SOCIAL LIFE
Hitherto we have confined ourselves to an outline of the College history
on what may be called its official side. In what follows we deal briefly
with some features of the life of the place.
[Illustration: THE NEW COURT]
The original, and perhaps the chief, purpose of the College in the eyes
of those who founded it was practically that it should form a training
ground for the clergy. The statutes of King Henry VIII. distinctly lay
down that theology is the goal to which philosophy and all other studies
lead, and that none were to be elected Fellows who did not propose to
study theology. The statutes of Elizabeth provided a certain elasticity
by prescribing that those Fellows who did not enter priests' orders
within six years should vacate their fellowships; but that two Fellows
might be allowed, by the Master and a majority of the Senior Fellows, to
devote themselves to the study of medicine. King Charles I. in 1635
allowed a like privilege to be granted from thenceforth to two Fellows
who were to study law. These privileges were not always popular, and we
occasionally find the clerical Fellows complaining that while the
duties of teaching and catechising were laid on them, a man who had held
one of the law or medical fellowships sometimes took orders late in life
and then claimed presentation to a College benefice in virtue of his
seniority as a Fellow, having in the meantime escaped the drudgery to
which the Fellow in orders had been subject.
The emoluments of members of the Society in early times were very
modest, and as prices rose became quite inadequate; the amounts being
named in the College statutes were incapable of alteration, and indirect
means were taken to provide relief. In Bishop Fisher's time it was
considered that an endowment of L6 a year sufficed to found a
fellowship, and L3 a year to found a scholarship. The statutable stipend
of the Master was only L12 a year, though he had some other allowances,
the total amount of which was equally trivial. James Pilkington, Master
from 1559 to 1561, when he became Bishop of Durham, wrote to Lord
Burghley on the subject of his successor, stating that whoever became
Master must have some benefice besides to enable him to live. Richard
Longworth, Master from 1564 to 1569, made a similar complaint, putting
the weekly expenses of his office at L3. We accordingly find that many
of the Masters held country benefices, prebends, or deaneries with their
College office. Lord Keeper Williams, who gave to the College the
advowsons of Soulderne in Oxfordshire, Freshwater in the Isle of Wight,
and the sinecure rectories of St. Florence and Aberdaron in Wales, made
it part of the conditions of his gift that the Master should always be
entitled to take one of these livings if a vacancy occurred. Many of the
Fellows also held benefices or curacies near Cambridge. In the
eighteenth century the business of holding ecclesiastical preferment in
plurality became almost a fine art; thus Sir Isaac Pennington, who was
President of the College and Regius Professor of Physic, left to the
College by his will a fund to provide the sum of L200 a year for the
Master "if he be rector of Freshwater and not otherwise," a direct and
curious incentive to holding in plurality. A Fellow was entitled to his
commons, and, in addition, to allowances of 13s. 4d. under each of the
three heads of "corn," "livery," and "stipend," or, as we may say, food,
clothes, and pocket-money. The College officers received but small
salaries, the most highly paid being the President and Senior Bursar,
who each received L2.
An effort was made by the Statutes of the Realm to improve the condition
of members of colleges. It seems to have been assumed that the rent of a
college farm, like its statutes, could not be altered; but by an Act of
Parliament passed in the eighteenth year of Elizabeth, known as Sir
Thomas Smith's Act, it was enacted that from thenceforth one-third of
the rents were to be paid in wheat and malt; the price of wheat for the
purposes of the Act being assumed to be 6s. 8d. a quarter, and of malt
5s. a quarter. Thus if before the Act the rent of a farm was L6 a year,
after it became law the tenant had to pay L4 in money, three-quarters of
wheat, and four quarters of malt, these two latter items coming to L1
each. But the tenant now paid a rent varying according to the prices of
the day--namely, the money rent plus the cash value of the wheat and
malt according to the best prices of these commodities in Cambridge on
the market-day preceding quarter-day. Thus as the prices of wheat and
malt rose the College benefited. By the Act this variable one-third, or
"corn-money," went to increase the allowance for commons. As time went
on the amount of the corn-money was more than sufficient to pay for the
commons, and a further modest allowance out of the surplus was made to
all who participated in the College revenues, whether as Master, Fellow,
scholar, or sizar, under the name of _praeter_.
In process of time another source of revenue arose. Leases of College
estates were usually granted for a term of forty years, and there was a
general custom that the tenant might surrender his lease at the end of
fourteen years and receive a new one for forty years. As prices rose
tenants were willing to pay a consideration for the renewal known as a
"fine"--this was calculated on the full letting value of the estate at
the time of the renewal, the rent reserved remaining at its traditional
amount. At first this fine-money was regarded as a species of surplus,
and grants were made from it to Fellows or scholars who were ill or in
special need of temporary assistance. The cost of entertaining royalties
or other distinguished visitors, and part of the cost of new buildings,
were defrayed from this source. In the year 1629 the practice arose of
dividing this fine-money up among the Master and Fellows in certain
shares, and the money so paid became known as the "dividend." At the
present time the College property is managed like any other landed
estate, and after the necessary expenses of management and maintenance
have been met, and certain fixed sums paid to the scholars and
exhibitioners, and to the University, the remainder is by the statutes
divided up into shares called dividends, each Fellow getting one
dividend, the Master and the members of the College Council receiving
certain additions calculated in dividends; there is a general
restriction that the dividend shall not exceed L250 a year. The fall in
the value of land at present automatically provides that this limit is
not exceeded; if the revenues become more than sufficient for the
purpose, additional fellowships and scholarships must be established.
The reader will gather that the chief endowment of the College arises
from land. The College estates lie scattered over most of the eastern
side of England, from Yorkshire to Kent. There is no large block of
property anywhere. The estates in past times, when means of
communication were poor, must have been difficult to visit. In the
leases of the more distant farms it was usual to stipulate that the
tenant should provide "horse meat and man's meat" for the Master and
Bursar and their servants while on a tour of inspection. That some care
was bestowed on the management is clear from the regular entries, in the
books of accounts, of the expenses of those "riding on College
business." Probably the estates were visited when leases came to be
renewed, and an effort made to discover the actual letting value of the
property. Land agents seem to have been first employed to make formal
valuations towards the end of the eighteenth century, and about the same
time plans of the estates were obtained, some of these, made before the
enclosures, showing the land scattered in many minute pieces, are very
curious and interesting.
The actual life within the College walls is not so easy to describe with
any certainty. At first, as we have seen, the undergraduates actually
lived with Fellows of the College, and overcrowding must have been a
constant feature of College life. On 15th December 1565 a return was
made to Lord Burghley of all students, "whether tutors or pupils,"
residing in the College, with notes as to whether they had come into
Chapel in their surplices or not. The return concludes with this
summary: "The whole number is 287, whereof there came into the Chappell
with surplesses upon the last Saturdaie and Sondaie 147; and abrode in
the country 33. And of thother 107 whiche cumme not in as yet, there be
many cumme to the Colledge of late and be not yet provided of
surplesses." At this time we have to remember that the buildings of the
College consisted only of the First Court, the Infirmary or Labyrinth,
and a small block of buildings in a corner of the ground now occupied by
the Second Court, swept away when that was built. The arrangement seems
to have been as follows. The ground-floor rooms were occupied by junior
Fellows, each with a few pupils. The rooms on the first floor, known in
the College books as the "middle chambers," were in greater request;
with these went the rooms on the second floor, with sometimes _excelses_
or garrets over them--these could accommodate a senior Fellow with
several pupils. In the older parts of the College the rooms occupied the
whole depth of the building, and so were lighted from both sides; in the
corners, when light could be obtained, cubicles or studies were
partitioned off. From a sanitary point of view, life under such
conditions must have left much to be desired, and the burial registers
of All Saints' parish (in which the older part of the College is
situated) leave the impression of frequent and almost epidemic illness
in the College during the sixteenth and early part of the seventeenth
century.
The undergraduates in early times were much younger than the men of the
present day. The statutes prescribed that the oath should not be
required from scholars who were under sixteen years of age; the frequent
occurrence of _non juratus_ in the admission entry of a scholar shows
that many came to the College before that age. Probably the average age
was about sixteen; the idea being that after the seven years' residence
required for the M.A. degree they would be of the proper age to present
themselves for ordination. Those under eighteen years of age might be
publicly whipped in the Hall for breaches of discipline.
Students from distant parts of England probably resided continuously in
College from the time they entered it until they took their degrees. The
statutes of King Henry VIII. contemplate a period of some relaxation at
Christmas; providing that each Fellow in turn should be "Lord" at
Christmas, and prepare dialogues and plays to be acted by members of the
College between Epiphany and Lent. The brazier in the Hall seems to have
been kept burning in the evening about Christmas time; of this practice
a curious relic survived until comparatively lately, it being the custom
to leave a few gas-jets burning in the Hall until midnight from St.
John's Day (December 27) until Twelfth Night.
There were three classes of students. The Fellow Commoners, sons of
noblemen or wealthy land-owners, who sat at the High Table, or, as it
was phrased, were in Fellows' commons. Some came in considerable state.
In 1624 the Earl of Arundel and Surrey sent his two sons, Lord
Maltravers and Mr. William Howard, to the College. The Earl's chaplain,
or secretary, in making arrangements for their coming, wrote to request
that they should have one chamber in the College, with a "pallett for
the gromes of their chamber"; the rest of "his lordships company, being
two gentlemen, a grome of his stable and a footman, may be lodged in the
towne near the College." At this period the Second Court had been built,
and the accommodation for residence thus somewhat greater than in
Elizabethan times. The Fellow Commoner wore a gown ornamented with gold
lace, and a cap with a gold tassel. The last Fellow Commoner at St.
John's to wear this dress was the present Admiral Sir Wilmot Hawksworth
Fawkes.
The next class in order of status were the Pensioners--men who paid
their expenses without assistance from the College, sons of middle-class
parents. In times of which we have any definite record this was the most
numerous class in College. Lastly, we have the sizars. A sizar was
definitely attached to a Fellow or Fellow Commoner; he was not exactly a
servant, but made himself generally useful. For example, those members
of the College who absented themselves from the University sermon were
in the eighteenth century fined sixpence, and the sizars were expected
to mark the absentees. The sizar at Cambridge had, however, always a
better status than the servitor at Oxford, and in the days when
scholarships were strictly limited as to locality, a sizarship was
something of the nature of what at the present day we should describe as
an entrance scholarship or exhibition, the assistance given consisting
in a reduction of expenses rather than in actual direct emolument. At
the present time there is no difference in status among members of the
College; the foundation scholars, however, having special seats in
Chapel and a separate table in Hall if they choose to make use of it.
Until 1882 the condition of celibacy attached to all fellowships in the
College; Queen Elizabeth held strong views on the matter, even
discouraging the marriage of Masters. The necessity of taking orders was
somewhat relaxed in 1860. The system had its advantages--it tended to
produce promotion; for the natural inclination of mankind to marry,
vacated fellowships; the disadvantage was that men with a real taste for
study or teaching had no certain career before them. The question of
allowing Fellows to marry was raised in the eighteenth century, but met
with little support and much opposition. Even in the middle of the
nineteenth century a University Commission inclined to the view that
celibacy was inseparable from the collegiate system.
[Illustration: THE "BRIDGE OF SIGHS"]
The clerical restriction had the effect of chiefly confining selection
to College offices to those who were in orders. These in due course
went off to benefices in the gift of the College, these acting as a
species of pension. One form of benefaction frequently bestowed by past
members was the gift of an advowson; one or two benefactors left
estates, the revenues from which were to accumulate, and with the sums
so raised advowsons were to be purchased. Presentation to livings went
by seniority of standing, and this practice, with the restriction on
marriage, gave rise to the belief, still prevalent in many parishes
where the College is patron, that the College on a vacancy always
chooses for the next incumbent "the oldest bachelor." It seems probable,
without any minute statistical inquiry, that most of the Fellows left
the College before the age of forty. A few remained on for life.
It is difficult now to reconstruct a picture of the High Table, made up
as it was for many years of a group of middle-aged or elderly men, with
a considerable admixture of youthful Fellow Commoners. During the
eighteenth century the proportion of Fellow Commoners was probably from
one-fourth to one-third of those dining together, and constraint on both
sides must have been almost inevitable. The terms "don" and
"donnishness" seem to have acquired their uncomplimentary meaning about
this period. The precise significance of "don" is not easy to express
concisely; the most felicitous is perhaps that of the Oxford _Shotover
Papers_, where we read that don means, in Spain, a gentleman; in
England, a Fellow. The abolition of the Fellow Commoner was perhaps
chiefly due to the rise of the democratic spirit and a general dislike
of privilege, but there are other grounds for welcoming it.
Of the individuals who make up the stream of youthful life which has
ebbed and flowed through the College gate there is but little official
record. An Admonition Book exists, in which more than a century ago
those who were punished for graver offences against discipline signed
the record of their sentence and promised amendment. One youth admits
over a trembling signature that he was "admonished by the Master, before
the Seniors, for keeping strangers in my chamber till twelve o' the
clock, and disturbing the Master by knocking at his gate in an
irreverent manner at that hour for the keys of the gate." When the
College gate was closed it may be explained that the keys were placed in
the Master's keeping. We are, however, left in ignorance of what passed
in that chamber until the midnight hour. Yet no doubt the student in
past days had his amusements as well as his successor of the present
day--rougher perhaps, but not less agreeable to him.
In Bishop Fisher's statutes archery was encouraged as a pastime, and we
know from Ascham's writings that he indulged in it. In the sixteenth
century the College built a tennis-court for the use of its members.
John Hall, who entered the College in 1646, recommended "shittlecock" as
fit for students--"it requires a nimble arme with quick and waking eye."
We hear of horse matches and cock-fighting, but in terms of disapproval.
Football is mentioned in 1574, when the Vice-Chancellor directed that
scholars should only play upon their own College ground. In 1595 "the
hurtful and unscholarly exercise of football" was forbidden, except
within each College and between members of the same College. Certain
general orders for the discipline of the undergraduates, which gave rise
to much controversy about 1750, forbade cricket between the hours of
nine and twelve in the morning. In 1763 the Vice-Chancellor required
that no scholar, of whatever rank, should be present at bull-baiting. We
read in the eighteenth century of "schemes" or water-parties on the
river, but these appear to have been more of the nature of picnics than
exercises of skill. Riding was probably very common, the student
arriving on his nag, perhaps selling it and using the proceeds as a
start in his new life. The phrase "Hobson's choice" took its rise from
the rule in the livery stables of Hobson the carrier that a man who
hired a hack had to take the one that stood nearest to the stable door.
In later days stage-coaches supplied a more regular means of
conveyance. Students leaving Cambridge for the North betook themselves
to Huntingdon, and were housed at the George Inn there till places could
be found for them in the coaches. The landlord of the George sending
over to Cambridge to let it be known that one batch were gone and that
another might come over.
Traditions linger in parishes round Cambridge that the University
"gentlemen" used certain fields or commons for the purpose of riding
races; the Cottenham steeplechases are presumably a survival of this
practice. Shooting and coursing, with a little hunting, came into vogue
at the end of the eighteenth century.
The rise and organisation of athletic sports as an essential element of
College life would require a bulky history in itself. The first to take
definite form was rowing. The historic boat club of the college is the
Lady Margaret Boat Club; this was founded in the October term of 1825.
The actual founder of the club seems to have been the Hon. Richard John
Le Poer Trench, a son of the second Earl of Clancarty. Trench afterwards
became a captain in the 52nd Regiment, and died 12th August 1841. The
club was the first to start an eight-oared boat on the Cam, though some
Trinity men had a four-oar on the river a short time before the Lady
Margaret was started. Among the first members of the club were William
Snow and Charles Merivale, afterwards Dean of Ely. Trench acted as
stroke of the original first boat crew in the Lent Term of 1826. There
were at first no regular races, but impromptu trials of speed with other
crews frequently took place. In 1827 the University Boat Club was
started, and regular bumping races begun. The first challenge to Oxford
was determined on at a meeting of the University Boat Club held 20th
February 1829, when it was resolved: "That Mr. Snow, of St. John's, be
requested to write immediately to Mr. Staniforth, Christ Church, Oxford,
proposing to make up a University Match." The match was made up, and the
race rowed at Henley on 10th June 1829, and from this the annual
boat-race between Oxford and Cambridge takes its rise. Snow acted as
stroke of the Cambridge boat, George Augustus Selwyn, successively
Bishop of New Zealand and Lichfield, rowed "seven," and Charles Merivale
"four." Snow (afterwards Strahan) became a banker, and died at Florence
4th July 1886. In after years when, from 1861 to 1869 inclusive, Oxford
had uniformly beaten Cambridge, the Lady Margaret supplied the late John
H. D. Goldie to break the spell and restore hope and confidence to
Cambridge crews. Thus the College club has taken an important part in
the establishment and maintenance of Cambridge rowing. Two verses of the
College boat song run as follows:--
"Mater regum Margareta
Piscatori dixit laeta
'Audi quod propositum;
Est remigium decorum
Suavis strepitus remorum
Ergo sit Collegium.'
* * * * *
Sic Collegium fundatum
Et Johannis nomen datum
Margareta domina,
Ergo remiges gaudendum
Triumphandum et canendum
In saeclorum secula."
So that, if we can trust the historic insight of the author (Mr. T. R.
Glover), the intentions of the foundress have been duly carried out.
The uniform of the club was at first much what it is now, a white jersey
with pink stripes; with this was worn a jacket of scarlet flannel,
popularly known as a "blazer"--a name which has passed into the English
language as descriptive of the coloured jackets of all clubs. It is said
that some one, whose feeling for analogy was stronger than for decorum,
described the surplice as "the blazer of the Church of England."
Organised cricket clubs, athletic clubs, and football clubs grew up, and
in process of time clubs for the pursuit of every kind of athletic
exercise have been started. Originally each club in College had a
subscription, paid by its members, towards the expenses of the special
game. About twenty years ago all the clubs in St. John's were united
into one club--"The Amalgamation." The subscription to this entitles a
member to join in any of the recognised games. The funds are
administered by a committee consisting of the representatives of those
interested in the different games, and grants made from the general fund
towards the expenses of each game. The presence of a few senior members
of the College on the committee provides the continuity so difficult to
maintain with the short-lived generations of undergraduate life. The
College provides the ground for the cricket, football, and lawn-tennis
clubs, while through the generosity of members of the College of all
standings a handsome boat-house has recently been built on the river.
The College also possesses flourishing musical and debating societies,
and from time to time clubs arise for literary and social purposes,
dying out and being refounded with great persistence.
In another sphere of work the College has taken a leading part. St.
John's was the first College in Cambridge to start a mission in
London--the Lady Margaret Mission in Walworth. Preaching in the College
Chapel on 28th January 1883, the Rev. William Allen Whitworth, a Fellow
of the College, then Vicar of St. John's, Hammersmith, afterwards
Incumbent of All Saints', Margaret Street, suggested that the College
should support a mission in some neglected district of London. The
matter took form a little later in the year, and since then the College
Mission has been a College institution. Members of the College visiting
the mission district, and visitors from Walworth coming for an annual
outing, including a cricket match, in August.
Another flourishing institution is the College magazine, _The Eagle_.
Founded in the year 1858, it has maintained its existence for nearly
fifty years, being now the oldest of College magazines. It has numbered
among its contributors many who have subsequently found a wider field
and audience: some of the earliest efforts of Samuel Butler, author of
_Erewhon_, are to be found in its pages.
* * * * *
I now bring my sketch of the College history to a close. I have
endeavoured, within the prescribed limits, to give an outline of the
corporate life of an ancient and famous foundation. In writing it two
classes of readers have been borne in mind: the visitor who, within a
short compass, may wish to learn something more than can be picked up by
an inspection of the buildings; members of the College who feel a lively
interest in the habits and pursuits of those who have preceded them. I
have, perhaps, thought more of the latter than of the former class.
Members of the College have always been distinguished for a certain
independence of thought and adherence to principle, not always guided
by motives of mere worldly prudence; they have always been noted for
that strong corporate feeling which finds expression in the words of
Viscount Falkland's letter, before alluded to: "I still carry about with
me an indelible character of affection and duty to that Society, and an
extraordinary longing for some occasion of expressing that affection and
that duty."
To one who has spent much of his life in the service of the institution
to which he owes so much, the words of the Psalmist (a Scot naturally
quotes the version endeared to him by early association) seem to put the
matter concisely--
"For in her rubbish and her stones
thy servants pleasure take;
Yea, they the very dust thereof
do favour for her sake."
INDEX
Adams, J. C., 16, 25, 26, 29, 82
Admonition Book, 100
Armorial Bearings, 2
Arrowsmith, J., 57
Ascham, R., 19, 23, 44
Ashton, H., 19
Baker, T., 28, 32, 61
Balsham, Hugo de, 36
Baronsdale, W., 50
Barwick, J., 31
Bateson, W. H., 81
Beale, W., 56
"Blazer," 104
Blunt, J. J., 22
Boat Club, 102
Bohun, H., 47
"Bridge of Sighs," 8, 10
Briggs, H., 51
Brown, "Capability," 10
Bull-baiting, 101
Burghley, Lord, 18, 48
Carey, V., 28
Catton, T., 70
Caxton, 31
Celibacy, 97
Chapel, New, 13-17
Chapel, Old, 4, 13
Charles I., 26, 30, 52, 56, 86
Charles II., 31
Cheke, Sir J., 44
Churchill, C., 70, 72
Clarkson, T., 26
Clayton, R., 49
Clive, R. H., 22
College Leases, 91
Combination Room, 5, 23, 25, 27
Commons, 43, 90
Corn Rents, 91
Cricket, 101
Cromwell, O., 56, 63
Cromwell, T., 29, 30
Dallam, R., 22
Dawson, J., 70
Denman, T., 71
Digby, E., 48
Dividend, 92
_Eagle, The_, 106
Eagle Close, 10
Edward VI., 45
Elizabeth, Queen, 46, 47
Estates, 93
Examinations, 24, 69
Fairfax, T., 31, 56, 62
Falkland, Viscount, 18, 62, 107
Fawkes, Sir W. H., 96
Fellow Commoners, 66, 96, 97, 99
Fisher, John, 37
Floods, 7
Football, 101
Forster, T., 63
Frost, H., 35
Ganton, R., 70
Gilbert, W., 18, 50, 51
Glover, T. R., 104
Goldie, J. H. D., 103
Gower, H., 7, 59, 60
Gunning, P., 57
Gwyn, O., 52, 62
Hall, The, 23
Hare, Sir R., 25
Hawksmoor, N., 8
Heberden, W., 73
Henrietta Maria, Queen, 26
Henry VII., 38
Henry VIII., 18, 38, 41, 45, 86
Herrick, R., 63
Herschel, Sir J. F. W., 25, 26, 82
High Altar, 46
Hill, R., 84
Hoare, H., 16
Hoghton, General, 70
Hopton, Sir I., 63
Horne Tooke, 72
Hospital of St. John, 14, 35
Howard, Lord Thomas, 3
Hutchinson, H., 8
Infirmary, 17
James I., 26, 49, 52
James II., 58
Jenkin, R., 61, 64
Kennedy, B. H., 25
Kikuchi, D., 83
Kirke White, H., 4, 20
Kitchen, 32
Knox, E., 17
Knox, John, 17
Knox, N., 17
Labyrinth, 17, 18, 94
Lady Margaret, 1, 2, 37
Laud, 30
Leases, 92
Library, 25, 27, 28
Lillechurch, 30, 41
Linacre, T., 49
Liveing, G. D., 25
Longworth, R., 47, 89
Ludlam, W., 70
Martyn, H., 71
Mary, Queen, 46
Mason, W., 72
Master's Lodge, 15, 25
Mayor, J. E. B., 25, 61
Mengs, R. A., 22
Merivale, C., 102, 103
Metcalfe, N., 20, 40, 42
Mission, Walworth, 105
Mortuary Roll, 30
Mossom, D., 63
Newcome, J., 31
Nonjurors, 59
Norton, F., 72
Oates, Titus, 63
Okeley, F., 84
Organ, 22
Ospringe, 41
Palmer, E. H., 25
Palmerston, Viscount, 71
Parsons, Hon. C. A., 83
Paul's Cross, 43
Peckover, Dr. A., 39
Pennington, Sir I., 90
Percy, A., 40
Peterhouse, 36, 37
Pilkington, J., 89
Powell, Sir F. S., 16
Powell, W. S., 69
Powis, Earl, 21
_Praeter_, 91
Prior, M., 32, 63
Reform, University, 80
Registers, 61, 62
Reyner, G. F., 16
Rickman, T., 8
Rowing, 102
St. John's Street, 16
Scott, A. J., 71, 72
Scott, Sir G. G., 15, 17
Scott, J. O., 22
Seaton, G., 55
Selwyn, G. A., 26, 103
Selwyn, W., 15
Seven Bishops, 58
Shittlecock, 101
Shorton, R., 40
Shrewsbury, Countess of, 5, 19, 28
Sizar, 97
Smith, R., 50
Smith, W., 73
Snow, W., 102, 103
Stag Staircase, 4
Stage Plays, 23, 95
Staincoat, 5
Stankard, 5
Statues, 18
Statutes, 42, 43, 61, 74, 79, 81
Strafford, Lord, 18, 56, 62
Tatham, R., 22, 80
Taylor, B., 63
Taylor, C., 82
Thomas, Sir N., 25
Townshend, Marquis, 70
Trench, R. J. Le P., 102
Trinity College, 44
Tuckney, A., 57
Tutorial System, 77
Tyrrell, W., 26
Victoria, Queen, 18
Washington, Geo., 64
Whitaker, W., 48
Whitgift, J., 48
Whitworth, W. A., 105
Whytehead, T., 22
Wilberforce, W., 26
Wilderness, The, 9, 10
Williams, John, 7, 18, 25, 27, 28, 29, 52
Wood, J., 20, 78
Wordsworth, W., 25, 26, 32
Wren, Sir C., 7
Wren's Bridge, 8, 9
THE END
Printed by BALLANTYNE, HANSON & CO.
Edinburgh & London
* * * * *
TRANSCRIBERS' NOTES
General: Spelling of words in quotations has been preserved.
General: Corrections to punctuation have not been individually
documented.
Page 51: logarithims corrected to logarithms (second occurrence)