The natives call it Cowry, the colonists Satin-Bird."_Austral English

<hw>Satin-Robin</hw>, n. a Tasmanian name for the

Satin Fly-catcher, Myiagra nitida, Gould.

<hw>Satin-Sparrow</hw>, n. Same as Satin-Robin

(q.v.).

<hw>Satinwood</hw>, n. a name applied to two Australian

trees from the nature of their timber--Xanthoxylum

brachyacanthum, F. v. M., N.O. Rutaceae, called also

Thorny Yellow-wood; Daphnandra micrantha, Benth.,

N.O. Monimiaceae, called also Light Yellow-wood

and Sassafras (q.v.).

<hw>Saw-fish</hw>, n. a species of Ray, Pristis

zysron, Bleek, the Australasian representative of the

Pristidae family, or Saw-fishes, Rays of a

shark-like form, with long, flat snouts, armed along each

edge with strong teeth.

1851. `Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van

Diemen's Land,' vol. i. p. 223 [J. E. Bicheno, June 8, 1850,

in epist.]:

"Last week an old fisherman brought me a fine specimen of a

Saw-fish, caught in the Derwent. It turned out to be the

Pristis cirrhatus,--a rare and curious species, confined

to the Australian seas, and first described by Dr. Latham in

the year 1793."

<hw>Sawyer</hw>, n. (1) Name applied by bushmen in New

Zealand to the insect Weta (q.v.). (2) A trunk embedded

in the mud so as to move with the current--hence the name: a

snag is fixed. (An American use of the word.) See also

Snag.

1873. J. B. Stephens, `Black Gin,' p. 22:

"By Fitzroy's rugged crags,

Its `sawyers' and its snags,

He roamed."

<hw>Sceloglaux</hw>, n. the scientific name of the genus

containing the New Zealand bird called the Laughing Owl

(see under Jackass). The name was given by Kaup in

1848; the bird had been previously classed as Athene by

Gray in 1844. It is now nearly extinct. Kaup also gave the

name of Spiloglaux to the New Zealand Owl at the same

date. The words are from the Greek glaux, an owl,

spilos, a spot, and skelos, a leg.

<hw>Scent-wood</hw>, a Tasmanian evergreen shrub, Alyxia

buxifolia, R. Br., N.O. Apocyneae, of the dogbane

family.

<hw>Schnapper</hw>, n. or <hw>Snapper</hw>, a fish

abundant in all Australasian waters, Pagrus unicolor,

Cuv. and Val. The latter spelling was the original form of

the word (one that snaps). It was gradually changed by the

fishermen, perhaps of Dutch origin, to Schnapper, the

form now general. The name Snapper is older than the

settlement of Australia, but it is not used for the same fish.

`O.E.D.,' s.v. Cavally, quotes:

1657. R. Ligon, `Barbadoes,' p. 12:

"Fish . . . of various kinds . . . Snappers, grey and red;

Cavallos, Carpians, etc."

The young are called Cock-schnapper (q.v.); at a year

old they are called Red-Bream; at two years old,

Squire; at three, School-Schnapper; when they

cease to "school" and swim solitary they are called

Natives and Rock-Natives. Being the standard by

which the "catch" is measured, the full-grown Schnappers

are also called Count-fish (q.v.). In New Zealand,

the Tamure (q.v.) is also called Schnapper,

and the name Red-Schnapper is given to Anthias

richardsoni, Gunth., or Scorpis hectori, Hutton.

See quotation, 1882.

1827. P. Cunningham, `Two Years in New South Wales,' vol. i.

p. 68:

"King-fish, mullet, mackarel, rockcod, whiting, snapper, bream,

flatheads, and various other descriptions of fishes, are all

found plentifully about."

1846. J. L. Stokes, `Discoveries in Australia,' vol. i.

p. 261:

"The kangaroos are numerous and large, and the finest snappers

I have ever heard of are caught off this point, weighing

sometimes as much as thirty pounds."

[The point referred to is that now called Schnapper Point, at

Mornington, in Victoria.]

1882. Rev. J. E. Tenison-Woods, `Fish of New South Wales,'

p. 39:

"The genus Pagrus, or as we term it in the vernacular,

`schnapper,' a word of Dutch origin . . . The schnapper or

snapper. The schnapper (Pagrus unicolor, Cuv. and Val.)

is the most valuable of Australian fishes, not for its superior

excellence . . . but for the abundant and regular supply . . .

At a still greater age the schnapper seems to cease to school

and becomes what is known as the `native' and `rock-native,'

a solitary and sometimes enormously large fish."

1896 `The Australasian,' Aug. 28, p. 407, col. 5:

"The fish, snapper, is so called because it snapped. The

spelling with `ch' is a curious after-thought, suggestive of

alcohol. The name cannot come from schnapps."

<hw>School-Schnapper</hw>, n. a fish.

A name given to the Schnapper when three years old.

See Schnapper.

<hw>Scorpion</hw>, n. another name for the New South

Wales fish Pentaroge marmorata, Cuv. and Val.; called

also the Fortescue (q.v.), and the Cobbler.

<hw>Scotchman</hw>, n. a New Zealand name for

a smaller kind of the grass called Spaniard (q.v.).

1895. W. S. Roberts, `Southland in 1856,' p. 39:

"As we neared the hills speargrass of the smaller kind,

known as Scotchmen,' abounded, and although not so strong

and sharp-pointed as the `Spaniard,' would not have made

a comfortable seat."

1896. `The Australasian,' Aug. 28, p. 407, col. 5:

". . . national appellations are not satisfactory. It seems

uncivil to a whole nation--another injustice to Ireland--to

call a bramble a wild Irishman, or a pointed grass, with the

edges very sharp and the point like a bayonet, a Spaniard. One

could not but be amused to find the name Scotchman applied to a

smaller kind of Spaniard.'

<hw>Scribbly-Gum</hw>, n. also called White-Gum,

Eucalyptus haemastoma, Sm., N.O. Myrtaceae. See

Gum.

1883. F. M. Bailey, `Synopsis of Queensland Flora,' p. 174:

"Scribbly or White-Gum. As regards timber this is the most

worthless of the Queensland species. A tree, often large, with

a white, smooth, deciduous bark, always marked by an insect in

a scribbly manner."

<hw>Scrub</hw>, n. country overgrown with thick bushes.

Henry Kingsley's explanation (1859), that the word means

shrubbery, is singularly misleading, the English word conveying

an idea of smallness and order compared with the size and

confusion of the Australian use. Yet he is etymologically

correct, for Scrobb is Old English (Anglo-Saxon) for

shrub; but the use had disappeared in England.

1833. C. Sturt, `Southern Australia,' vol. i. c. i. p. 21:

"We encamped about noon in some scrub."

1838. T. L. Mitchell,' Three Expeditions,' vol. i. p. 213:

"A number of gins and children remained on the borders of the

scrub, half a mile off."

1844. J A. Moore, `Tasmanian Rhymings' (1860), p. 13:

"Here Nature's gifts, with those of man combined,

Hath [sic] from a scrub a Paradise defined."

1848. W. Westgarth, "Australia Felix,' p. 24:

"The colonial term scrub, of frequent and convenient use in the

description of Australian scenery, is applicable to dense

assemblages of harsh wild shrubbery, tea-tree, and other of the

smaller and crowded timber of the country, and somewhat

analogous to the term jungle."

1859. H. Kingsley, `Geoffrey Hamlyn,' vol. ii. p. 155

[Footnote]:

"Scrub. I have used, and shall use, this word so often

that some explanation is due to the English reader. I can give

no better definition of it than by saying that it means

`shrubbery.'"

1864. J. McDouall Stuart, `Exploration in Australia,' p. 153:

"At four miles arrived on the top, through a very thick scrub

of mulga."

1873. A. Trollope, `Australia and New Zealand,' c. v. p. 78:

"Woods which are open and passable--passable at any rate for men

on horseback--are called bush. When the undergrowth becomes,

thick and matted, so as to be impregnable without an axe, it is

scrub."

[Impregnability is not a necessary point of the definition.

There is "light" scrub, and "heavy" or "thick" scrub.]

1883. G. W. Rusden, `History of Australia,' vol. i. p. 67

[Note]:

"Scrub was a colonial term for dense undergrowth, like that of

the mallee-scrub."

1885. R. M. Praed, `Australian Life,' p. 7:

"Where . . . a belt of scrub lies green, glossy, and

impenetrable as Indian bungle."

(p. 8): "The nearest scrub, in the thickets of which the Blacks

could always find an impenetrable stronghold."

1885. H. Finch-Hatton, `Advance Australia,' p. 36:

"A most magnificent forest of trees, called in Australia a

`scrub,' to distinguish it from open timbered country."

1890. J. McCarthy and R. M. Praed, `Ladies' Gallery,' p. 252:

"Why, I've been alone in the scrub--in the desert, I mean; you

will understand that better."

1890. C. Lumholtz, `Among Cannibals,' p. 374:

"One more prominent feature in Australian vegetation are the

large expanses of the so-called `scrub' of the colonists. This

is a dense covering of low bushes varying in composition in

different districts, and named according to the predominating

element."

1893. A. R. Wallace, `Australasia,' vol. i. p. 46:

"Just as Tartary is characterised by its steppes, America by

its prairies, and Africa by its deserts, so Australia has one

feature peculiar to itself, and that is its `scrubs.'. . .

One of the most common terms used by explorers is `Mallee'

scrub, so called from its being composed of dwarf species of

Eucalyptus called the `Mallee' by the Natives. . . . Still

more dreaded by the explorer is the `Mulga' scrub, consisting

chiefly of dwarf acacias."

1894. E. Favenc, `Tales of the Austral Tropics,' p. 3:

"Even more desolate than the usual dreary-looking scrub

of the interior of Australia."

[p. 6]: "The sea of scrub."

1896. A. B. Paterson, `Manfrom Snowy River,' p. 25:

"Born and bred on the mountain-side,

He could race through scrub like a kangaroo."

<hw>Scrub</hw>, adj. and in composition.

The word scrub occurs constantly in composition.

See the following words.

1885. R. M. Praed, `Australian Life,' p. 113:

"We gathered the wild raspberries, and mingling them with

gee-bongs, and scrub-berries, set forth a dessert."

<hw>Scrub-bird</hw>, n. name given to two Australian

birds, of the genus Atrichia. (Grk. 'atrichos

= without hair.) They are the Noisy Scrub-bird, Atrichia

clamosa, Gould, and the Rufous S.-b., A. rufescens,

Ramsay.

1869. J. Gould, `Birds of Australia,' `Supplement,' pl. 26:

"The Scrub-bird creeps mouse-like over the bark, or sits on a

dripping stem and mocks all surrounding notes."

<hw>Scrub-cattle</hw>, n. escaped cattle that run wild in the

scrub, used as a collective plural of Scrubber

(q.v.).

1860. A. L. Gordon, `The Sick Stockrider' [in `Bush-Ballads,'

1876], p. 8:

"'Twas merry 'mid the blackwoods, when we spied the station

roofs,

To wheel the wild scrub-cattle at the yard,

With a running fire of stock-whips and a fiery run of hoofs,

Oh! the hardest day was never then too hard."

<hw>Scrub-Crab</hw>, n. a Queensland fruit. The large

dark purple fruit, two inches in diameter, of Sideroxylon

australe, Benth. and Hook., N.O. Saponaceae;

a tall tree.

<hw>Scrub-dangler</hw>, n. a wild bullock.

1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Colonial Reformer,' c. xvi. p. 193:

"He is one of those infernal scrub-danglers from the Lachlan,

come across to get a feed."

<hw>Scrub-fowl</hw>, n. name applied to birds of the

genus Megapodius. See Megapode.

<hw>Scrub-Gum</hw>, n. See Gum.

<hw>Scrub-hen</hw>, i.q. Scrub fowl.

<hw>Scrub-Ironwood</hw>, n. See Ironwood.

<hw>Scrub-Myrtle</hw>, n. See Myrtle.

<hw>Scrub-Oak</hw>, n. See Oak.

<hw>Scrub-Pine</hw>, n. See Pine.

<hw>Scrub-Poison-tree</hw>, n. See Poison-tree.

<hw>Scrub-rider</hw>, n. a man who rides through the

scrub in search of Scrub-cattle (q.v.).

1881. A. C. Giant, `Bush Life in Queensland,' vol. i. p. 278:

"A favourite plan among the bold scrub-riders."

<hw>Scrub-Robin</hw>, n. the modern name for any bird

of the genus Drymodes.

1848. J. Gould, `Birds of Australia,' vol. iii. pl. 10:

"Drymodes Brunneopygia, Gould, Scrub-Robin. I

discovered this singular bird in the great Murray Scrub in

South [sc. Southern] Australia, where it was tolerably

abundant. I have never seen it from any other part of the

country, and it is doubtless confined to such portions of

Australia as are clothed with a similar character of

vegetation."

1895. W. O. Legge, `Australasian Association for the

Advancement of Science' (Brisbane), p. 447:

"As regards portions of Gould's English nomenclatures,

such as his general term `Robin' for the genera Petroica,

Paecilodryas, Eopsaltria, it was found that by

retaining the term `Robin' for the best known member of the

group (Petroica), and applying a qualifying noun to

the allied genera, such titles as Tree-robin, Scrub-robin,

and Shrike-robin were easily evolved."

<hw>Scrub-Sandalwood</hw>, n. See Sandalwood.

<hw>Scrub-Tit</hw>, n. See Tit.

<HW>Scrub-tree</HW>, n. any tree that grows in the scrub.

1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' p. 219:

"Almost all the Scrub-trees of the Condamine and Kent's Lagoon

were still to be seen at the Burdekin."

<hw>Scrub-Turkey</hw>, n. an Australian bird, Leipoa

ocellata, Gould; aboriginal name, the Lowan (q.v.).

See Turkey.

<hw>Scrub-Vine</hw>, n. called also Native Rose.

See Bauera (q.v.).

<hw>Scrub-Wren</hw>, n. any little bird of the

Australian genus Sericornis. The species are--

Brown Scrub-Wren--

Sericornis humilis, Gould.

Buff breasted S.-W.--

S. laevigaster, Gould.

Collared S.-W.--

S. gutturalis, Gould.

Large-billed Scrub-Wren--

Sericornis magnirostris, Gould.

Little S.-W.--

S. minimus, Gould.

Spotted S.-W.--

S. maculatus, Gould.

Spotted-throated S.-W.--

S. osculans, Gould.

White-browed S.-W.--

S. frontalis, Vig. & Hors.

Yellow-throated S.-W.--

S. citreogularis, Gould.

<hw>Scrubber</hw>, n. (1) a bullock that has taken

to the scrub and so become wild. See Scrub-cattle.

Also formerly used for a wild horse, now called a Brumby

(q.v.).

1859. H. Kingsley, `Geoffrey Hamlyn,' c. xxix:

"The captain was getting in the scrubbers, cattle which had

been left to run wild through in the mountains."

1874. W. H. L. Ranken, `Dominion of Australia,' c. vi. p. 110:

"There are few field-sports anywhere . . . equal to `hunting

scrubbers.'"

1881. A. C. Grant, `Bush Life in Queensland,' vol. i. p. 93:

"Out flew the ancient scrubber, instinctively making towards

his own wild domain."

1887. W. S. S. Tyrwhitt, `The New Chum in the Queensland

Bush,' p. 151:

"There are also wild cattle, which are either cattle run wild

or descendants of such. They are commonly called `scrubbers,'

because they live in the larger scrubs."

1888. Rolf Boldrewood, `Robbery under Arms,' p. 405:

"Here I am boxed up, like a scrubber in a pound, year after

year."

1893. `The Argus,' April 29, p. 4, col. 4 (`Getting in the

Scrubbers'):

"The scrubbers, unseen of men, would stay in their fastnesses

all day chewing the cud they had laid up the night before, and

when the sun went down and the strident laugh of the giant

kingfisher had given place to the insidious air-piercing note

of the large-mouthed podargus, the scrub would give up its

inhabitants."

(2) A starved-looking or ill-bred animal.

(3) The word is sometimes applied to mankind in the slang sense

of an "outsider." It is used in University circles as

equivalent to the Oxford "smug," a man who will not join in the

life of the place. See also Bush-scrubber.

1868. `Colonial Monthly,' vol. ii. p. 141 [art. `Peggy's

Christening]:

"`I can answer for it, that they are scrubbers--to use a bush

phrase--have never been brought within the pale of any church.'

"`Never been christened?' asked the priest.

"`Have no notion of it--scrubbers, sir--never been branded.'"

<hw>Scrubby</hw>, adj. belonging to, or resembling

scrub.

1802. Jas. Flemming, `Journal of the Exploration of C.

Grimes' [at Port Phillip, Australia], ed. by J. J.

Shillinglaw, 1879, Melbourne, p. 17:

"The land appeared barren, a scrubby brush."

[p. 221: "The trees low and scrubby."

1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' p. 19:

"To-day I . . . passed a scrubby ironbark forest.".

1849. J. P. Townsend, `Rambles in New South Wales,' p. 216:

"A scrubby country is a stockman's abhorrence, as there he

cannot ride, at least at any pace."

1868. J. A. B., `Meta,' c. i. p. 9:

"'Twere madness to attempt to chase,

In such a wild and scrubby place,

Australia's savage steer."

<hw>Scrubdom</hw>, n. the land of scrub.

1889. C. A. Sherard, `Daughter of South,' p. 29:

"My forefathers reigned in this scrubdom of old."

<hw>Scythrops</hw>, n. scientific name for a genus

of birds belonging to the Cuculidae, or Cuckoos (from

Grk. skuthrowpos = angry-looking). The only species

known is peculiar to Australia, where it is called the

Channel-Bill, a name given by Latham (`General History

of Birds,' vol. ii.). White (1790) calls it the Anomalous

Hornbill (`Journal 1790,' pl. at p. 142).

<hw>Sea-Berry</hw>, n. See Red-berry.

<hw>Sea-Dragon</hw>, n. any Australian fish of any one

of the three species of the genus Phyllopteryx, family

Syngnathidae. The name of the genus comes from the

Greek phullon = a leaf, and pterux = a wing.

This genus is said by Guenther to be exclusively

Australian. "Protective resemblance attains its highest degree

of development," he says, in this genus. "Not only their

colour closely assimilates that of the particular kind of

sea-weed which they frequent, but the appendages of their

spines seem to be merely part of the fucus to which they are

attached. They attain a length of twelve inches." (`Study of

Fishes,' p. 683.) The name, in England, is given to other and

different fishes. The species P. foliatus is called the

Superb Dragon (q.v.), from the beauty of its colours.

<hw>Sea-Perch</hw>, n. a name applied to different

fishes--in Sydney, to the Morwong (q.v.) and

Bull's-eye (q.v.); in New Zealand, to Sebastes

percoides, called Pohuiakawa (q.v.); in Melbourne,

to Red-Gurnard (q.v.). See Red Gurnet-Perch.

<hw>Sea-Pig</hw>, n. a small whale, the Dugong.

See under Dugong-oil.

1853. S. Sidney, `Three Colonies of Australia,' p. 267:

"The aborigines eagerly pursue the dugong, a species of small

whale, generally known to the colonists as the sea-pig."

<hw>Sea-Pike</hw>, n. a fish of New South Wales,

Lanioperca mordax, Gunth., of the family

Sphyraenidae. The name belongs to the Sydney

fish-market.

<hw>Select</hw>, v. i.q. Free-select (q.v.).

<hw>Selection</hw>, n. i.q. Free-selection

(q.v.).

<hw>Selector</hw>, n. i.q. Free-selector (q.v.).

<hw>Sergeant Baker</hw>, n. name given to a fish of New

South Wales, Aulopus purpurissatus, Richards., family

Scopelidae.

1882. Rev. J E. Tenison-Woods, `Fish of New South Wales,'

p. 82:

"The Sergeant Baker in all probability got its local

appellation in the early history of the colony (New South

Wales), as it was called after a sergeant of that name in one

of the first detachments of a regiment; so were also two fruits

of the Geebong tribe (Persoonia); one was called Major

Buller, and the other Major Groce, and this latter again

further corrupted into Major Grocer."

<hw>Settler's</hw> Clock (also <hw>Hawkesbury Clock</hw>),

n. another name for the bird called the

Laughing-Jackass. See Jackass.

1896. F. G. Aflalo, `Natural History of Australia,' p. 114:

"From its habit of starting its discordant paean somewhere near

sunrise and, after keeping comparatively quiet all through the

hotter hours, cackling a `requiem to the day's decline,' the

bird has been called the Settler's clock. It may be

remarked, however, that this by no means takes place with the

methodical precision that romancers write of in their letters

home."

<hw>Settlers' Matches</hw>, n. name occasionally applied

to the long pendulous strips of bark which hang from the

Eucalypts and other trees, during decortication, and which,

bec oming exceedingly dry, are readily ignited and used as

kindling wood.

1896. H. Lawson, `When the World was Wide,' p. 84:

"In the silence of the darkness and the playing of the breeze,

That we heard the settlers' matches rustle softly in the

trees."

1896. `The Australasian,' June 13, p. 1133, col. 1:

"Re settlers' matches, torches, the blacks in the

South-east of South Australia always used the bark of the

she-oak to carry from one camp to another; it would last and

keep alight for a long time and show a good light to travel by

when they had no fire. A fire could always be lighted with two

grass trees, a small fork, and a bit of dry grass. I have

often started a fire with them myself."

<hw>Settler's Twine</hw>, n. a fibre plant,

Gymnostachys anceps, R. Br., N.O. Aroideae,

called also Travellers' Grass. Much used by farmers

as cord or string where strength is required.

<hw>Shag</hw>, n. common English birdname for a

Cormorant (q.v.). Gould, fifty years ago, enumerates

the following as Australian species, in his `Birds of

Australia' (vol. vii.)--

Plate

Phalacrocorax Carboides, Gould, Australian

Cormorant, Black Shag, Colonists of W.A. . . . . . 66

P. Hypoleucus, Pied C., Black and White Shag,

Colonists of W. A. . . . . . . . . . 68

P. Melanoleucus, Vieill., Pied C., Little Shag,

Colonists of W.A. . . . . . . . . . 70

P. Punctatus, Spotted C., Crested Shag (Cook),

Spotted Shag (Lapham) . . . . . . . . . 71

P. Leucogaster, Gould, White-breasted C. . . 69

P. Stictocephalus, Bp., Little Black C. . . 67

1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' p. 185:

"Shags started from dead trees lying half immersed."

<hw>Shagroon</hw>, n. When the province of Canterbury,

in New Zealand, was first settled, the men who came from

England were called Pilgrims, all others

Shagroons, probably a modification of the Irish

word Shaughraun.

1877. W. Pratt, `Colonial Experiences of Incidents of

Thirty-four Years in New Zealand,' p. 234:

"In the `Dream of a Shagroon,' which bore the date Ko Matinau,

April 1851, and which first appeared in the `Wellington

Spectator' of May 7, the term `Pilgrim' was first applied to

the settlers; it was also predicted in it that the `Pilgrims'

would be `smashed' and the Shagroons left in undisputed

possession of the country for their flocks and herds."

<hw>Shake</hw>, v. tr. to steal. Very common Australian

slang, especially amongst school-boys and bushmen. It was

originally Thieves' English.

1855. W. Howitt, `Two Years in Victoria,' vol. ii. p. 9:

"The tent of a surgeon was `shook,' as they style it--that is,

robbed, during his absence in the daytime."

1878. `The Australian,' vol. i. p. 418:

"Crimean shirts, blankets, and all they `shake,'

Which I'm told's another name for `take.'"

<hw>Shamrock, Australian</hw>, n. a perennial, fragrant,

clover-like plant, Trigonella suavissima, Lindl.,

N.O. Leguminosae; excellent as forage. Called also

Menindie Clover (aboriginal name, Calomba).

See Clover.

1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 143:

"It is the `Australian shamrock' of Mitchell."

<hw>Shamrock, Native</hw>, n. a forage plant, Lotus

australis, Andr., N.O. Leguminosae. Called

Native Shamrock in Tasmania.

<hw>Shanghai</hw>, n. a catapult. Some say

because used against Chinamen. The reason seems

inadequate.

1863. `The Leader,' Oct. 24, p. 17, col. 1:

"Turn, turn thy shanghay dread aside,

Nor touch that little bird."

1875. `Spectator' (Melbourne), May 15, p. 22, col. 1:

"The lads had with them a couple of pistols, powder, shot,

bullets, and a shanghai."

1875. Ibid. July 17, p. 123, col. 3:

"The shanghai, which, as a secret instrument of mischief, is

only less dangerous than the air-gun."

1884. `Police Offences Act, New Zealand,' sec. 4, subsec. 23:

"Rolls any cask, beats any carpet, flies any kite, uses any

bows and arrows, or catapult, or shanghai, or plays at any game

to the annoyance of any person in any public place."

1893. `The Age,' Sept. 15, p. 6, col. 7:

"The magistrate who presided on the Carlton bench yesterday,

has a decided objection to the use of shanghais, and in dealing

with three little boys, the eldest of whom was but eleven or

twelve years of age, charged with the use of these weapons in

the Prince's Park, denounced their conduct in very strong

terms. He said that he looked upon this crime as one of the

worst that a lad could be guilty of, and if he had his own way

in the matter he would order each of them to be lashed."

1895. C. French, Letter to `Argus,' Nov. 29:

"Wood swallows are somewhat sluggish and slow in their flight,

and thus fall an easy prey to either the gun or the murderous

and detestable `shanghai.'"

<hw> Shanghai-shot</hw>, n. a short distance,

a stone's-throw.

1874. Garnet Walch, `Head over Heels' [Introduction to

Tottlepot Poems]:

"His parents . . . residing little more than a Shanghai-shot

from Romeo Lane, Melbourne."

<hw>Shanty</hw>, n. (1) a hastily erected wooden house;

(2) a public-house, especially unlicensed: a sly-grog shop.

The word is by origin Keltic (Irish). In the first sense, its

use is Canadian or American; in the last, Australian. In

Barrere and Leland it is said that circus and showmen always

call a public-house a shanty.

1875. `Spectator' (Melbourne), June 26, p. 91, col. 1:

"These buildings, little better than shanties, are found in

. . . numbers."

1880. Garnet Walch, `Victoria in 1880,' p. 9:

"We read of the veriest shanties letting for L2 per week."

1880. W. Senior, `Travel and Trout,' p. 15:

"He becomes a land-owner, and puts up a slab-shanty."

1880. G. n. Oakley, in `Victoria in 1880,' p. 114:

"The left-hand track, past shanties soaked in grog,

Leads to the gaol."

1882. A. J. Boyd, `Old Colonials,' p. 103:

"The faint glimmering light which indicates the proximity

of the grog shanty is hailed with delight."

1885. H. Finch-Hatton, `Advance Australia,' p. 221:

"I have seen a sober man driven perfectly mad for the time

being, by two glasses of so-called rum, supplied to him at one

of these shanties."

1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Miner's Right,' c. vi. p. 64:

"Any attempt to limit the licensing produced . . . a crop of

shanties, or sly-grog shops."

1890. `The Argus,' Aug. 9, p. 4, col. 2:

"The old woman thought that we were on gold, and would lamb

down at the finish in her shanty."

<hw>Shanty-Keeper</hw>, n. keeper of a sly-grog shop.

1875. Wood and Lapham, `Waiting for Mail,' p. 45:

"Mrs. Smith was a shanty-keeper's wife."

1887. J. Farrell, `How he died,' p. 72:

"The shanty-keeper saw the entering strangers."

<hw>Shantywards</hw>, adv.

1890. `The Argus,' Aug. 2, p. 13, col. 4:

"Looking . . . over the fence shantywards."

<hw>Shark</hw>, n. Some of the Australasian species

are identical with those of Europe. Varieties and names

which differ are--

Blue Shark (New South Wales)--

Carcharias macloti, Mull. and Heule.

Hammer S. (N.S.W.)--

Zygaena malleus, Shaw.

One-finned S. (N.S.W.)--

Notidanus indicus, Cuv.

Port Jackson S. (q.v.)--

Heterodontus phillipii, Lacep.;

called also the Shell-grinder.

Saw-fish S.--

Pristiophorus cirratus, Lath.

School S. (N.S.W.)--

Galeus australis, Macl.; called also Tope

(q.v.).

Shovel-nosed S. (N.S.W.)--

Rhinobatus granulatus, Cuv.; also called the

Blind-Shark, or Sand-Shark.

Tiger S. (N.S.W.)--

Galeocerdo rayneri, Macdon. and Barr.

White S.--

Carcharodon rondeletii, Mull. and Heule; called also

the White-Pointer.