THE WHIRLPOOL.
From Niagara Falls, long familiar with their various features, as above
described, the author of these pages took it in his head to make a
distant excursion, in the summer of 1830, into the wild regions of the
_North West_, tenanted principally by _savages_, as they are commonly
called, but more reverently by the _aboriginal_ inhabitants of North
America. The method selected of getting there was by the Lakes, and the
point of embarkation, Buffalo.
It is proper, perhaps, for the information of the British reader, to
describe, briefly, the map and geographical relations of this region.
There are probably few who have looked upon the map of North America,
that have not had the curiosity to ascertain the situation of Niagara
Falls. And they have found them upon that current, which connects Lake
Ontario with Lake Erie, called Niagara river, and in length about
thirty miles--it being one of the channels in connexion, by which
the waters of that vast and notorious chain of inland seas, in North
America, are disembogued into the gulf of St. Lawrence, and thence
into the Atlantic. The Falls are distant ten miles from the southern
margin of Lake Ontario, and twenty miles from the foot of Lake Erie,
and four miles south of Queenston and Lewiston heights, the latter
constituting the elevation, or brow above Lake Ontario, down which the
waters of Lake Erie must plunge in their way to the ocean. And the
deep chasm between the falls and the heights, occupied by the river
after its fall, four miles in length, before the agitated current
finds a breathing place in the open plains below, and prepares itself
to glide placidly into the lake, is supposed by geologists to have
been formed by the wear and tear of this tremendous cataract, for a
succession of ages not to be counted. For the geologist, especially if
he be a Frenchman, does not deem himself obliged to regard the world’s
history, as suggested by the scriptural account of the Deluge, and of
the antediluvian periods. Doubtless, if the wear of this chasm is to be
estimated by its progress since known to the present civilized world,
and according to this theory, it will be quite necessary to resort to
some such authority as the Chinese historical records, or to the theory
of a philosopher’s brain, to solve this geological problem.[2]
It may not be uninteresting, however, before we enter more extensively
into our geographical lesson, that a moment here should be occupied in
allusion to a Whirlpool, which is to be found in this part of Niagara
river, a little more than half way from the Falls to Queenston, and
which of its kind is not less remarkable than the Falls themselves.
At this point, the river, in its compressed, deep, and rapid career,
makes a sudden turn, or sharp angle, the effect of which has been to
wear out and form a basin of considerable extent in a precipitous bank
two hundred feet high, in which the waters of the river, as they come
rushing from above, take a sweep before they can escape by the angle,
which interrupts the channel, and find their passage in a downward
course:--by which it will be seen, that a plural number of currents at
this point must necessarily cross each other between the surface and
the bed of the river, in the formation of this remarkable phenomenon.
It uniformly happens, in the great variety of floating materials,
descending the river, such as logs and lumber of various sorts, that
portions of it are detained for days, and sometimes for weeks, sweeping
the circuit of this basin, and every few moments returning by the draft
of the whirlpool, and as they approach the vortex, are drawn in with
great rapidity, and submerged to descend no one knows how deep, until
by-and-by, following the currents, they appear again on the surface of
the basin, to make the same circuit, and again to be drawn into the
same vortex. It has sometimes happened, that the bodies of persons who
have had the misfortune to get into the rapids above the Falls, and
to be drawn down the awful cataract, or who have been drowned between
the two points, after the usual process of decomposition has lightened
their specific gravity, and raised them to the surface, have been seen
for days floating around this whirlpool, and making the customary and
successive plunges, to which every thing, that comes within its reach,
is doomed without the possibility of rescue.
It also happened, during the last war between the United States and
Great Britain, (may there never be another contest so unnatural) that
a British soldier upon a raft of palisades, which had been cut on the
margin of this basin for the fortifications at Queenston, was sent
adrift into this whirlpool by the parting of a rope connected with
the shore, in the attempt to float the raft out of the basin into the
river below. The force of the currents not being duly estimated, as the
raft approached the vortex, drawn by the hands of other soldiers on
shore, and claiming a passage at what was deemed a prudent distance,
the too feeble cord snapped asunder to the amazement and horror, not
only of the unfortunate man afloat, but equally of his comrades, who
were compelled, without any means or hope of extending relief, to
witness the unhappy fate of the devoted victim. In a moment the raft
was seen careering with increased rapidity towards the visible and open
centre of the whirling waters, where its immediate and total wreck was
justly deemed inevitable; and down it went, and the man upon it, with
“convulsive splash,” and now nothing was seen. The spectators shrieked
in sympathy. A soldier has his fellow feeling. For he is a man. Had
their comrade fallen in battle, they might have trampled on his carcass
in the onset of a charge, in disregard of his sufferings. And when
they should come to bury him, they might say: “Thou hast died nobly.”
But that he should be thus unexpectedly and fearfully swallowed up
by the flood, their nerves were ill prepared for the shock. He was
gone, and with his disappearance disappeared all hope. But what was
their surprise, while, with vacant stare and every feeling astounded,
their feet fixed immoveably to the earth, they gazed upon the scene,
the raft entire, and their comrade clinging to it, suddenly shot up
on the surface of the waters, and seemed to be floating back to their
embrace. “Well done! bravo!” they cried, rending the pent up region
with their gratulations, and clapping their hands and leaping for joy.
Alas! instead of making towards the shore, or coming within reach of
the throw of a line, (for every one was now in stretch of all his
powers to afford relief, and the unfortunate man crying for help,) the
raft was borne irresistibly along the current before described, and in
a few moments began again its rapid sweep towards the vortex. Again
the men on shore were thrilled with horror in expectancy of the fate
of their companion--and he, smiting his breast in despair, fell upon
his knees, lifting his face towards heaven, and seemed to be making
his last commendations of himself to the mercy of God, and the next
moment down again he plunged, and was swallowed up in the deep. His
comrades stood still, and gazed upon the vacant waters, awaiting in
breathless anxiety the emergence of the severed fragments of the raft.
For, notwithstanding it had been firmly bound together to conflict with
the violent forces of the passage, there was little reason to expect
that it would sustain unbroken the second shock of such encounter, as
that to which it was now doomed; much less, that their luckless comrade
would appear again adhering to its parts. Nevertheless, to their
unspeakable joy, the raft and the man emerged as before. The welcome
of this second preservation for a moment rekindled hope, and suggested
every possible expedient to accomplish a connexion between the shore
and the raft. But all in vain. The unfortunate man, in the agony of
his despair, supplicated their aid. But what could they do? Again,
the raft and its yet living tenant were on their wheeling and rapid
circuit towards the fearful vortex. Again he fell upon his knees--and
again plunged into the deep, and disappeared. Who now could hope in
such a case?--Even if he should emerge again, it would only be to make
the same round, and fall again into the power of the same merciless
and insatiate appetite. Yet he did emerge, and bade farewell to his
comrades, and they bade farewell to him: “God bless you!” said he.
“God have mercy on you!” said they, in broken accents. “God have mercy
on me!” he cried--and again he disappeared in the whirl of the waters.
The story is too painful. How much more so--how indescribably
agonizing, even to the soldier inured to the sight of death, to have
witnessed the scene! This was a new, an unknown form of death. It was
death inflicted, and life brought back, only to die again, and again
to live to face death again--and yet again. How dreadful to those who
saw! How much more dreadful to the sufferer! For them to see him, and
not to be able to help him--for him to approach and face the aspects of
that doom for _once_--we will not undertake to say what it was. To have
once _experienced_ all its horrors, and then to be brought again before
it, and to be compelled to taste it in such quick and rapid succession,
and each repetition being more horrible by the experimental knowledge
of what it is--who can conceive of it! The Norwegian maelstrom is
awful to think of. But the ship, that is drawn into it, returns no
more. Suppose the current of some boiling eddy should bring her to the
surface of the sea again, and her crew breathe again, only to face the
same horrors a second time--and a third! Would they not say: “O God,
forbid the repetition, since we cannot live.” Such was the condition
of our ill-fated victim of Niagara’s Whirlpool. Death took him into
his embrace, inflicted on him all its pangs, and then threw him back,
as if in vengeance, only to draw one breath of life; and then grasped
and tortured him again, then threw him back to life; and then stretched
forth his hand, and seized him again. And at every approach, Death
seemed to say: Behold, how terrible I am!
Did he rise again?--Aye, he did. And if the story may be believed, the
raft and the man continued this perpetual round, until the intelligence
was conveyed to Queenston, some three miles below, and a boat drawn out
of the river, and transported on wheels, and launched from the lofty
bank of two hundred feet, down through the trees upon the basin, and
the man was taken off to serve yet longer, and fight the battles of his
king. And for aught that is known by us, he is still in his regiment.
Scores of times he faced the frowning terrors of the scene,--made the
deep plunge as many times,--took breath at every interval--and was
saved at last.[3]