Q. Stationed at----

A. Allegheny arsenal.

Q. State what came under your observation here on the morning of the

22d--Sunday morning?

A. We have Sunday morning inspection about eight o'clock. I finished

the inspection, and returned to my quarters and had hold of the door,

when I heard the firing down street. I turned to look out to see what

it was, when I heard a yell and a lot of men running over the

wall--jumping over the wall. I ran up to the gate in that direction. I

thought they were the mob. Soldiers were running. I thought it was our

own guard. When I got as far as that large warehouse, I met this

officer, and I took him to Major Buffington's quarters.

Q. Did you know who the officer was?

A. No, sir; there were several officers, and the only way I now know it

was General Brinton, is the fact, that some of them say that he wore a

blouse, and he was the only one that had a blouse. The others were in

full dress uniform.

Q. Did he state to you what he wanted?

A. No; he seemed to be commanding officer, and I took him to the

major's quarters. He was in a great hurry. There were several officers

with him.

Q. What was the result of his interview with Major Buffington?

A. As the major says, he made the remark to him, as he stated in his

statement, and after that this officer, with the other officers, walked

toward the entrance and went out, and I followed more leisurely. When

we arrived there, they were bringing in the wounded, and the major told

them all the wounded they had they might leave, and he ordered those

that were bringing them in, to re-join the company--these eight men

came in under the pretense that they were wounded, excepting one man,

who had brought--I think he helped carry Lieutenant Ash in, and the

major told him he would have to join his command, and he went to the

gate and found the command had moved on, and he came to me and said he

would willingly hide anywhere. He would hide in the coal-shed. He had

never fired a gun off in his life, and only belonged to the militia

three weeks.

By Mr. Means:

Q. Did the general commanding leave his command, in your opinion--the

man that wore the blouse--had he left his command, and come in here for

protection?

A. I do not think he came in here for protection.

Q. What brought him here?

A. He came in to see if he could get admittance for his troops.

Q. Did General Brinton then move on with his command?

A. As far as I know. I went down with some of these men that were

carrying the wounded, to show them the direction to the hospital; then

I returned to the gate to go for Doctor Robinson, and I do not think

they stopped there more than a minute.

Q. Did you see any mob following in the rear?

A. There was none, I am quite positive. When I went to the gate, there

was a man who keeps a beer saloon standing at the gate, and he said

there was only one man following, and he gave the name of this one man.

I went up to him and asked him, and he immediately stopped talking, and

he said he did not know the man's name.

Q. When you went for Doctor Robinson, did you see any of the mob?

A. I saw no mob. I saw quite a number of people in the street that had

come out of curiosity, hearing the firing, but they had no arms with

them at all.

Q. Did you have any conversation with these wounded men to ascertain

how they were wounded?

A. Oh! yes; I asked them all how they were wounded. One man said that

they kept firing away from the middle of the street. They had two

cannons, and loaded them up with glass and nails--little toy cannons.

He said he got struck that way two or three times.

Q. How long after Lieutenant Ash was brought into the hospital was it

before Doctor Robinson arrived?

A. I should think it was not more than five minutes, because I did not

go down all the way to the hospital--the hospital is halfway between

here and the guard-house, and I went immediately back to the gate, and

went down to Thirty-seventh street, where Doctor Robinson lives, and he

was sitting in his chair, reading the morning paper, and he came with

me immediately, and I did not think it was more than five minutes,

certainly not more than ten.

Q. How long was it before Doctor Lemoyne arrived?

A. I do not think he came until about two hours afterwards.

Q. Was there any amputation performed?

A. No, sir; they tried to perform an amputation, but Lieutenant Ash was

not strong enough.

Q. Did you learn where he was wounded--where he was when he was shot?

A. I never could learn. I did not ask him, because the doctors did not

want him to have any conversation.

Q. You do not know how far he had been carried?

A. No, sir; it was my impression he was shot near Thirty-seventh

street. Some of the men said he was shot near the round-house.

Lieutenant Dermott, who was stationed at the university here as

assistant professor in engineering, he was up here while these wounded

men were in the arsenal, and together we went over to the commissary

where their cartridge boxes were, and I found the cartridges they had

in their boxes, and they all averaged twenty rounds a piece, and one

man he had forty. Some had less than twenty.

Q. Of the soldiers?

A. Of those eight that were here. I asked him--he was an old man. In

fact, he had been wounded in the hand at the battle of Gettysburg, he

said. When they were passing them around, there were several extra

cartridge boxes, and he took one.

By Senator Yutzy:

Q. Were you in the vicinity of the crossing of Twenty-eighth street and

the railroad, the scene of the riot, on Saturday?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. At the time the military arrived there?

A. I was not there the time the military arrived there. I was there

about an hour before they arrived. I was talking with Captain Breck. He

had two six-pounder guns, and I told him they were not of much use. He

ought to have Gatling guns. He said the Philadelphia troops did have a

pair of them. I waited until my patience was exhausted, and I came

home.

Q. Did you see any of the movements of the military in that vicinity,

or while you were there?

A. They made no movement while I was there. They simply remained

stationary where they were. There were some on the hill side with their

arms all stacked.

Q. None at the crossing of the railroad, were there?

A. I am not positive about that. At any rate, I did not keep account of

them. They could get across the track very readily, for I went across.

I do not think there were any there. I think they were mostly on the

hill, and those had their guns stacked, but they were down at the

crossing and on Twenty-eighth street, talking with the people, about

the same as though they were going to have a party.

Q. That is, the soldiers were away from their command?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. Mingling with the crowd?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. In conversation with them?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. Was there any considerable number of them with their arms where they

were stacked?

A. They were stacked there, and there were several sentinels along the

line where the arms were stacked, but the men, as a rule, had their

guns stacked.

Q. They had broken ranks?

A. They had broken ranks.

Q. Did you see them make any effort to keep any portion of the track

clear?

A. Not while I was there; no, sir.

Q. How long were you there.

A. I was there three quarters of an hour, perhaps an hour.

Q. Did you see any portion of the military in ranks?

A. I saw no portion of them drawn up in line of battle, or anything

like it; no, sir; or company front either. I think the only men I saw,

were those that were without arms, walking up and down with the crowd,

talking to them, and the sentinels on post over the stacked arms.

Q. They appeared to be the only ones on duty?

A. They appeared to be the only ones on duty at that time.

Q. As the militia were passing here, did they throw away their arms or

ammunition?

A. Well, not that I saw, except that Major Buffington found a case

filled with cartridges belonging to the Gatling guns.

At this point the committee adjourned until to-morrow morning, at ten

o'clock.

PITTSBURGH, _Saturday, February 23, 1878_.

The committee met, pursuant to adjournment, at half-past ten, in the

orphans' court room, Mr. Lindsey in the chair.

All the members present.

* * * * *

O. Phillips, _sworn_:

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. State your residence and your official position in July last, and

then go on and give us the facts?

A. My residence is 344 Ridge avenue, Allegheny. I was mayor of the city

for the last three years, up to January, 1878.

Q. Of the city of Allegheny?

A. Yes; of the city of Allegheny.

Q. Just commence and give us a statement in your own way,

chronologically--give us the facts?

A. On Thursday or Friday, the 19th or 20th of July last, I had been

over in Pittsburgh during the day, and went back to my office in the

afternoon, and there I found that the railroad officials of the

Pennsylvania company had sent up the office for police assistance,

stating that a crowd of men were interfering with the running of trains

near the outer depot, and that Chief of Police Ross and ten or twelve

policemen had gone down there.

Q. The outer depot of the Fort Wayne road?

A. Yes; I jumped in a horse car and went down there myself, deeming it

my duty to go and see what was the trouble, and when I got to the outer

depot I saw a number of men walking up and down the track, and quite a

large number of men at Strawberry lane. I noticed a locomotive pass me

and go down. It was interrupted or stopped by some men climbing up on

the engine, and gesticulating in a threatening way, but what they said

I do not know, but the engine stopped, and returned to the round-house.

I went down then to where this crowd of men was, and saw it was a very

large assemblage--several hundreds--and the police force were an atom,

a mere drop in the bucket. Some of the men wanted to talk to me about

their troubles. I told them, as mayor of the city, I had nothing to do

with that. I was simply there as a representative of peace and good

order, and spoke to the men, cautioning prudence, asking them if they

realized the seriousness of what they were doing. I noticed that a man

by the name of Robert Ammon was recognized as their ring-leader. He

came up to me and introduced himself as having known me at my factory,

on the South Side, and said he would like to talk to me. I stepped

aside to converse with him, and while we were talking, men would come

up and say: "What shall we do now, Bob?" He would say: "Stand aside, I

do not want to be interrupted." He told me he had been an employé of

the railroad company six weeks or two months before that, but had been

discharged, and since that he had been around the country organizing

Trainmen's Unions. He told me he had influence to stop these troubles;

that if he had sent a telegram to Martinsburg the troubles would have

been stopped. He said it was not worth while to go to the railroad men;

he asked me to make a speech to the men; I told him that was not my

style. The men gave me their assurance they would protect the railroad

property, both day and night, and when they could not do anything

further they would send to me for police. I then left my officers

quietly mingling with these men, and then I went back to the mayor's

office, which was on Thursday or Friday, I am not sure which, or

Saturday. Word came to me that some of the supposed strikers had gone

to one of the military organizations in Allegheny, and had taken thirty

or forty arms, and had taken them down towards where the men were on a

strike, and they expected to come up in a short time and remove the

guns from Captain Bigham's armory, a company of the Nineteenth

regiment. I went over there, and, assisted by the postmaster of

Allegheny, and two or three of my police, we carried over thirty or

forty arms and ammunition and placed them in our watch-house. A

messenger came up hurriedly and said that the crowd were coming up to

take these guns from me. My force were all out in the districts, and I

then had the locks and bayonets taken off these muskets, so that if

they got the guns they would be of no service to them. On Sunday, the

day of the serious trouble, I had Knapp's battery taken out of the

armory, by some of the battery men, under the command of Captain

Walker, and these guns, four field pieces, were loaded with small

square iron nuts. We had not any ammunition. We had blank cartridges

but no balls, and I had these things loaded, and then, assisted by

citizens, armed with axe handles and wagon spokes, I had gotten from

one of the wagon-yards, and their old fowling pieces, and everything of

the sort. They posted these guns at the Allegheny end of the bridges. I

had been notified that the mob were coming over Sunday afternoon and

Sunday night to burn the Allegheny shops, and release the inmates from

the penitentiary. I notified the warden of that fact, and he kept his

force on day and night, heavily armed, for a number of days. I selected

two or three gentlemen of cool judgment and discretion, and those on

horseback, and went to Pittsburgh and rode around among the rioters on

this Sunday night to try and find out which bridge they proposed to

come over, and then hurry back and notify me, and my intention was to

concentrate all these field pieces at that bridge and stop them. I had

taken the police pretty much away from the city of Allegheny and put

them at the bridges, and sent squads of private citizens to patrol the

streets. My force consisted of about fifty-five men. I kept the police

on both day and night, until their strength was exhausted, and they

could not stand it any more. On Monday I telegraphed the Secretary of

War, and asked permission to draw five hundred muskets from the

arsenal. That permission was granted, and I sent out two wagons,

guarded by twenty-five or thirty veteran soldiers, and they went and

brought me the guns. I called a special meeting of councils on that

same day, and asked permission to increase the police force, which

permission was granted me. I swore in a hundred special policemen, and

armed them with maces. A hundred of those veteran soldiers were armed

with Springfield muskets, and we made our own ammunition and

cartridges, with either five or six buckshot. A hundred veterans were

in reserve in the armory, to come out along with the citizens at ten

taps of the big bell. The employés sent me word there were so many

tramps coming over that they could not protect railroad property, and

asked for police assistance, and I detailed a squad of policemen, and

guarded all the crossings from Irwin avenue to Strawberry lane, and

kept the crowd back. There was a meeting of these railroad employés in

Allegheny, to which they asked me to attend. I was very kindly treated

by them, and quite a number of them would come to my office and confer

with me. I received a communication from the railroad officials, Mr.

Thaw, General McCollough, indorsed by Mr. Quay and Mr. Latta, and asked

me to close the liquor saloons. I requested the chief and one or two

officers to go around and close them, and they did. I do not know

whether I had the power, but I thought the emergency required it should

be done, and I ordered them closed, and I sent officers to see that

they were kept closed. When the Governor came through, he sent for me,

and I went to see him at his car, and he asked me what protection I

had, and I told him just as I have related to you, and told him I did

not want any military until I was completely overpowered, and that I

thought I could protect the city, and if I could not, I would call on

him, and he said he would send me a thousand effective men. I had

submitted to the railroad employés in Allegheny that if they would go

down and bring these ten miles of stuff they had run down the road--all

this stuff--to Allegheny, and take the eastern bound over to

Pittsburgh, &c., I would see that their wages were paid, and then I

would take the road off their hands. The railroad company had declined

to receive the road until the stuff was brought back. On the day

proposed to raise the blockade, I went down to the depot with thirty

picked policemen, and when I got there in the dispatcher's office,

there were seven or eight hundred people, or more. I stepped upon a

pile of railroad ties, and ordered all the men that did not belong to

the railroad to step on the other side of the railroad track. Said that

they would settle their difficulties without outside assistance, and at

least four of the men went on that side of the track. There were

private detectives going through them, and they would ask, "Who is that

man?" and they told him it was Mayor Phillips, of Allegheny. I then

proposed to the men, employés of the company, to go down and bring up

the first draft of cars, knowing that if we would get the first draft

up, the back-bone of the trouble would be broken; and they all got up

in a hurrah and got the first draft up, and then all the stuff was

brought up.

Q. Then you turned it over to the railroad company?

A. Yes; the railroad company took it after the stuff had been brought

up. I know little or nothing of the trouble that took place in

Pittsburgh.

Q. What day was that that you brought up this stuff?

A. Several days afterwards. I cannot tell you the date. I do not

exactly remember the date. On Sunday, the day of the burning, there was

a committee of railroad strikers met Mr. Layng at my house, that Sunday

morning, and had a conference with him, and agreed to take care of the

property of the company, and they did it well and manfully.

Q. The first day you went out and met the crowd of several hundred,

were they composed entirely of railroad employés?

A. No, sir; they were not. Very few appeared to be railroad men.

Q. What class of men were in the crowd?

A. Workingmen--rough-looking men--men that I did not know.

Q. After the railroad employés agreed with you that they would protect

the railroad property, did they permit the crowd of roughs to remain

with them?

A. No, sir; because they sent me word that the roughs were coming

there, and they were apprehensive there would be trouble, and wanted

policemen, and they guarded all this property, until at last they said

they were tired and worn out, and asked me to protect this ten miles of

property down below. I had not any authority to go outside of the city

with police, but the railroad company agreed to pay, and I sent a

police force ten or twelve miles down the road, and protected the

property until the troubles were over.

Q. Do you know anything of the crowd trying to prevent, or making

preparations to prevent, trains from coming in with soldiers on the

Pittsburgh and Erie road?

A. We were notified there that none of the soldiers would be allowed to

come in that way. Some of the men intimated to the effect that they

would be stopped. It was in the early part of the troubles.

Q. Notified by railroad employés?

A. Some of the men notified the police, and the police told me. I do

not remember exactly how. I told the men we would not have any military

over there as long as we could do without them. A squad of men came up

and said United States soldiers had come there, and it was contrary to

the contract. I told them that that was answered simply, and that the

United States Government would send their troops when, and how, and

where they pleased, but I had seen the military authorities of

Pittsburgh, and asked them not to send any troops to Allegheny until I

called for them. I thought I could protect the city. I was assisted by

the people of Allegheny all I could ask for.

Q. Under what circumstances or condition of this order would you

consider yourself justifiable in calling on the Governor to send you

troops?

A. Well, sir, when I went down that day, and I felt I could not control

the multitude, and they attempted any threatening, I proposed to fight

them. I would not give up without. I had armed the police with

revolvers and maces. I had something myself, and when we could not

fight, I proposed to call on the military, and not till then.

By Mr. Means:

Q. You determined to make a fight before you called on the military?

A. That is the English of it.

Q. And to head the police yourself?

A. I did, sir. I head them all the time. I thought that was my place.

Q. In case of a ... occurring in any part of the city, did you regard

it as your duty to visit the point and ascertain?

A. Yes. I was up day and night for a week, and I was nearly worn out. I

kept the battery in camp in the city hall yard. Kept them there day and

night, and had these veteran soldiers sleep on the floor of city hall,

so that we could call on them at any moment.

Q. Would you consider it your duty to have called out a posse of

citizens, and to exhaust your power in that direction, before calling

on the State for military aid.

A. Most decidedly. I had arranged and published hand-bills all over the

city, that at ten taps of the bell the citizens of Allegheny were to

come forward to protect their firesides and homes. I swore in a goodly

number of them to go on duty.

Q. You did swear them in?

A. Quite a large number of them.

Q. Do you regard your authority and powers subordinate to those of the

sheriff of the county--within the limits of your city, I mean?

A. No, sir. I thought I was the chief executive, and the man the people

looked to.

Q. You regard yourself as superior within the limits of the city?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. Would you have allowed yourself to have been superseded by the

sheriff in authority or power?

A. That is pretty hard to answer. I do not think I would. I thought I

was placed there to protect the city by the people, and I would try to

do that.

Q. You would do your duty as long as anybody else would?

A. That is my idea.

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. As far as the military is concerned: if you had called for the

military, you would have considered it was your duty to give general

supervision and direction, within the limits of the city, in putting

down the disturbance?

A. I would have done all I could. I would have assisted the military

all in my power.

Q. You regard the military subordinate to the civil authorities?

A. I think so; yes, sir.

Q. Did Robert Ammon tell you how many lodges of Trainmen's Unions he

had established?

A. I do not remember the number, sir, but he said a goodly number?

Q. Did he tell you on what roads he had established them?

A. He told me he had been on different roads. Eastern and western

roads, if I remember rightly.

Q. Did he tell you the object of that Union?

A. As I gathered, it was to see about regulating the wages--to

control--to compel--that is the substance of it. A very hurried

conversation we had, and a good deal of excitement at the time.

Q. Did he say that there was a pre-arranged plan for a strike at this

time.

A. Yes, and if I remember rightly, it came a little premature--a little

too soon.

Q. Did he say that he had direction of the different strikes?

A. He said that if he sent a telegram to Martinsburg the strike would

stop, and if he would turn over his hand here, the thing would be

stopped.

By Mr. Larrabee:

Q. Does anything more of importance occur to you?

A. I only visited Pittsburgh once during the riot, and that was that

Sunday afternoon, and made a statement to the citizens that the

railroad men had agreed to protect the property. I stayed in my own

place.

Q. Did you have any talk with any of the other strikers besides Ammon

about their places?

A. No, sir. I talked with a great many of the employés. I attended

their meetings.

Q. What reason did they give for going on a strike at that time?

A. I did not hear any reason. I did not understand the strike was

coming from them at that time.

Q. They were on a strike?

A. That, on account of the wages, they could not live on what they were

getting.

Q. That was the reason they struck, because the wages were not high

enough?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. Did you hear any other cause of complaint from the men that struck?

A. No, sir; that was the substance of it.

Q. Did you learn what reductions had been made in the wages of these

men?

A. No; I did not. They told me their troubles. I listened to them

quietly and politely, but did not think it was what I was for. I told

them I was simply a representative of peace and good order, and protect

their property as well as my own.

By Senator Yutzy:

Q. There appears in a statement made by Boss Ammon, a report made

public in the _Leader_ of January 28. He says: "Meanwhile prominent

citizens came forward and supplied me with arms and ammunition for my

men." Do you know anything about that?

A. I deny it, sir, _in toto_--emphatically--that any prominent citizens

gave arms to any of the men there. They helped themselves to

arms--somebody did--at this armory. I just related how I was afraid

they were going to help themselves to some more, and I got them myself,

and carried them to the watch-house.

Q. Do you know whether there was any coöperation between Bob Ammon and

the railroad officials during these troubles, working together?

A. I do not know of my own knowledge. I would say I do not know a thing

about it, and I did not believe there was anything of the sort--work

together in harmony?

Q. Yes?

A. Not a bit of it.

Q. Here is a statement he makes in regard to you: "I pledged my honor

that they would be guilty of no violence, and they heartily and

unanimously seconded my pledge. The mayor expressed his satisfaction at

the aspect of affairs, and ordered the police off the ground. The train

dispatcher wished to retain ten policemen as a guard for the property,

and the question was referred to me whether they should remain or not.

I put it to the men, and they responded 'Do as you please about that,

Bob; you're boss now, and we'll follow where you lead.'" Mayor Phillips

said to them: "If you are determined to strike, I beg to state that I

have known Mr. Ammon from his childhood, and have full confidence in

his honor and judgment, and I don't think he would give you any wrong

advice?"

A. That is stuff. I did not know Bob Ammon more than five minutes

before that. He introduced himself to me, and he was a young man. I

could not express satisfaction with men who were doing wrong and

breaking the laws of the city. That would not do. I emphatically deny

the whole thing.

* * * * *

Thomas Furlong, _sworn_:

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. Where do you reside, Mr. Furlong?

A. I reside in Oil City, Venango county.

Q. Were you in the city of Pittsburgh in July last?

A. I was.

Q. Were you present at the scene of the riots during any of the days?

A. I was. I arrived in the city of Pittsburgh on Friday morning, about

nine o'clock, and remained here after that during the riot.

Q. I wish you would state, Mr. Furlong, what knowledge you have of any

of the police of the city of Philadelphia having fired upon any of the

troops, the soldiers?

A. Well, while working in my capacity of detective officer, I was

called to Philadelphia--the city of Philadelphia--to get evidence in

regard to certain things that occurred during the riot. While there, I

received information that some of the mayor's police had fired on the

Philadelphia soldiers during their retreat on Sunday morning, on Butler

street, on the morning of the 22.

Q. What did you learn in relation to it?

A. I saw one gentleman in Philadelphia that said he would swear he saw

a uniformed police officer fire at the Philadelphia from the curbstone

or from the pavement.

Q. Who was this gentleman?

A. I disremember his name now. I have his name and all the facts.

Q. Do you know where he lives?

A. I do know where he can be found. He lives in Philadelphia.

Mr. Lindsey: I think we hardly ought to take his testimony--what this

gentleman said. We ought to have the gentleman himself. You can go on

and state what you found out yourself about the truth, either in

admissions that the police may have made in your presence, or from

facts that you have dug up, that is, in relation to the matter you may

state, and not what the gent said.

A. All the evidence that I obtained in that line in reference to the

matter came in that way. It is hearsay evidence. There has never been

information made against this party.

Q. Against the policeman?

A. Against the policeman charged with having done this shooting. For

that reason I didn't bring these records along. I should have brought

those records if there had been information made against him, and I saw

no police officers fire at the Philadelphia soldiers myself.

Q. Have you any other evidence to show that a policeman fired upon the

Philadelphia soldiers except what was told to you by the gentleman that

you spoke of in Philadelphia?

A. I have interviewed the other gentleman upon the same subject, and

the statement of this first gentleman--Philadelphia gentleman--has been

corroborated by other parties. There is a police officer in the city at

the present time, a member of the force now, that saw a police officer,

who was a police officer at that time, on the 22d of July, saw him

engaged in supplying ammunition to be fired at the Philadelphia

soldiers.

Q. Can you give us the name of that police officer?

A. I could give you the name of that police officer and the name of the

man that supplied the ammunition. I would rather not do it, though. I

have been working in connection with our council.

* * * * *

F. S. Bissell, _sworn_:

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. Where do you reside?

A. I reside in the Eighteenth ward.

Q. What is you business?

A. Foundry business.

Q. Please state what you saw and heard of the riot, in a brief way?

A. I will state briefly, that about, I think, after twelve o'clock, on

Sunday, I had learned what had transpired in the city.--I live quite a

distance out--and I came to the city and walked down Liberty street,

and saw the wrecking, and went down past the Union depot, and waited, I

suppose, ten or fifteen minutes there, went around towards Adam's

Express depot, saw what transpired there, although I was on the

outskirts of the crowd, and although I didn't mingle in the crowd, and

learned from some parties that a meeting was to be held at the city

hall, for the purpose of rallying a number of citizens to quell the

riot or insurrection. After a number of ineffectual efforts to get a

body of citizens together, I went with a few parties down to the

Duquesne depot. I made up my mind that that would be the next place

burned.

Q. Please state where the Duquesne depot is?

A. Duquesne depot is at the foot of Liberty street, on the river, at

lower end, fronting on the Monongahela.

Q. What road is the depot on?

A. The Pennsylvania depot--it is the old Pennsylvania depot.

Q. Go on Mr. Bissell?

A. During the afternoon we arrested two parties there in the act of

firing--one in the act of firing a car, and the other inquiring how to

get into the depot--how to set it on fire. I state this briefly--these

parties have been tried. I remained around there all the afternoon,

until ten o'clock that night, and about six or half-past six, along

about there, after the elevator had burned or was about falling, a

wagon came very rapidly down street--it was one of the express

wagons--and informed some one there that the next attempt would be that

depot, that the mob were surging that way. I then started with a few

citizens, Mr. Little and McCandless and others, to get a cable to

stretch around that building, our object being to keep back the crowd,

and allow nobody inside that line if possible, so as to distinguish who

the parties might be who would come to burn it. We got a few of the

young men who belonged to the military--belonged to some of the militia

companies--to stand guard inside of the rope during the night, and some

other persons living at that place. There was nothing particularly

transpired after that that I know of. We stayed there until half-past

ten, or about that, and then went home.

By Senator Yutzy:

Q. How many men went with you to the Duquesne depot?

A. We started from the city hall. That was the organization that we

called Doctor Donnelly's brigade. They had marched up street, and I

think there was about a dozen of us remained at the depot, and we made

up our minds to stay there. This was on Sunday afternoon. We expended

our breath in trying to impress upon the citizens around about there,

that if they burned that depot, it would burn their property.

Q. Was there a large crowd of people then in that vicinity?

A. Quite a large crowd. I suppose somewhere in the neighborhood of a

thousand or more scattered around. There is a pretty large extent of

ground.

Q. Did many participate in riotous conduct there?

A. No, sir; it seemed to be a few parties. They were pretty much all

under the influence of liquor.

Q. Many of this crowd were there from curiosity?

A. A good many, I have no doubt. The report was, that they were coming

down towards the Duquesne depot, and the next place would likely be the

Duquesne depot and the bridges. That was only, doubtless, the opinions

of the people.

Q. These men you arrested there in the act of applying the torch to the

depot and the cars you speak of, were they accompanied by any

considerable number of men appearing to be participating in it?

A. A few sympathizers, and men who were standing out there appeared to

be sympathizers. That was the party who was arrested by Doctor Dixon.

He was tried.

Q. Was he a citizen of the place?

A. I think he lived down on the south side, somewhere.

Q. The other man, was he a citizen of the city?

A. I couldn't say. I don't know anything about him.

Q. Have both of those men been tried?

A. They have, sir. I think they have been tried.

Q. Were there any police in the vicinity at the time you were stationed

there?

A. No, sir; I didn't see any. We clubbed together, a number of us then,

and made up a little purse and hired a few police.

Q. Private police?

A. No; only to look after the building at night, and help us arrest

anybody that should attempt to burn.

Q. Were those men sworn in by you men as special police?

A. I think they had belonged to the police force--the men who had been

discharged, owing to the inadequacy of the funds to meet bills.

Q. Did you have any conversation with the mayor in regard to these

policemen?

A. No, sir; I had no conversation myself. We put down what we could

pay, and paid it when we were called upon.

By Senator Reyburn:

Q. Did you go down to the scene of the riot and burning on Sunday?

A. Sunday afternoon a good deal of the firing had been done before I

got to the city, and walked on down Liberty street past the

wrecking--just made a pretty quick trip.

Q. What kind of people were engaged?

A. Some of them appeared to be about as rough a crowd as I ever saw.

Q. Was there much of a crowd actively engaged?

A. I thought so. Down about the Union depot there was an immense crowd

of people carrying off all sorts of baggage--seemed to be more engaged

at that than anything else, outside of the firemen.

Q. Would it have been impossible for a force of men to have stopped

that?

A. I don't think it would have been possible. I didn't see how. I think

women would have been shot--a great many innocent people. People were

panic stricken, and every thing seemed to be upside down.

Q. Wild?

A. Yes.

* * * * *

Thomas Furlong, _re-called_:

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. Mr. Furlong, were you at the Twenty-eighth street crossing at the

time the firing occurred?

A. I was.

Q. I wish you would go on and state what you saw there?

A. I was at Twenty-eighth street nearly all day on Saturday, the 21st.

I was there at the time the train came in from the east, bearing the

Philadelphia soldiers. I followed the train from Twenty-eighth street

down to the Union depot, and when I got down there, I found the

Philadelphia soldiers had gotten out of the cars and were at lunch on

the platform, drinking coffee and eating sandwiches. I had some

conversation with them, and finally they fell into line and were

marched up the railroad track back towards Twenty-eighth street. I

started to go up with them, walking near the head of the column. The

sheriff was first in front of the troops with a squad of men, and I was

ordered to keep away from the head of the column by some of the

sheriffs men. I walked faster than they did--they made rather slow

progress. I got up to Twenty-eighth street perhaps ten minutes or

thereabouts, before the head of the column reached there. There was a

great crowd of people congregated at Twenty-eighth street, and below,

and on the hill all around there--a terrible crowd of people. As soon

as the soldiers got in sight of this crowd, they commenced shouting,

jeering, swearing, using abusive and profane language, and the closer

the soldiers got to them the more boisterous the crowd grew. The

soldiers came advancing slowly until the head of the column got almost

to where Twenty-eighth street crosses the railroad track. The crowd

didn't give way, they just stood there blockading the crossing. It was

a solid mass of people. The soldiers walked right up against them, and

I was standing, at that time, in the neighborhood of forty feet below

the lower side of Twenty-eighth street, on the east side of the track,

on the right hand side of the track going out of the depot, standing

close by the track, but about forty feet below the watch box that is

situated there. There was a young man--I don't know his name, I never

saw him--nor have seen him since, although I looked for him a good

deal, too--standing within about three feet of where I was, at the time

the soldiers marched up against this crowd. He picked up some

stones--he had some stones gathered up--a little pile of stones. He

picked up these stones, and commenced to throw down into the soldiers.

I remonstrated with him, told him he ought not to do it, the soldiers

would be likely to fire up there. He replied, they daresn't shoot. He

then pulled a revolver out of his hip pocket and fired down towards the

soldiers. When I saw him point his revolver, and I followed the

direction at that time, there was just a shower of missiles and stones

of one kind or another. Every person appeared to be throwing something;

and from the other side of the track they were throwing coal. The coal

just appeared to be raising off the cars and dropping on the soldiers.

This man fired two shots out of his pistol.

By Senator Reyburn:

Q. Did he shoot as if he was taking aim?

A. Yes he aimed toward the soldiers. I couldn't see that he took

deliberate aim at any particular person, but he fired down into the

troops.

Q. He didn't fire up into the air?

A. No, sir. We were standing on an elevated position. We were above the

soldiers, standing, perhaps, three feet higher than the soldiers were

standing. I don't see how he could have fired down there, without

hurting some of the soldiers or citizens, or some of the mob. The

people were so thick down there. There was another man standing behind

this watch-box, and he also fired into the crowd, with a revolver.

Q. How many shots were fired by the mob, before there was any firing

from the soldiers?

A. I saw smoke come from behind this watch-box. I thought at the time

it was some person. I saw a man there, this man wore a cap, and from

where I was standing, I could see him very plainly in looking that way,

and I thought he was shooting. I could see the smoke, but there was so

much noise, that I could not hear the report of the pistol. I saw two

shots fired by this man, immediately in front of me, and before the

report of his last shot quit ringing in my ears, the soldiers commenced

firing.

Q. Did you hear any command given to the soldiers to fire?

A. I didn't; I stood there for, I suppose, a minute and a half after

the mob threw coal, and stones, clubs, and missiles of that kind, at

the soldiers, and I was very much afraid that the soldiers wouldn't

fire. I was afraid that they were going to lay down their guns, and not

fire. I wanted to see them fire. I was afraid they would lay their guns

down, and not fire. In fact, I was very glad to hear them commence

firing.

Q. What effect did the firing by the soldiers have upon the mob?

A. It scattered that mob quicker than any mob I ever saw scattered

before in my life. The first shot that was fired, I thought the ball

came pretty close to where I was. I could hear it whistle, and I laid

down. The crowd was so that I did not consider it safe to run, and I

dropped down on my face right where I was standing, and I laid there

until the firing ceased, and when I got up, there was no rioter to be

seen anyplace; that is, in that immediate vicinity.

Q. Where did they go to?

A. There was a ditch or a washout; there was a ridge running diagonally

down the hill off Twenty-eighth street then, and there was an old water

course alongside of this ridge, in some places that was several feet

deep, and they piled in there and laid down on the side of the hill,

and behind coal cars and behind houses, and they got just wherever they

could.

Q. How long was the crowd in re-assembling.

A. Well. I remained there. This firing occurred shortly after five

o'clock in the afternoon--it couldn't have been quarter after five--I

think it was hardly that late--five or ten minutes after five o'clock,

perhaps--along there--and I remained there on the ground until after

six o'clock, and the crowd hadn't re-assembled on the crossing, while I

was there. A very large crowd gathered down on Liberty and

Twenty-eighth street, down on Penn and Twenty-eighth, and in that

neighborhood, there was large crowds of people, but they didn't come to

where the soldiers were--kept away from the soldiers. The soldiers,

after the firing was over, they threw out a guard line, and took

possession of the track, and didn't allow parties to walk up or down

the track.

By Mr. Means:

Q. The soldiers had entire control of the track?

A. They had entire control of the track at that time; yes, sir. I came

down town and got my supper, and after that I went to Twenty-eighth

street. At that time the soldiers were in the round-house, so I was

informed.

Q. Was this picket line still out?

A. No; I didn't find any picket. I did not go up the railroad track. I

went up Penn street at that time. I was not up on the railroad track,

and I could not say whether there was a picket line on the railroad

track or not, at that time.

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. If you were present at any of the efforts made by the railroad

company to start their trains, you might state what occurred on Friday

and Saturday?

A. On Friday I was up there all day, in the vicinity of Twenty-eighth

street--in the neighborhood, back and forward--and I saw a number of

engines making steam, and heard, from time to time, that they were

going to start trains out, and also heard the railroad strikers say

that they couldn't take any trains out. They were not going to permit

any trains to go out--any double-headers. I saw no trains go out, that

is, no freight trains. Saturday morning I saw a few cars of stock. They

came over, I believe, from Allegheny, and were taken out to the

stock-yards. There must have been, at least, a couple of hundred men on

top of the cars.

Q. What class of men?

A. They appeared to be strikers. I didn't know the men. They appeared

to me like railroad men, and a good many of them were strangers to me.

The cars were just covered with them--as many as could possibly get on.

I recollect that Monkey John Richardson, as they called him, was on the

train. I think it was his crowd. He seemed to have control of the

party.

Q. It was run by the strikers themselves?

A. I believe that the train was run by the strikers; yes, sir.

* * * * *

J. P. Moore, _sworn_:

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. Where do you reside?

A. In the city.

Q. Are you a member of the National Guard?

A. Yes, sir; adjutant general, Sixth division, for the last three

years.

Q. Adjutant, Sixth division?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. It is not necessary to go over the whole history; General Pearson

has given us a full history. I would like you to state what occurred on

Saturday, beginning with the arrival of the Philadelphia troops, and

state what came to your knowledge. Give us a full history of what

occurred after that time?

A. I accompanied General Pearson with the Philadelphia troops as far as

the outer round-house. Upon our arrival there, General Pearson had

notice of the displacement of the troops he had posted at three o'clock

in the morning.

Q. What troops were those?

A. The Fourteenth and Nineteenth regiments, and Breck's battery. He

immediately went to the crossing, and taking Major Evans with us, we

went up to Colonel Howard--not seeing General Brown--and inquired the

reason of the displacement of the Nineteenth regiment from the position

he placed it in in the morning. The general was not satisfied with the

answer of Colonel Howard, and returned, and found as we were coming

down, that the sheriff was addressing the people, or notifying them to

leave the scene. The Nineteenth was in the hospital grounds. On our

arrival at Twenty-eighth street, the general directed me to remain with

General Brinton, and he went to the telegraph office--Mr. Pitcairn's

office--and telegraph communication with the Adjutant General was

established. General Brinton then formed the First regiment, one line

facing towards the hill and one towards Liberty street, and directed

the company in grey uniform, one of which I think was the Weccacoe

Legion, and a portion of the Washington Greys, to clear the people from

between the ranks. They started on that movement, followed by the two

Gatling guns, and went up with the two guns as far as Twenty-eighth

street, when they came as far as crossing of Twenty-eighth street. In

order to move the crowd back, the Legion endeavored to make a wheel to

the left. In making that wheel, the order was given to charge bayonets,

and the front rank came to an arms port; the rear rank stepped back

about a pace, the crowd being so dense in front of them, that the men

in the front rank could not get to the position of charge bayonets. The

rear rank kept back about a pace, and they came to the charge.

Q. Who gave the order to charge bayonets?

A. I am not certain whether it was General Matthews or not. I heard

General Matthews give the order to load, but I could not say whether it

was General Matthews or a company officer that gave the command to

charge. At the same instant, a man by the name of Horn, who was about

three files from the left of the company, stooped down and passed

through the front rank, raised up and struck at General Brinton, and at

the same instant a pistol shot was fired either by the man Horn or a

man immediately in his rear. Stones were hurled, and one of the men of

the--I cannot say whether he belonged to the Greys or the Weccacoe

Legion, but it was one of the party that was charging--was struck on

the shoulder and knocked against one of the Gatling guns. There had

been no firing done by the troops at that time, but the crowd outside

were hurling epithets at the soldiers, and asking, "Why don't you

shoot, you sons of bitches. Why don't you shoot?"

By Senator Reyburn:

Q. Did they shoot or fire?

A. Some of them said: "Why don't you fire? Why don't you shoot;" and

some of them said: "Shoot, you sons of bitches! Why don't you shoot,"

General Brinton gave the order to cease firing a very few moments

afterwards. There was one point I wished to call your attention

to--this man of the Weccacoe Legion--and I believe he is the same man

Doctor Murdock spoke of yesterday--that man firing his piece three

times after instructions; wiping the blood out of his eyes, loaded and

fired his piece.

Q. Where was he struck?

A. He was struck about the head, and blood was running down over his

face.

Q. Then he wiped the blood out of his eyes and fired his piece

afterwards?

A. Yes, sir.

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. Was the command to fire given by any of the officers?

A. I think it was.

Q. What ones?

A. I could not designate the officer. I heard the word fire so

frequently between the parties outside casting their anathemas at the

soldiers. As I understood, the order came from an officer; but I could

not distinguish which one it was. I heard the order to load very

distinctly.

Q. Did you hear the order from an officer to fire?

A. I did so.

By Senator Reyburn:

Q. Which men fired? These men endeavoring to press back the crowd, did

they fire? You say they wheeled to clear the crowd off Twenty-eighth

street; did they fire into this crowd?

A. I think not, sir.

Q. Where did the firing come from?

A. From the First regiment.

Q. They were standing back by the cars, were they?

A. One line here--it was standing towards Liberty street, and the other

facing towards the hill.

Q. The two ranks--the one in front facing to the right, and the rear

facing to the left?

A. I think the front rank was facing towards Liberty street. I think

they were moved out by the left flank from Union depot.

Q. The front rank would be facing towards the hillside and the rear

rank facing towards Liberty street?

A. I think not, sir. They marched left and front. Their proper front

would be by left face. They were marched out that way; consequently the

front rank would face towards Liberty street.

Q. The other rank would face towards the hill?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. Where did this firing come from--the front rank, facing the hill?

A. The rank facing the hill fired. The first shots that were fired from

the front rank were fired towards Liberty street, and they turned round

then and commenced firing in another direction, over their heads and

through the files of officers, and General Brinton gave the order to

cease firing, with Colonel Benson and Major Lazarus. Colonel Stewart,

of the Governor's staff, who was then in citizen's clothes at that

time, came down and volunteered to assist in anything which was to be

done. Major Fife and myself went down the line and assisted in stopping

the firing.

Q. Did they fire as if they had been commanded or ordered to fire?

A. The first round or so evidenced that fact to me. Immediately after

the firing, I received an order from General Pearson to take one half a

regiment of General Loud's brigade. I reported to General Brinton the

order on General Loud, and he informed me he had seen General Pearson,

and the matter was arranged. I asked him where General Pearson was, and

he said he was in Pitcairn's office.

Q. You say General Pearson ordered you to take a portion of the

regiment?

A. To the Union depot. I reported to Brinton for an order on General

Loud.

By Mr. Larrabee:

Q. Where was General Pearson at the time the firing took place?

A. He was in Pitcairn's office.

Q. He was not present?

A. No, sir; there was no officer of the division at Twenty-eighth

street, except myself at the crossing. The cars were taken out for the

removal of the Fourteenth and Nineteenth regiments--an order had been

issued to that effect. The train was taken out and left about, maybe,

one hundred and fifty feet below Twenty-eighth street. Immediately at

the end of the train, I left Major Dickson, Captain Denney, of Colonel

Guthrie's staff, Major Fife, and Major Stroff. Major Evans went over to

the Nineteenth regiment.

By Senator Reyburn:

Q. You say General Pearson was in Pitcairn's office?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. He was not there at all--how far is that from where the firing was?

A. About eleven hundred feet, according to my estimate of it. There was

not an officer of the sixth division there except myself.

Q. Then it was impossible for him to have given the order?

A. He did not give any order to fire. General Brinton left immediately

after the firing to see General Pearson in answer to an inquiry which

was brought by Major Evans to him in regard to the firing. When I

received this order I started to report to General Brinton to get the

order spoken of a few moments ago, and I met General Brinton at

the--going into the office of Mr. Pitcairn, and received from him the

information that General Pearson was in Pitcairn's office. The first

authentic information that General Pearson had of the firing was what I

communicated to him in Pitcairn's office.

Q. What was the reason given for you sending this portion of the

regiment--it was not sent anywhere, was it--to the Union depot?

A. There was no reason assigned. It had been arranged not to send that

half regiment to the Union depot. I asked for General Pearson, and went

to ascertain the cause of it, and the general said it was not necessary

and directed me to remain there. At the request of General Brinton, he

was going to bring the Philadelphia troops into the building, and a

little after six o'clock they commenced to come in.

* * * * *

James Park, junior, being duly _sworn_, testified as follows:

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. Will you please give us your residence and business?

A. My residence is Allegheny city. My business is manufacturer of steel

and copper.

Q. I wish you to state now, in your own way, what knowledge you have of

the riots that occurred in July last, and the efforts made to suppress

them?

A. Some days previous to the Saturday when the riot was started, I was

aware of the strike on the part of the employés of the Pennsylvania

Railroad Company. On Saturday, the 21st of July, I believe it was, I

was at the Pennsylvania railroad depot at the time of the arrival of

the Pennsylvania regiments----

By Senator Reyburn:

Q. Philadelphia regiments?

A. Philadelphia, I mean, sir. I was there when they disembarked, and

during the time they were engaged in taking their lunch. I felt very

greatly exercised in reference to the whole matter, fearing that, with

the small force of military, in the event of anything that would

precipitate firing upon the people, very disastrous consequences might

follow. Seeing Mr. Cassatt on the back porch of the hotel building, I

went up to him, and cautioned him with some earnestness. I told him

that Saturday was an idle day with our workingmen, and I thought I knew

the temper of our men pretty well. Sunday would be an idle day, and it

would be great wisdom on his part not to attempt to do anything until

the following Monday.

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. What hour was that?

A. It was about four o'clock, as near as I can recollect.

Q. Before the troops went out?

A. Before they marched out. I told him it was very natural for our home

military to feel some sympathy, if it were ever so little, in behalf of

those who were termed strikers, and that they ought not to expect to

place full dependence upon their efficiency in case of anything like a

riot. He referred to the Philadelphia regiment as being composed of men

who would not fire over the heads of the mob in case of any mob being

started, but I told him that in case of necessity for firing that he

ought not to have less than ten thousand men, and that I doubted with

that force whether he would be able, in case of firing upon the people,

to quell the mob that might be precipitated upon us from the firing of

the militia, but at all events not to do anything with less than five

thousand men. He said in reply that they must have their property. That

if the State authorities will not give them possession of it they will

call upon the general Government. He took out his watch and said they

had now lost an hour and a half's time, meaning that the military

should have been marched from the hotel to the place where the great

crowd was congregated an hour and a half before the time which I am

speaking of. I left for Allegheny just after talking to Mr. Cassatt,

and went to my home on a matter of business--to see my son--and came

back, taking the car up Penn avenue, and leaving the car at Thirtieth

street. Just as I left the car the volley of firing took place. There

was an immense crowd of people on the side of the hill. From the number

that fell, I supposed there were a very great many killed, but it

turned out afterwards that two thirds who fell had fallen to roll into

a ditch that was cut on the other side of the road running up the hill,

to save themselves. I thought it strange that the firing took place

upon the people on the hillside. I could not see, from where I stood,

what was going on close to the military, but it struck me, I recollect,

at that time, as being very strange that the firing should be made

about the line of the angle of the slope of the hill. I don't know that

I can say anything more on that point. I went to my works, and I found

great excitement all over that region of the city. I went to crowds of

men, women, and children, warning them to go into their houses, for the

reason that a little while before there was a good deal of commotion on

Penn avenue, near Twenty-eighth street, and I thought giving evidence

that some fighting was going on that might reach up into the

neighborhood of these crowds of people, but I found that, with all my

efforts, I did not accomplish anything, people still remained, and a

great many run in that direction, just as people will. I cannot account

for it, but no doubt gentlemen are well aware of the fact, just as I

am, that people will do that thoughtlessly. My own son, who was just by

my side the moment the firing took place, ran and got probably a

hundred feet from me before I checked him. I told him he must not go in

that direction at all. He came to his mind in a minute, and said he did

not think what he was doing. I state this just to show how easy it is

for a crowd of people to congregate where there is any excitement,

particularly when the military are about. I went to my residence in

Allegheny and heard nothing at all what was going on, supposing

everything was quiet, and that there was no disturbance. Nor did I know

that there was anything in the way of burning of property until Sunday

morning. My partner, Mr. Charles L. Caldwell, came to my house and said

he thought I better come to the city; that something ought to be done;

that the Pennsylvania railroad property was being destroyed, and there

ought to be some effort in the way of getting up organizations to

arrest the work of the mob. He told me to go to the Chamber of

Commerce; that James I. Bennett and others would meet me there. We

repaired to the Chamber of Commerce and found the door closed, and we

went to the printing office, and finally stopped at the office of the

_Pittsburgh Post_, meeting Mr. Barr and Mr. Wakes, I think it was,

and prepared for a meeting that we had bulletined to take place at

twelve o'clock at the city hall, on Market street. That meeting was

very well attended. A great many people on the way from church noticed

the announcement on the bulletin boards, and repaired to the place of

meeting. I felt very proud, on that occasion, of the people of

Pittsburgh, and ever since that day, when away from home, I have

registered from Pittsburgh, a thing I never did before. I always

registered in Europe, and in this country, from Allegheny. Ever since

that I have registered from Pittsburgh, and always will do so. I found

wealthy men at that meeting, who pledged all that they were worth--not

five thousand or ten thousand dollars--but all that they were worth, to

put down the mob. John Moorhead, John Harper, John Slagle, and John R.

McCuen signed a pledge that they would pay their proportion of all the

necessary expenses to check that mob. A committee of twenty-five, I

think, was appointed to meet at two or three o'clock at the mayor's

office, city hall. This meeting I speak of was at the old city hall.

That committee of twenty-five convened and appointed a committee to go

to the mob and try to bring it to reason. There were no preparations to

do it then, on the part of the citizens, but it was thought that the

committee might appeal to them and stay the conflagration and

destruction of property. That committee did go there, and went into the

midst of the mob, and did appeal to them. I thought that they had about

checked the matter, and that the Union depot would be saved, but the

committee went from there to meet with some of the men who were on a

strike. The committee met a number of them--I was present during all

this time, and I know what the committee did, and do not state from

hearsay--the committee met quite a number of the railroad men, who were

there at that time--the strikers--and found them to express very great

regret at the destruction of property. We proposed to them that they

would attend an adjourned meeting, at the old city hall, to take place

at three o'clock, or half past three o'clock, and proposed that they

would organize and assist the citizens in saving the property. They

talked very nicely about it, and one of their number--I think two of

their number--attended that meeting. He was authorized to get up an

organization of those men who were then termed strikers. I was a little

too busy for some days to notice, but I believe they did make an effort

in that direction. Then this committee of public safety went to work on

Monday. I am speaking now of what took place on Sabbath afternoon. On

Monday, Pittsburgh was certainly in a very deplorable condition. I

noticed that the streets--some of them--particularly Fourth avenue and

Third street, were crowded almost from curb to curb with strangers--not

railroad men, because I think I should have recognized, from their

appearance, the class of men that work in our work-shops from this

crowd. They seemed to be composed of strangers, miners, and others from

the neighboring parts here, up and down the river. Of course, the most

of that crowd were idlers, men who would be ready to join in almost any

destruction of property. They were not, I think, citizens--probably

very few of them. Efforts were made by the committee of public safety

to get organized. The mayor sent to Washington and got permission to

take some of the Government arms. They were brought into the city, and

General Negley and others were called in to assist, and, I think, the

preparations that were made were done in a very short time, because on

Tuesday the city seemed to be entirely quiet, and these crowds started

for home. One very large crowd, that came down from the upper

Monongahela river, were met by the mayor and General Negley, and many

citizens that we organized, some with weapons and arms, and they agreed

to go home, and said they had understood that men, women, and children

were being shot down by the soldiers from a distance, and they came

down to protect them, but they agreed to go home quietly. I believe I

have told the story about as near as I can recollect--about all I know

of it.

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. Anything in relation to the Duquesne depot that you know of?

A. At the meeting on Sunday, we started organizations, and were very

much pleased to find our young men, particularly, falling into line. I

think it could not have been five minutes after the announcement was

made, that we wanted all to organize a company to go to the Duquesne

depot--fearing that it might be set on fire--I think it was not five

minutes after that, that I noticed, I think a hundred, probably,

marching right past where I stood. I was presiding at the meeting, and

I believe they were led in the wrong direction--they were taken up

Third street, I believe--some person took them up to the elevator.

Another company that formed--I do not know how many--went down to the

Duquesne depot to protect that.

Q. Was any attempt made to destroy the Duquesne depot?

A. I understand there was some arrests there. I was present at the

mayor's office when a man was brought in there, and Doctor Dickson and

some others testified that he was caught in the act.

By Senator Reyburn:

Q. Do you know anything about the events before the strike, the dispute

between the railroad employés and the railroad company--the causes

leading to these disturbances?

A. Nothing more than from general information, that it was because of

reduction of wages, and that the men thought the reduction was more

than they were willing to accept, and that it had eventuated in a

strike. I understand from quite a number that they were not committing

any violence. Mr. Shinn, vice president of the Allegheny Valley

railroad, and Mr. McCargo, superintendent of the Allegheny Valley

railroad, said to me just before the arrival of the Philadelphia

regiment, that there was no effort made at all by the railroad strikers

to prevent the running out of trains. I think I can recollect very

nearly Mr. McCargo's words. Says he, "Mr. Park, you or I can get on a

locomotive and run out any train, and nobody will disturb a hair of our

heads." He then followed that up by saying the difficulty was to get

anybody to go on to a locomotive.

Q. To man the train?

A. That understood the moving of a locomotive, and running a train out.

After seeing Mr. Cassatt, after this interview with Mr. McCargo, I

mentioned that to Mr. Cassatt, and he said their presence intimidated

them, and he said they made no act of resistance; but their presence

intimidated persons--that the strikers were on the ground or on the

road, intimidating persons that would take out trains.

Q. Was any threats made by yourself and other citizens to prevent a

collision between the military and the people? You related an interview

with Mr. Cassatt. Was there any other threats made by citizens like

yourself to prevent a collision?

A. I don't know of anything done in that way. I suppose persons would

have felt that they were interfering. I felt a little in that way. When

I was advising Mr. Cassatt, I felt that the State, or the railroad

company, or one power, was directing that sheriff--somebody was

directing the whole movement, and believed for me to give advice on

that, probably it was a little premature, or at least Mr. Cassatt might

have thought it was uncalled for, and I was greatly in fear that some

stone might be thrown or pistol shot, and that the military might fire,

and I felt sure the strength was not there if the mob was started--if a

mob was precipitated upon the citizens of Pittsburgh, there was not

military enough to put it down.

Q. Did you know that the trains had been stopped during Thursday and

Friday?

A. Yes; I knew by general rumor, and was told by a great many that the

Pennsylvania railroad were not able to operate.

Q. Why didn't you make a suggestion to the railroad officials sooner?

A. I never thought of doing it; but if I had thought of doing it, I

would have thought that they might have told me to attend to my

business, just as I would have done, if I had any difficulty at my

works, and railroad men came to advise me--"you mind your own business,

and I will attend to my strikers."

Q. In the suggestions that you made to Mr. Cassatt, did you suggest any

plan to preserve the property and prevent its destruction from Saturday

until Monday?

A. I said the better way would be to wait. I am not very clear in my

recollection. I tried to fix it upon my memory, but it is a little

misty just how I put that to Mr. Cassatt; but as near as I can

recollect, it was like this--of course, in substance it would be the

same--that Saturday was an idle day, and Sunday would be an idle day,

and to-night these people would be in their beds and with the force he

had--he said, I think, eight hundred men would be expected in

momentarily--I said, as near as I can recollect, that to-night these

people will be in their beds, and with the force you will have, take

possession of your grounds, but don't attempt to move any train until

Monday. I recollect very clearly impressing that upon him, not to move

a train until Monday. I knew on Monday all the mills would be running

and the men would be at their places, and if there was any little

disturbance in the moving of trains, the civil authorities could manage

it, even if the military didn't take any part in it.

By Senator Reyburn:

Q. From your knowledge of the kind of people, did you regard it as

necessary to call the military to suppress them?

A. No, sir; I didn't. I think it was a mistake, a very serious mistake.

I knew that the day police of Pittsburgh had been discharged--that is,

most of them, and that the mayor was left with a very small force, but

I knew at the same time, that the class of men that was engaged by the

railroad companies--they are a pretty intelligent set of men--they can

be reasoned with, and if arrangements had been made to have had their

ground protected by police, not allowing any one to come up

Twenty-sixth or Twenty-eighth streets--done that at night, I don't

think there would have been any trouble. I don't think any of those men

that were termed strikers--I think they would have hardly violated the

law in knocking down police, if the police had said the orders were

that nobody was to come. I forgot to say that very soon after the

firing, after I had warned these little crowds on Penn street to go

into their houses, I went over to my mill--the mills generally stopped

about half past three o'clock, sometimes as late as four o'clock, and I

found that some of our men had been a good deal excited--one man had

rushed into the office, and wanted to know from our time-keeper if his

gun was at home. He told him he must not have his gun, must not attempt

to go for it, because if he did he would alarm his wife, who was then

sick, but he went for, and brought his gun back, and handed it to our

time-keeper, and went out in the mill for something, and the

time-keeper gave it to our manager, and he took it back in our office,

and broke the stock of it, then our time-keeper bet five dollars with

this man that he had not a gun, and the gun was brought in, and it was

broke up, and this man rejoiced over it, and said he had been making a

fool of himself, he was very glad he had come to his senses, and he

didn't take time to reason, nor did, I think, any of these men. Their

general life and their education and training has been more or less

different from yours or mine. If your son had been in that crowd or

your brother, and you had heard he was shot, you would have just done

as I would have done, sat down and reasoned whether he had any business

to be there, and you would not have run in and shot down Philadelphia

soldiers, or any other soldiers. They just heard somebody was killed,

and they rushed for arms, all being done on the impulse of the moment,

and done in a way that you or I would not have done, because if my son

had been there and shot, I would have lamented it terribly, but I would

not have gone there with a pistol or gun. I would have reasoned,

undoubtedly, as you would have done, that he had no business to be

there, or ought to have been home. These men didn't reason in that way.

By Senator Yutzy:

Q. Have you not had quite a number of strikes among the employés in the

mills or factories in this vicinity, during the last five or six years?

A. I can call to mind quite a number of them.

Q. You are a manufacturer?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. Employ a large number of men, do you not, sir?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. Have you ever had any strikes in your works?

A. Yes, a number.

Q. Did the strikers attempt to prevent other men from working, that you

employed?

A. Not by force. I never knew of any attempt by force. They did it by

persuasion. I have twenty odd men out now. My rule is never to take any

man into my employ that has ever struck on me. I will keep them from

starving, with money, but not with work. I don't think there is any

occasion for a strike. We require notice, and we give notice, and let

every man know that if he ever strikes, he never can work for us as

long as God spares me on this earth. I will lend him money, or do

anything for him, but he will never work for me.

Q. In the different strikes, in your works, was there ever any violence

used by the strikers, to prevent men from working, you put in there?

A. I don't recollect of any cases.

Q. Did you ever have any difficulty in getting strikers

quiet--dispersed from your works?

A. No, sir; they were always very quiet, and when told to

leave--sometimes they were not inclined to go out, and they called to

me and I requested them to go, spoke to them mildly about it, and told

them that my rules were to be carried out. I did once have to bring in

a policeman, but the man was very drunk and did not know what he was

doing. I am satisfied that if he had been sober, he would have left the

building without calling in a policeman.

Q. You have had strikes in the city where there have been a larger

number engaged than in this?

A. Oh, yes; we have had strikes where the aggregate number would have

amounted to many more than those engaged at the Pennsylvania Railroad

Company's works. We have had ten strikes here.

Q. Was there any violence resulting from them at all?

A. No; I don't recollect only in the case of a strike on the part of

the puddlers, probably about twenty-five years or so ago. There was

some little trouble at Bailey's mill. They brought on some eastern

puddlers, and when they attempted to start the furnaces--it was

principally women, the wives of some of the men--they struck them with

stones a little, and had some few knock-downs, but they soon quieted.

Q. Have you had any difficulties lately--any violence, that is the last

few years?

A. No, sir; none at all.

Q. Have you not had a strike among your puddlers, within the last few

years?

A. Yes; about two years and a half or three years ago, and I couldn't

employ them again just for the reason that my rules were, that any man

that strikes can never work for me again, and I thought, of course, as

there were so many idle puddlers at that time, that I would have no

trouble in starting up my puddling forge. A puddler came around and

says, "I can get men and can start you puddling." Says I, "I would like

very much to start." Says he, "I can get up a gang by Monday." Says he,

"Did you have any trouble?" Says I, "Yes; they struck." Well, they

wouldn't work. That lasted for three or four months, and I concluded

that some determination had been agreed upon, that these men that

struck, must work for me, and I determined they never would--I

determined before we started up. I would lend them money at any time,

but they might starve, or their families starve, for want of work. I

dedicated that forge to negro labor. My men was a little disposed to

interfere by violence with the men who engaged themselves to carry on

that work, but I have never known any serious interference with my

negro workmen at all. We have had peace and quiet, so far as I can

learn, and white puddlers have never molested them at all, and we have

had them two or three years.

Q. Still working?

A. Yes; we pay them the same price as white men, because I told them

when they came that we would pay them just the same price as white

puddlers got in other mills, and we have had to do so.

By Mr. Dewees:

Q. Have you an idea how many employés are employed in the different

mills in the cities of Allegheny and Pittsburgh?

A. I guess twenty or twenty-five thousand, probably; that is merely a

guess. I would have to think over the number of mills. I suppose

something like twenty thousand, and probably more.

By Senator Yutzy:

Q. You are speaking about a strike about twenty or twenty-five years

ago. Have you any recollection of the military being called out at that

time?

A. I don't recollect of them being called out--they might have been.

Q. At any other time within the last twenty-five years, were the

military called out to preserve the peace?

A. I think one time I recollect of them being called out--I think it

was at the time of starting the negro puddlers at the bolt company's

works. I think then the military was called on; that is about two or

three years ago.

Q. Was there any serious opposition to those new men working there?

A. There was some quarreling and knocking down. I think there was

nothing very serious.

Q. As a general thing, in strikes among your men here in the mills or

manufactories, you think it is bad policy to call out the military to

suppress any trouble that might arise from them?

A. Yes; I do so. I think so for the reason that the military would do

very well, if they could overawe, but the fear is that somebody would

throw a stone, or somebody would fire a pistol, and then they would

fire into the citizens. You understand as well as I do, that you put up

proclamations and warn people to disperse, and you can go in and talk

and plead with them, and still the crowd will be there, and it is

almost certain that innocent people will be shot down, if there is any

firing.

Q. In your testimony, you state you saw Mr. Cassatt in the rear porch

of the Union depot, and advised him not to attempt to move trains on

Saturday, as the men in your mills and manufactories were idle on that

day--not to attempt to move trains until Monday--what reply did you get

from him to that advice?

A. He said they must have possession of their property. If the State

authorities did not give it to them, they would call on the general

Government, taking his watch out, and said that they had now lost an

hour and a half. That is about as near as I can recollect. The idea was

they had lost an hour and a half in moving the Philadelphia regiment up

to Twenty-eighth street--up to where the crowd was congregated over

their property; that is, the railroad men as a general thing, on their

property. I think the citizens were, as a general thing, on the

hillside, as near as I can understand it--the most of the citizens,

spectators, &c., were up on the hillside--some of them were up as high

as the pest-house, on the hill. One young lad was shot there through

the wrist--he was in a line with the pest-house.

Q. Were you a member of the citizens' committee waiting on Mr. Cassatt

at that time?

A. No, sir. We had no citizens' committee at that time.

Q. Were you a member of the committee that waited on the Governor and

the officials of the railroad company, at any time after that, to give

him some advice?

A. Yes.

Q. State that?

A. I have forgotten the day. I don't recollect the day he arrived, but

I think it was--I don't recollect the day he did arrive--it was some

time in the week after the riot.

Q. The latter part of the week?

A. Probably it was; by the way, it was Saturday. I recollect very

distinctly, because I spoke of Sunday just about as I did to Mr.

Cassatt. Joseph F. Dilworth, Mr. Johnson, and myself were appointed a

committee to visit the Governor. We got word to meet him Saturday

morning at Thirty-third street, in a car, and we went up there and met

him. I believe I did the first talking, and advised that nothing should

be done until Monday to take possession of the ground. He said he was

going to do nothing in a hurry--was going to take his time, and move

with caution.

Q. Was this the conference with the Governor?

A. With the Governor himself. He said he was not out here in the

interest of any railroad, but in the interest of peace, or something to

that effect. He left me to understand that he didn't come to look after

the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, but to look after the safety of this

community. He had an impression that our water-works were stopped, and

he did just as he said he would do. He waited quietly and did not do

anything at all until Saturday night, until everybody was in bed. He

put out pickets along Penn avenue, and up and down the streets, to keep

everybody from going on the railroad property, and then commenced to

work, and tore up the track and relay. That could have been done before

the Governor came.

Q. Could the trains have been run.

A. I think so. I don't think there would have been any disturbance at

all. If they had the trains there, they could have taken them out

without any disturbance.

Q. In your opinion, from what you know, would there have been any

disturbance, if they had attempted to move trains on Saturday or

Sunday, when the Governor was here, at the time you had this conference

with the Governor?

A. I think there would have been no disturbance--I am satisfied that

the men who were designated as railroad strikers, regretted, probably

as much as any other set of men, the destruction of the railroad

property, and probably they would have been about as ready as any other

men to have interfered with any outside people annoying the

Pennsylvania Railroad Company in its moving trains. They might not have

gone on to the locomotives and moved them themselves, but if any

persons could have been procured to take out the trains, I don't think

that the railroad strikers would have interfered.

Q. Would the crowd of people have interfered on that Saturday?

A. I don't think they would have interfered on that Saturday--that was

about a week after the riot.

Q. Did I understand you to say you appealed to the Governor not to

attempt to move trains on that Saturday?

A. Yes, I did.

Q. Did you think at that time there might be trouble?

A. I think so. I thought it was wise to take time, and do nothing until

Monday.

* * * * *

J. Guy McCandles, _sworn_:

By Mr. Lindsey:

Q. State whether you were present at the firing of the militia, on

Saturday afternoon?

A. I was.

Q. Go on and state what you saw, and what occurred.

A. I was there the whole of Saturday. Went up Saturday morning, and was

there during the day, and was there at the time of the firing, and when

the Philadelphia troops came up, and whenever the troops came up, the

crowd increased in front of them on Twenty-eighth street, until it was

very dense, and there was a company deployed across the street to push

them back. They marched up in front, with arms port, and marched up

against the crowd, in order to push them back, but it was too dense,

they could not do it. They retreated back a step or two, and charged

bayonet. I was up on the hill, about two or three rods up on the hill,

so that I could not hear any orders given of anything of that kind--I

could only see their movements. I could see all their movements well.

They attempted to charge bayonets, walked up slowly, got nearer and

closer every moment, until the bayonets began to infringe on the crowd.

Then one of the crowd got hold of a bayonet, and tried to pull the

musket from the soldier. He jerked it from him, and he then gave him a

sort of a push, and knocked him, I do not know which. Right immediately

back of them, I saw a man draw out a pistol, and shoot right into the

crowd. At the same time, there was two or three other pistol shots

heard at different points. Almost simultaneously, we had a scattering

fire from the soldiery, directed mostly right up on the hill towards

where our troops were lying.

Q. Hid you hear any order to fire given?

A. I did not.

Q. How close were you?

A. About three rods off, at least. I could not have heard an order to

fire. There was a good deal of noise and confusion.

Q. How many were wounded in the conflict?

A. I really don't know. I saw about fifteen or sixteen that were

wounded, around on the hill where we were standing. I saw about that

many there. There was one of the soldiers that was killed, shot through

the head, twenty or thirty feet off, and when I went to him he was

dead--a soldier of the Nineteenth regiment. I thought it was one of our

own men. He was dead when we reached him. It was not one of our men,

but the Nineteenth regiment, that was lying on our right and front.

There was a very heavy volley of stones thrown into the soldiers

previous to the fire.

Q. You were surgeon of the Fourteenth?

A. I was surgeon of the Fourteenth regiment.