia ornamenta_, 52
Corcyra, 21, 122
Cordova, 134
Corfinium, 8
Corinth, 27;
colony at, 133
Corn, supply and price of, 216, 217;
free distribution of, 217, 218, 296
Cornelius Balbus, L., 37;
theatre of, 156
Cornelius Dolabella, P., 18;
(Cos. B.C. 44) shares the money in the temple of Ops, 39;
receives a legion from Macedonia, 43;
puts Trebonius to death, 55;
his proceedings in Syria, 28, 29, 31;
kills himself at Laodicea, 80
Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, P., 29, 80
Cornificius, Q., 25, 105
Cornutus, M. (Præt. B.C. 43), 67
Cosa, 103
Cotys of Thrace, 180
Crassus, _see_ “Licinius”
Crete, 32, 113, 172
Crispus, _see_ “Marcius”
Croatia, 114
Cumæ, 196
_Cura annonæ_, 42
Curio, C., 6, 7, 9
Cyme, 198
Cyprus, separated from Egypt, 172
Cyrene, province of, 32, 33, 118, 173
Cyzicus, deprived of liberty, 176
D
Daci, the, 14, 114
Dalmatia, roads in, 215
Dalmatians, the, 17, 21, 22, 179, 186
Danube, 14;
provinces of the, 17, 172, 186
Dentheletæ, the, 180
Dertona, 59, 61
Dictatorship refused by Augustus, 217, 294;
of Sulla, 266
Didius, Q., 126
_Diffareatio_, 226
Divorce, 226-228
Dolabella, _see_ “Cornelius”
Domitius Ahenobarbus, L., 8, 10, 20
Domitius Ahenobarbus, Cn., 80, 81, 84, 99, 100, 118
Druidical religion, the, 198
Drusus (son of Livia), 111, 165;
marries Antonia, 167;
his campaigns in the Eastern Alps, 181;
his German campaigns, 184;
his death, 185;
see also 167
Drusus (son of Tiberius), 167, 242;
speaks at the funeral of Augustus, 259
Dyrrachium, 21
E
East and West, separation of, 86-7, 101, 267
Egypt, 9, 17, 24, 31-2, 125, 131, 132, 174
Elephantine, 174
Empire, the state of, 17-32;
divisions of between the triumvirs, 1st, 71, 2nd, 86-7, 3rd, 99-101
Ephesus, 212
Epirus, 8, 9
Equites, review of, 160;
property of, 141
Eretria separated from Athens, 176
_Ergastula_, 213
Euphrates, the, 17, 30, 99
F
Fannius Cæpio, conspirator, 164
Fetials, the, 220
Finances of the Empire, 248
Fire brigades, 219, 220
_Fiscus_, the, 39, 132, 141, 218, 249
Flamen Dialis, 220;
flamen of Iulius, 199
Flevo Lake (Zuyder Zee), 184
Floods in Rome, 219
_Fortuna redux_, 194, 197, 295
Forum Augustum and forum Iulium, 156
Forum Cornelii, 56
Forum Gallorum, battles at, 53, 58, 61
Forum Iulii (Fréjus), 191
Fuficius Fango, C., 26
Fufius Calenus, Q., 27, 97
Fufius Geminus, 114
Fulvia (wife of Antony), 26, 75, 98
G
Gabinius, A. (Cos. B.C. 58), 3, 26, 30, 114
Galatia, province of, 171
Germania inferior and superior, 172, 185
Germanicus, son of Drusus, 167, 229, 242
Germans, the, 17, 181-82, 184-85, 186-89, 242
Gaul, 4, 8, 17;
the provinces of, 19-21;
Cisalpine Gaul, 43, 44, 71, 133;
Transalpine Gaul, 71;
Narbonensis, 20, 23, 215;
colonies in, 133;
Augustus in, 152-53
_Genius_ of a man, the, 196
Getæ, the, 14, 17, 18
Gracchus, C., 217
Greece, province of, 27;
declining state of, 175
Grenoble, 64
Gythium, 176
H
Hadrian, 3
Hercules, temple of, 205
Herod, 101, 173, 182, 203
Herophilus, 13
Hirtius, Aul. (Cos. B.C. 43), governor of Transalpine Gaul, 20, 21;
to go to Asia, 29;
in the campaign of Mutina, 55-58;
his death, 59
Horace (Q. Horatius Flaccus) his view of Antony’s subservience to
Cleopatra, 117;
records Cæsar’s Cantabrian campaign, 154;
on the Arabian expedition, 155;
on the recovery of the standards, 178;
on the absence of Augustus, 195;
on the literary tastes of Augustus, 208;
his ode for the secular games, 222;
his connection with Augustus and his support of his popularity,
285-89
Hortensia, 76
Hortensius, Q., 27;
house of, 204
I
Iapydes, 114
Iberia (Georgia), 126
Idumæa, 107
Illyricum, 17;
province of, 21, 22, 26, 33, 114;
colonies in, 133
Imperator, 46
Imperium, 159, 160
Indian envoys, 179, 300
Isauria, 171
Issa, 21
Istria, 214
Italy, brigandage in, 113;
colonies of Augustus in, 133;
privileges of, 250
Ituræa, 173
Ianus, closing of, 142, 179, 182, 295
Iuba, 25, 171
Iulia, aunt of Iulius Cæsar, 14.
Sister of Iulius Cæsar, 2, 10.
Daughter of Iulius Cæsar, 6.
Mother of Antony, 6.
Daughter of Augustus, 99;
married to Marcellus, 161;
married to Agrippa, 164;
married to Tiberius, 231-36, 238-40.
Granddaughter of Augustus, 243
Iudæa, 116, 173
Iulius Cæsar, C. (the Dictator), 2-9, 11, 13, 18;
assassination of, 15, 34, 39;
his contemplated expedition against the Getæ and Parthians, 14, 18;
his enfranchisement of the Transpadani, 19;
in Cilicia, 29;
his funeral and will, 35, 36;
_heroum_ of at Alexandria, 129;
his settlements of veterans, 133;
apotheosis of, 199;
sumptuary laws of, 225
Iulius Cæsar, L. (relative of the Dictator), 7, 72;
Sextus Iulius, 30, 80
Iunius Brutus, Dec., 18, 19, 20;
in Cisalpine Gaul, 43, 48;
his edict, 51;
Antony proposes to succeed him, 54;
hard pressed for food in Mutina, 56;
delays the pursuit of Antony, 59;
his difficulties, 61, 62;
his last despairing letter to Cicero, 64;
his death, 69
Iunius Brutus, M., to be consul (B.C. 41), 18;
governor of Cisalpine Gaul, 19;
nominated to Crete, 32;
prætor (B.C. 44), 41-4;
in Macedonia, 28, 54-6, 79;
plan for recalling him to Rome, 62, 64;
to be attacked by Antony, 71;
his administration in Asia and campaign at Philippi, 79-81, 83-5;
his death, 85
Iupiter Tonans, 156
_Ius italicum_, 133;
_ius relationis_, _ius consulare_, 158;
_ius trium liberorum_, 229-30
L
Labienus, 116
Lance (_Sallanco_), 154
Land, assignations of, 91, 92, 112, 113, 132, 133
Laodicea, 30, 31, 80
_Lares compitales_, 196
_Latinitas_, 133
Latin games, the, 9, 10
_Legati pro prætore_, 147
Legio Martia, 35, 50, 57, 58, 60, 67;
Quarta, 35, 50, 66, 67;
reduction in number of legions, 132;
commanders of, 191;
numbers of in the provinces, 192 _n._
Lentulus, _see_ “Cornelius”
Lesbos, Agrippa in, 163
Leucopetra, 104
_Lex curiata_ for adoption, 37, 68;
_lex Papia Poppæa_, 226-29
Libya, 118
Licinius procurator at Lugdunum, 180, 181, 209, 210
Licinius Crassus, M., 6, 30
Licinius Muræna, A., his conspiracy, 164
Lilybæum, 11
Limyra, 167
Livia, daughter of Drusus, 167
Livia, wife of Augustus, 97, 110;
accused of making away with Marcellus, 163;
and of Lucius and Gaius, 201;
in Sparta, 176;
her facility as a wife, 231;
her connection with Iulia, 238;
farewell of Augustus to, 258;
becomes Iulia Augusta, 260;
her character, 275-78
Livy, historian, 283
Loans, state, 218, 219
Longobardi, the, 186
Lucca, 4
Lucrine Lake, 103
_Ludi sæculares_, 222, 223
Lugdunum, founding of, 20;
Augustus at, 180;
altar at, 198
Luperci, the, 220-21
Lupia (R. Lippe), 186
Lupiæ, 35
_Lustrum_, 137, 255, 294
Lycia, 80, 167
M
Macedonia, 2, 14, 17;
province of, 26, 27, 29, 43;
the legions in, 14, 34, 46;
colonies in, 133
Mæcenas (C. Cilnius) with Octavius at Apollonia, 15;
negotiates marriage with Scribonia, 98;
represents Augustus at Beneventum, 99, and at Tarentum, 103;
in charge of Rome (B.C. 31), 123;
his loss of favour, 164;
his character and services, 279-82
_Manus_, 227
Marcella, d. of Octavia and wife of Agrippa, 164
Marcellus, _see_ “Claudius”
Marcius Philippus, L. (stepfather of Augustus), 3, 4, 9, 36, 45, 54
Marcius Crispus, Q., 31, 79
Marcomanni, the, 186, 187
Marius, C., 13, 14
Marobudus, chief of the Marcomanni, 186, 188
Marriage, laws of, 226-30
Mars Ultor, 156, 197;
two temples of, 178
Marseilles, siege of, 9
Matius, C., 38
Mauretania, 171
Mausoleum of Augustus, 156, 261
Media, 173, 177
Merida, 133, 154
Mesopotamia, 14, 18
Metellus, _see_ “Cæcilius”
Menodorus, freedman of Sext. Pompeius, 100, 101
Miletus, 108
_Milliarium aureum_, 215
Milo, 4
Minucius, Q., 73
Misenum, treaty of, 24, 100
Mœsia, 17, 171;
temple in, 198
_Monumentum Ancyranum_, 261-62, 293-301
Morals, reform in, 223-32
Munatius Plancus, L. (Cos. B.C. 42), 18, 20, 62, 63, 76, 97, 120;
builds temple of Saturn, 156
Munda, 13, 23
Muræna, _see_ “Licinius”
Murcus, _see_ “Statius”
Mutina, campaign of, 25, 29, 52, 53-62
Mylæ, battles off, 104, 106
N
Nabata, 174
Naples, 37, 256, 257
Narbo, 152, 153;
temple at, 198
Narbonensis, _see_ “Gaul”
_Naumachia_, 291, 298
Neapolis (port of Philippi), 80
Nemausus (Nismes), 180
Nicolas of Damascus, 45
Nicomedia, 198
Nigidius, P., 2
Nile, the, 30
Nola, 2, 257, 262
Norbanus, C., 81, 83, 115
Noricum, 172, 181, 186
Nuceria, 71
Numidia, 25, 26, 87;
_see_ “Africa”
O
Octavia (sister of Augustus), 45, 75;
married to Antony, 100, 101;
reconciles Antony and Augustus, 103, 104;
her fidelity to Antony, 118;
divorced by Antony, 120;
her retirement from society, 162;
brings up Iulius Antonius, 239
_Octavia gens_, the, 1
Octavius, Octavian, _see_ “Augustus”
Octavius (father of Augustus), 1-3
Octavius, Rufus, C., 1, 2
Octavius, M., 22
Ops, money in the temple of, 39, 40, 54
_Orcini Senatores_, 139
Ovations of Augustus, 111
Ovid on the recovery of the standards, 178;
his banishment, 243-46;
his relations with Augustus, 291-93
P
Pacorus, 116
Pamphylia, 171
Paneas, 198
Pannonians, the, 114, 172, 179, 183, 186
Pannonia, altar in, 198
Pansa, _see_ “Vibius” (Transcriber’s Note: good luck with that; there
isn’t an index entry for Vibius. But try page 19.)
Pantheon, the, 156
Parthians, rumours of war with, 6;
Cæsar’s contemplated expedition against, 14, 18;
threaten Syria, 30;
Antony’s wars with, 43, 104, 116;
invade Armenia, 167;
their submission to Augustus and return of the standards, 173-79,
233, 300
_Pater patriæ_, 237, 301
Patræ, 27, 134;
colony at, 175
Patricians recruited, 14, 137
_Patrimonium Cæsarum_, 249
_Pax Augusta_, altar to, 182, 295
Pedius, Q., 36
Peducæus, Sext., 24
Peloponnese, 27
Pergamus, 212
Perusia, siege of, 95-7;
_Perusinæ aræ_, the, 96, 97
Pharnaces of Pontus, 9
Pharsalia, battle of, 9, 19, 22, 25, 28, 30
Pharus, 21
Philippi, battles of, 22, 26, 28, 31, 32, 76, 80-86
Philippics of Cicero, the, 46
Philippus, _see_ “Marcius”
Phœnicia, 30
Phraates IV., King of Parthia, 167, 173, (Phrates, 300)
Phrygia, 30, 171
Picenum, 8
Pinarius, L., 36
Penestæ, an Illyrian tribe, 21
Pergamus, 198
Piracy, 195, 298
Pisidia, colonies in, 176, 215
Plancus, _see_ “Munatius”
Plennius, 106
Plutarch acquits Augustus of plotting against Antony’s life, 45;
his account of Cleopatra’s death, 129
Po, the river, 70, 214
Polemon of Cilicia, 102
Pollio, _see_ Asinius
Pompeii, 196
Pompeius Magnus, Cn., position of, 4-9;
his government of Spain, 23;
organises Syria, 30, Crete, 32;
his defeat at Pharsalia and death in Egypt, 9
Pompeius, Cn. (son of Magnus), 12, 23
Pompeius, Sext. (younger son of Magnus) survives Munda, 17;
occupies Sardinia, 24;
visited by Lepidus in Spain, 42;
holds Sicily and Sardinia, 71, 81, 82;
rescues many of the proscribed, 74;
receives Achaia from Antony, 82;
war with, 87;
negotiations with, 98, 99;
renewed war with, 100-106;
death of, 108
Pompeius Bithynicus, 24, 82
Pontifex Maximus, office of, 107, 112, 160, 221-22, 295
Pontus, 28, 29
_Populus Romanus_, extension of the meaning of, 193
Porticus Octaviæ, 115, 116;
Liviæ, 156
Postal service, the, 189, 190
Portus Iulius, 103
Postumius, 38
Potentia, 6
_Præfectus urbi_, _præfectus annonæ_, 160
Præneste, 205
_Princeps senatus_, 142, 166, 294
“_Princeps_” as a title of the Emperor, 149-50;
powers of, 159
_Princeps iuventutis_, 166, 296
Propertius on the Arabian expedition, 155;
on the recovery of the standards, 178;
on the achievements of Augustus generally, 290
_Proconsulare imperium_, 148
Proculeius, C, 127
Proscriptions, the, 72-5
Provinces, the, 17-34;
Cæsar’s law as to the, 18;
division of between Augustus and Senate, 147-48;
finances of, 249
Ptolemais, 32
Ptolemy Apion of Cyrene, 18, 32
Ptolemy Auletes, 30, 31
Puteoli, 196
Q
Quintilius Varus, P., fall of, 187-88
R
Ravenna, 4, 7
Red Sea, the, 30
Regium Lepidi, 56
_Res familiaris_, 249, 260
Rhæti, the, 165, 172, 181
Rhætia, province of, 182
Rhegium, 71, 82, 103
Rhine, provinces of the, 17, 172;
crossed by Agrippa, 103;
armies of, 250;
frontier of the empire, 172;
crossed by Germany, 180
Rhodes, 80, 167
Rome, streets in, 113;
improvements in, 115, 134, 135, 156;
party feeling in, 119;
its attractions, 245-6;
supremacy of, 193, 275
Romulus, 149
S
Salassi, the, 113
Salonæ, 21, 22
Saltus Castulonensis, 22
Salvidienus Rufus, Q., 15, 82
Salvius, 73
Sænius, L. (Cos. B.C. 30), 137
Sallustius Crispus, 282
Samaria, 102
Samos, 28, 122
Samosata, 116
Sardinia, 9, 33, 71;
province of, 24-5
Sardis, 80
Saxa, Decidius, 81, 83, 116
Saragossa, 134, 154
Scodra, 99
Scopas, 205
Scordisci, the, 180
Scribonia (wife of Augustus), 98, 110, 239
Scribonius, usurper in the Bosporus, 182
Secular games, the, 222, 298
Senate, meeting of on 1st of June (B.C. 44), 42;
grants military rank to Octavian, 51;
lectiones and reforms of by Augustus, 138-42;
decline of, 270-1
Senators, number of, 140;
property qualification of, 144
_Senatus consultum ultimum_, 7, 53
Sertorius, 18
Sextius Saturninus, C., 186
Sextius, T., 25
Sibylline books, the, 205, 221
Sicily, Curio’s success in, 9;
province of, 23, 24, 33, 82;
war in, 104-106;
colonies in, 133, 174, 175
Sidon deprived of liberty, 176
Silius Nerva, P., 179
Smyrna, 80
Sodales Titii, the, 220
Sosius, C., campaign in Judæa, 116, 118
Spain, Pompey’s rule of, 4, 5, 8;
Cæsar in, 8, 9, 13;
provinces of, 22, 23, 29, 87;
colonies in, 133, 134;
temple in to Augustus, 198
Sparta, 27, 176, 198
Spartacus, 3, 213
T. Statilius Taurus, 104, 115;
builds an amphitheatre, 156
C. Statius Murcus, 31, 79, 81, 84
Stilicho, 221
Suetonius, 3, 24
Sugambri, 180
Sulla, 18
Sulpicius Rufus, Serv., 28, 54
_Sublicius pons_, 219
Succession, the, 160, 170, 242, 263
Sumptuary laws, 225
_Supplicatio_, meaning of, 197
Synnada, diocese of, 30
Syria, 18;
province of, 30, 31, 43, 118, 173, 177
T
Tarentum, 103
Tarraco, 13, 154
Tarsus, 29
Tauromenium, 104, 105
Temples, repair of, 134, 156, 297
Tencteri, 180
Terentius Varro, 48
Teuta, Queen, 21
Thapsus, 11, 23
Thasos, 81
Thessaly, 9, 27
Thracian tribes, 2
Thurii, 3, 213
Thurinus, 3
Thyrsus (freedman of Antony), 126
Tibur, 49, 205
Tillius Cimber, L., 28
Tiridates, 173, 177
Titius T. (Tr. Pl. B.C. 43), 72, 108, 117, 120
Titus, Emperor, 117
Toga, the disuse of the, 224
Trebonius, C., 19, 23, 28, 55
_Tribunicia potestas_, 112, 135-37, 158-60
Triumphs of Iulius Cæsar, 11;
of Augustus, 137
Triumvirate, the first, 4.
The second, 25, 70, 72, 118;
powers of, 143;
acta of abolished, 144
Turullius, P., 126
Tyre, deprived of liberty, 176
Tyndaris, 104
U
Usipites, the, 180, 184
V
Vada Sabatia, 59, 61
Valerius Messalla, M., 104, 105
Valerius, P., 22
Valerius Orca, Q., 24
Valerius Messalinus, 186
Varius Rufus, L., 283
Varus, _see_ Quintilius
Vedius Pollio, his cruelty rebuked, 209;
his house demolished, 291
Velitræ, 1, 2
Velleius Paterculus excuses Augustus for the proscriptions, 76
_Venationes_, 271, 298
Venetia, 214
Venusia, 71
Vergil, 2;
on the confiscations, 90;
on the death of Marcellus, 162, 163;
on the recovery of the standards, 179;
death of, 179;
his connection with Augustus and his work, 283-85
Vesta, temple of, 67;
new temple of, in Palatine, 205
Vestal Virgins, the, 67, 78, 135, 220
Veterans, the, 42, 44, 46, 90, 91, 132, 133, 174
_Via Æmilia_, 48, 59, 79;
_Egnatia_, 14, 15, 83;
_Flaminia_, 214, 297;
_Valeria_, 49;
_Valeria_ (in Sicily), 105;
_Sebaste_ (in Pisidia), 176;
_viæ Augustæ_ in the provinces, 215
Vibo, 71
_Vicesima_, the 5 p. c. legacy duty, 250, 251
Vindelici, 181
Vipsania, wife of Tiberius, 165, 167, 234
Vipsanius Agrippa, M., 11, 15;
makes the _portus Iulius_, and organises a navy against Sext.
Pompeius, 103-105;
improves the water supply of Rome, 115;
his activity before and at Actium, 123, 124 (Cos. B.C. 28);
holds the Census with Augustus, 137;
his great buildings, 156;
receives his Seal from Augustus when supposed to be dying, 157;
appointed to Syria, 161;
marries Iulia, 164;
in Gaul and Spain (B.C. 21-19), 165, 179;
associated in tribunician power, 165;
on the Bosporus, 182;
his death, 183, 234;
his character and career, 278-79
Visurgis (R. Weser), 184, 186, 187
Z
Zela, 9
The Gresham Press,
UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED,
WOKING AND LONDON.