[Illustration:
FIG. 1.—Construction of Peck’s Run Sewer, Baltimore, Maryland.
_Frontispiece._
]
SEWERAGE
AND
SEWAGE TREATMENT
BY
HAROLD E. BABBITT, M.S.
_Assistant Professor, Municipal and Sanitary Engineering, University of
Illinois; Associate Member American Society of Civil Engineers_
NEW YORK
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
LONDON: CHAPMAN & HALL, LIMITED
1922
Copyright, 1922, by
HAROLD E. BABBITT, M.S.
PRESS OF
BRAUNWORTH & CO.
BOOK MANUFACTURERS
BROOKLYN, N. Y.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PREFACE
This book is a development of class-room and lecture notes prepared by
the author for use in his classes at the University of Illinois. He has
found such notes necessary, since among the many books dealing with
sewerage and sewage treatment he has found none suitable as a text-book
designed to cover the entire subject. The need for a single book of the
character described has been expressed by engineers in practice, and by
students and teachers for use in the class-room. This book has been
prepared to meet both these needs. It is hoped that the searching
questions propounded by students in using the original notes, and the
suggestions and criticisms of engineers and teachers who have read the
manuscript, have resulted in a text which can be readily understood.
The ground covered includes an exposition of the principles and methods
for the designing, construction and maintenance of sewerage works, and
also of the treatment of sewage. In covering so wide a field the author
has deemed it necessary to include some chapters which might equally
well appear in works on other branches of engineering, such as the
chapter on Pumps and Pumping Stations. Special stress has been laid on
the fundamentals of the subject rather than the details of practice,
although illustrations have been drawn freely from practical work. The
quotation of expert opinions which may be in controversy, or the
citation of examples of different methods of accomplishing the same
thing, has been avoided when possible in order to simplify explanations
and to avoid confusing the beginner.
The work is to some extent a compilation of notes and quotations which
have been collected by the author during years of study and teaching the
subject. Credit has been given wherever due, and at the same time
references have pointed out the original sources whenever possible.
These references, which have been supplemented by brief bibliographies
at the end of certain chapters, will be useful to the student and
engineer interested in further study. Occasionally the original
reference has been lost or the phraseology of a quotation has been so
altered by class-room use, as to make it impossible to trace the
original source, so that in some few instances full credit may be
lacking.
The author is indebted to many of his friends for their criticisms and
suggestions in the preparation of the manuscript; but he desires
particularly to acknowledge the assistance of Professor A. N. Talbot,
Professor of Municipal and Sanitary Engineering at the University of
Illinois, and of Professor M. L. Enger, Professor of Mechanics and
Hydraulics at the University of Illinois, in the entire work; also that
of Mr. T. D. Pitts, Principal Assistant Engineer of the Baltimore
Sewerage Commission during the construction of the Baltimore sewers, for
his suggestions on the first half of the book; and to Mr. Paul Hansen,
consulting engineer, of Chicago, and to Mr. Langdon Pearse, Sanitary
Engineer of the Sanitary District of Chicago, for their help on the
section covering the treatment of sewage; and to Professor Edward
Bartow, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Iowa, for his review
of the chapter on Activated Sludge; in general his thanks are due to all
others who have furnished suggestions, illustrations, or quotations,
acknowledgments of which have been included in the text.
H. E. B.
URBANA, ILLINOIS, 1922.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
PAGES
1. Sewerage and the Sanitary Engineer. 2. Historical. 3.
Methods of Collection. 4. Methods of Disposal. 5. Methods of
Treatment. 6. Definitions. 1–8