1888. R. Kipling, `Plain Tales from the Hills,' p. 163_Austral English

". . . the awful butchery . . . of the Maribyrnong Plate. The

walls were colonial ramparts--logs of jarrah spiked into

masonry--with wings as strong as Church buttresses."

[Jarrah is not a Victorian, but a West-Australian timber, and

imported logs are not used by the V.R.C., but white or red gum.

For making "jumps," no logs are "spiked into masonry," and the

Maribyrnong Plate is not a "jump-race."]

1892. Gilbert Parker, `Round the Compass in Australia,'

p. 415:

"Mr. W. H. Knight, twenty years ago, gave evidence as to the

value of the jarrah. . . . It is found that piles driven down

in the Swan River were, after being exposed to the action of

wind, water, and weather for forty years, as sound and firm as

when put into the water. . . . It completely resists the

attacks of the white ants, where stringy-bark, blue-gum,

white-gum, and black-wood are eaten through, or rendered

useless, in from six to twelve years."

1896. `The Times' (weekly edition), Dec. 4, p. 822, col. 1:

"The jarrah, Eucalyptus marginata, stands pre-eminent as

the leading timber tree of the Western Australian forests. For

constructive work necessitating contact with soil and water

jarrahwood has no native equal. A jarrah forest is dull,

sombre, and uninteresting to the eye. In first-class forests

the trees attain a height of from 90 ft. to 120 ft., with good

stems 3 ft. to 5 ft. in diameter. The tree is practically

confined to the south-western division of the colony, where the

heaviest rains of the season fall. As a rule, jarrah is found

either intermixed with the karri tree or in close proximity to

it."

<hw>Jasmine, Native</hw>, n. an Australian plant,

Ricinocarpus pinifolius, Desf.,

N.O. Euphorbiaceae.

1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 286:

"Native Jasmine. This plant yields abundance of seeds,

like small castor oil seeds. They yield an oil."

<hw>Jelly-leaf</hw>, n. i.q. Queensland Hemp

(q.v.).

<hw>Jelly-plant</hw>, a sea-weed, Eucheuma speciosum,

J. Agardh, N.O. Algae.

1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 28:

"Jelly-plant of Western Australia. This is a remarkable

sea-weed of a very gelatinous character [used by] the people of

Western Australia for making jelly, blanc-mange, etc. Size and

cement can also be made from it. It is cast ashore from deep

water."

<hw>Jemmy Donnelly</hw>, n. a ridiculous name given to

three trees, Euroschinus falcatus, Hook,

N.O. Anacardiaceae; Myrsine variabilis, R. Br.,

N.O. Myrsinaceae; and Eucalyptus resinifera, Sm.,

N.O. Myrtaceae. They are large timber trees, highly

valued in Queensland.

<hw>Jerrawicke</hw>, n. obsolete name for Colonial beer.

1857. J. Askew, `A Voyage to Australia and New Zealand,'

p. 272:

"There were always a number of natives roaming about. There

might be about 150 in all, of the Newcastle tribe. They were

more wretched and filthy, and if possible, uglier than those of

Adelaide. . . . All the earnings of the tribe were spent in

tobacco and jerrawicke (colonist-made ale)."

1857. Ibid. p. 273:

"A more hideous looking spectacle can hardly be imagined than

that presented by these savages around the blazing fire,

carousing among jerrawicke and the offal of slaughtered

animals.'"

<hw>Jew-fish</hw>, n. a name applied in New South Wales

to two or more different species, Sciaena antarctica,

Castln., and Glaucosoma hebraicum, Richards. Sciaena

antarctica, Castln., is the King-fish of the Melbourne

market. Sciaena is called Dew-fish in Brisbane. It

belongs to the family Sciaenidae. The Australian

species is distinct from S. aquila, the European

"Maigre" or "Meagre," but closely resembles it.

Glaucosoma belongs to the Percidae. The Silver

Jew-fish of New South Wales is thought to be the same as the

Teraglin (q.v.), Otolithus atelodus, Guenth.,

also of the family Sciaeidae. Tenison Woods (in `Fish

and Fisheries of New South Wales,' 1882, p. 34) says the

Jew-fish of New South Wales is sometimes Glaucosoma

scapulare, Ramsay; and Glaucosoma hebraicum,

Richards., is the Jew-fish of Western Australia (a marine

fish). Fishes on the American coasts, different from these,

are there called Jew-fishes.

1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' p. 40:

"The water-holes abounded with jew-fish and eels."

<hw>Jew-Lizard</hw>, n. a large Australian lizard,

Amiphibolurus barbatus, Cuv.; called also Bearded

Lizard.

1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' p. 89:

"A small Chlamydophorus (Jew-lizard of the Hunter) was

also seen." [The Hunter is a river of New South Wales.]

1890. F. McCoy, `Prodromus of the Natural History of

Victoria,' Decade xiii. pl. 121:

"This is commonly called the Jew Lizard by colonists, and is

easily distinguished by the beard-like growth of long slender

spires round the throat . . . when irritated, it inflates the

body to a considerably increased size, and hisses like a snake

exciting alarm; but rarely biting."

1893. `The Argus,' July 22, p. 4, col. 5:

"The great Jew-lizards that lay and laughed horribly to

themselves in the pungent dust on the untrodden floors."

<hw>Jil-crow-a-berry</hw>, n. the Anglicised

pronunciation and spelling of the aboriginal name for the

indigenous Rat-tail Grass, Sporobolus indicus,

R. Br.

<hw>Jimmy</hw>, n. obsolete name for an immigrant, a

word which was jocularly changed into Jimmy Grant. The word

`immigrant' is as familiar in Australia as `emigrant' in

England.

1859. H. Kingsley, `Geoffrey Hamlyn,' p. 211:

"`What are these men that we are going to see?' `Why one,'

said Lee, is a young Jimmy--I beg your pardon, sir, an

emigrant, the other two are old prisoners.'"

1867. `Cassell's Magazine,' p. 440:

"`I never wanted to leave England,' I have heard an old

Vandemonian observe boastfully. `I wasn't like one of these

`Jemmy Grants' (cant term for `emigrants'); I could always earn

a good living; it was the Government as took and sent me out."

[The writers probably used the word immigrant, which,

not being familiar to the English compositor, was misprinted

emigrant. The "old Vandemonian" must certainly have

said immigrant.]

<hw>Jimmy Low</hw>, n. one of the many names of a

Timber-tree, Eucalyptus resinifera, Smith,

N.O. Myrtaceae.

1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 208:

"The `Red,' or `Forest Mahogany,' of the neighbourhood of

Sydney. These are bad names, as the wood bears no real

resemblance to the true mahogany. Because the product of this

tree first brought Australian kino into medical notice, it is

often in old books called `Botany Bay Gum-tree.' Other names

for it are Red gum, Grey gum, Hickory, and it perpetuates the

memory of an individual by being called `Jimmy Low.'"

<hw>Jingle</hw>, n. a two-wheeled vehicle, like an Irish

car, once common in Melbourne, still used in Brisbane and some

other towns: so called from the rattle made by it when in

motion. The word is not Australian, as is generally supposed;

the `Century' gives "a covered two-wheeled car used in the

south of Ireland."

1862. Clara Aspinall, `Three Years in Melbourne,' p. 122:

"An omnibus may be chartered at much less cost (gentlemen who

have lived in India will persist in calling this vehicle

a jingle, which perhaps sounds better); it is a kind of

dos-a-dos conveyance, holding three in front and three behind:

it has a waterproof top to it supported by four iron rods, and

oilskin curtains to draw all round as a protection from the

rain and dust."

1863. B. A. Heywood, `Vacation Tour at the Antipodes,'

p. 44:

"During my stay in Melbourne I took a jingle, or car, and drove

to St. Kilda."

1865. Lady Barker, writing from Melbourne, `Station Life in

New Zealand,' p. 12:

"A vehicle which was quite new to me--a sort of light car with a

canopy and curtains, holding four, two on each seat, dos-a-dos,

and called a jingle--of American parentage, I fancy. One drive

in this carriage was quite enough, however."

1869. Marcus Clarke, `Peripatetic Philosopher,' p. 14:

"Some folks prefer to travel

Over stones and rocks and gravel;

And smile at dust and jolting fit to dislocate each bone.

To see 'em driving in a jingle,

It would make your senses tingle,

For you couldn't put a sixpence 'twixt the wheel and the

kerb-stone."

1887. Cassell's 'Picturesque Australasia,' vol. i. p. 64:

"In former days the Melbourne cab was a kind of Irish car,

popularly known as a jingle. . . . The jingle has been ousted

by the one-horse waggonette."

1887. R. M. Praed, `Longleat of Kooralbyn,' c. iv. p. 30:

"The Premier hailed a passing jingle."

[This was in Brisbane.]

<hw>Jinkers</hw>, n. a contrivance much used in the bush

for moving heavy logs and trunks of trees. It consists of two

pairs of wheels, with their axle-trees joined by a long beam,

under which the trunks are suspended by chains. Its structure

is varied in town for moving wooden houses. Called in England

a "whim."

1894. `The Argus,' July 7, p. 8, col. 4:

"A rather novel spectacle was to be seen to-day on the Ballan

road in the shape of a five-roomed cottage on jinkers. . . .

Mr. Scottney, carrier of Fitzroy, on whose jinkers the removal

is being made . . ."

Jirrand, adj. an aboriginal word in the dialect of

Botany Bay, signifying "afraid." Ridley, in his vocabulary,

spells it jerron, and there are other spellings.

1827. P. Cunningham, `Two Years in New South Wales,' vol.

ii. p. 59:

"The native word jirrand (afraid) has become in some

measure an adopted child, and may probably puzzle our future

Johnsons with its unde derivatur."

1889. Rolf Boldrewood, `Robbery under Arms,' p. 316:

"When I saw the mob there was I didn't see so much to be jerran

about, as it was fifty to one in favour of any one that was

wanted."

<hw>Jo-Jo</hw>, n. name used by Melbourne larrikins for

a man with a good deal of hair on his face. So called from a

hairy-faced Russian "dog man" exhibited in Melbourne

about 1880, who was advertised by that name.

<hw>Job's</hw> Tears. The seeds of Coix lachryma, which

are used for necklace-making by the native tribes on the Cape

York peninsula, are there called Job's tears.

<hw>Joe, Joe-Joe, Joey</hw>, interjection, then a verb,

now obsolete. Explained in quotations.

1855. W. Howitt, `Two Years in Victoria,' vol. i. p. 400:

"The well-known cry of `Joe! Joe!'--a cry which means one of

the myrmidons of Charley Joe, as they familiarly style Mr.

[Charles Joseph] La Trobe,--a cry which on all the diggings

resounds on all sides on the appearance of any of the hated

officials."

1861. T. McCombie, `Australian Sketches,' p. 135:

"The cry of `Joey' would rise everywhere against them."

[Footnote]: "To `Joey' or `Joe' a person on the diggings, or

anywhere else in Australia, is to grossly insult and ridicule

him."

1863. B. A. Heywood, `Vacation Tour at the Antipodes,'

p. 165:

"In the early days of the Australian diggings `Joe' was the

warning word shouted out when the police or gold commissioners

were seen approaching, but is now the chaff for new chums."

1865. F. H. Nixon, `Peter Perfume,' p. 58:

"And Joe joed them out, Tom toed them out."

1891. `The Argus,' Dec. 5, p. 13, col. 4:

"`The diggers,' he says, `were up in arms against the

Government officials, and whenever a policeman or any other

Government servant was seen they raised the cry of "Joe-Joe."'

The term was familiar to every man in the fifties. In the

earliest days of the diggings proclamations were issued on

diverse subjects, but mostly in the direction of curtailing the

privileges of the miners. These were signed, `C. Joseph La

Trobe,' and became known by the irreverent--not to say flippant

--description of `Joes.' By an easy transition, the corruption

of the second name of the Governor was applied to his officers,

between whom and the spirited diggers no love was lost, and

accordingly the appearance of a policeman on a lead was

signalled to every tent and hole by the cry of `Joe-Joe.'"

<hw>Joey</hw>, n. (1) A young kangaroo.

1839. W. H. Leigh, `Reconnoitring Voyages in South Australia'

pp. 93-4:

"Here [in Kangaroo Island] is also the wallaba . . . The

young of the animal is called by the islanders a joe."

1861. T. McCombie, I`Australian Sketches,' p. 172:

"The young kangaroos are termed joeys. The female carries the

latter in her pouch, but when hard pressed by dogs, and likely

to be sacrificed, she throws them down, which usually distracts

the attention of the pack and affords the mother sufficient

time to escape."

1888. D. Macdonald, `Gum Boughs,' p. 10:

"Sometimes when the flying doe throws her `joey' from her

pouch the dogs turn upon the little one."

1896. F. G. Aflalo, `Natural History of Australia,' p. 29:

"At length the actual fact of the Kangaroo's birth, which is

much as that of other mammals, was carefully observed at the

London Zoo, and the budding fiction joined the myths that were.

It was there proved that the little `joey' is brought into the

world in the usual way, and forthwith conveyed to the

comfortable receptacle and affixed to the teat by the dam,

which held the lifeless-looking little thing tenderly in her

cloven lips."

(2) Also slang used for a baby or little child, or even a young

animal, such as a little guinea-pig. Compare "kid."

(3) A hewer of wood and drawer of water.

1845. J. A. Moore, `Tasmanian Rhymings,' p. 15:

"He was a `joey,' which, in truth,

Means nothing more than that youth

Who claims a kangaroo descent

Is by that nomenclature meant."

1888. Rolf Boldrewood, `Robbery under Arms,' p. 198:

"I'm not going to be wood-and-water Joey, I can tell ye."

<hw>John Dory</hw>, or <hw>Dorey</hw>, n. a fish. This

name is applied in New South Wales and Tasmania to Cyttus

(Zeus) australis, Richards., family Cyttidae, which

is nearly the same as Zeus faber, the "John Dory" of

Europe. Others call C. australis the Bastard

Dorey (q.v.), and it is also called the Boar-fish

(q.v.) and Dollar-fish (q.v.).

1880. Guenther, `Study of Fishes,' p. 451:

"`John Dorys' are found in the Mediterranean, on the eastern

temperate shores of the Atlantic, on the coasts of Japan and

Australia. Six species are known, all of which are highly

esteemed for the table. The English name given to one of the

European species (Zeus Faber) seems to be partly a

corruption of the Gascon `Jau,' which signifies cock, `Dory'

being derived from the French Doree, so that the entire

name means Gilt-cock. Indeed, in some other localities of

southern Europe it bears the name of Gallo. The same

species occurs also on the coasts of South Australia and New

Zealand."

<hw>Johnny</hw>-cake. n. The name is of American

origin, originally given by the negroes to a cake made of

Indian corn (maize). In Australia it is a cake baked on the

ashes or cooked in a frying-pan. (See quotations.) The name

is used in the United States for a slightly different cake,

viz. made with Indian meal and toasted before a fire.

1861. Mrs. Meredith, `Over the Straits,' p. 154:

"The dough-cakes fried in fat, called `Johnny-cakes.'"

1872. C. H. Eden, `My Wife and I in Queensland,' p. 20:

"Johnny-cakes, though they are smaller and very thin, and made

in a similar way [sc. to dampers: see Damper]; when

eaten hot they are excellent, but if allowed to get cold they

become leathery."

1885. H. Finch-Hatton, `Advance of Australia,' p. 3:

"Johnny-cakes are made with nothing but flour, but there is a

great art in mixing them. If it is done properly they are

about the lightest and nicest sort of bread that can be made;

but the efforts of an amateur generally result in a wet heavy

pulp that sticks round one's teeth like bird-lime."

1890. `The Argus,' Aug. 16, p. 13, col. 1:

"Here I, a new chum, could, with flour and water and a pinch

of baking-powder, make a sweet and wholesome johnny cake."

1892. Mrs. Russell, `Too Easily Jealous,' p. 273 :

"Bread was not, and existed only in the shape of johnny-cakes

--flat scones of flour and water, baked in the hot ashes."

1894. `The Argus,' March 10, p. 4, col. 6:

"It is also useful to make your damper or `Johnny-cake,' which

serves you in place of yeast bread. A Johnny-cake is made

thus:--Put a couple of handfuls of flour into your dish, with a

good pinch of salt and baking soda. Add water till it works to

a stiff paste. Divide it into three parts and flatten out into

cakes about half an inch thick. Dust a little flour into your

frying-pan and put the cake in. Cook it slowly over the fire,

taking care it does not burn, and tossing it over again and

again. When nearly done stand it against a stick in front of

the fire, and let it finish baking while you cook the other

two. These, with a piece of wallaby and a billy of tea, are a

sweet meal enough after a hard day's work."

<hw>Jolly-tail</hw>, n. a Tasmanian name for the larger

variety of the fish Galaxias attenuatus, Jenyns, and

other species of Galaxias called Inanga (q.v.) in

New Zealand. Galaxias weedoni is called the Mersey

Jolly-tail, and Galaxias atkinsoni, the Pieman

Jolly-tail. Pieman and Mersey are two Tasmanian rivers.

See Mountain-Trout.

<hw>July</hw>, n. a winter month in Australia. See

Christmas.

1888. Mrs. M'Cann, `Poetical Works,' p. 235:

"Scarce has July with frigid visage flown."

<hw>Jumbuck</hw>, n. aboriginal pigeon-English for

sheep. Often used in the bush. The origin of this word was

long unknown. It is thus explained by Mr. Meston, in the

`Sydney Bulletin,' April 18, 1896: "The word `jumbuck' for

sheep appears originally as jimba, jombock, dombock, and

dumbog. In each case it meant the white mist preceding

a shower, to which a flock of sheep bore a strong resemblance.

It seemed the only thing the aboriginal mind could compare it

to."

1845. C. Griffith, `Present State and Prospects of the Port

Phillip District of New South Wales,' p. 162:

"The following is a specimen of such eloquence: `You

pilmillally jumbuck plenty sulky me, plenty boom, borack

gammon,' which being interpreted means, `If you shoot my sheep

I shall be very angry, and will shoot you and no mistake.'"

1855. W. Ridley, `Transactions of Philological Society,'

p. 77:

"When they adopt English words ending in mutes, the blacks drop

the mute or add a vowel: thus, jimbugg, a slang name for

sheep, they sound jimbu." [It was not English slang but

an aboriginal word.]

1893. `The Argus,' April 8, p. 4, col. 1:

"Mister Charlie, jumbuck go along of grass, blood all there,

big dog catch him there, big jumbuck, m'me word, neck torn."

1896. `The Australasian,' June 6, p. 1085, col. 1:

"Jumbuck (a sheep) has been in use from the earliest days,

but its origin is not known."

<hw>Jump</hw>, to, v. to take possession of a claim

(mining) on land, on the ground that a former possessor has

abandoned it, or has not fulfilled the conditions of the grant.

The word is also used in the United States, but it is very

common in Australia. Instead of "you have taken my seat," you

have jumped it. So even with a pew. a man in England,

to whom was said, "you have jumped my pew," would look

astonished, as did that other who was informed, "Excuse me,

sir, but you are occupewing my py."

1861. T. McCombie, `Australian Sketches,' p. 31:

". . . on condition that he occupies it within twenty-four

hours: should this rule not be observed, the right of the

original holder is lost, and it may be occupied (or `jumped'

as it is termed) by any other person as a deserted claim."

1861. `Victorian Hansard,' vol. vii. p. 942 (May 21):

"Mr. Wood: Some of the evils spoken of seemed indeed

only to exist in the imagination of the hon. and learned

gentleman, as, for instance, that of `jumping,' for which a

remedy was already given by the 77th section of the present

Act.

"Mr. Ireland: Yes; after the claim is `jumped.'"

1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `The Miner's Right,' p. 37:

"If such work were not commenced within three days, any other

miners might summarily take possession of or jump the claim."

ibid. p. 52:

"Let us have the melancholy satisfaction of seeing Gus's pegs,

and noting whether they are all en regle. If not, we'll

`jump' him."

Ibid. p. 76:

"In default of such advertisement, for the general benefit,

they were liable, according to custom and practice, to have

their claim `jumped,' or taken forcible possession of by any

party of miners who could prove that they were concealing the

golden reality."

1875. `Melbourne Spectator,' August 21, p. 189, col. 3:

"Jumping selections . . . is said to be very common now in

the Winmera district."

<hw>Jumpable</hw>, adj. open to another to take. See

Jump.

1884. Rolf Boldrewood, Melbourne Memories,' c. xvi. p. 114:

"The heifer station was what would be called in mining

parlance `an abandoned claim' and possibly `jumpable.'"

Jumper, n. one who jumps a claim. See

Jump.

1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Miner's Right,' c. xii. p. 127:

"Come along, my noble jumper, you've served your injunction."

<hw>Jumping-mouse</hw>, n. See Hapalote.

<hw>June</hw>, n. a winter month in Australia. See

Christmas.

1886. H. C. Kendall, `Poems,' p. 132:

"Twenty white-haired Junes have left us

Grey with frost and bleak with gale."

<hw>Jungle-hen</hw>, n. name given to a mound-building

bird, Megapodius tumulus, Gould. See also

Megapode. The Indian Jungle-fowl is a different bird.

1890. Carl Lumholtz, `Among Cannibals,' p. 97:

"But what especially gives life and character to these woods

are the jungle-hens (mound-builders) . . . The bird is of a

brownish hue, with yellow legs and immensely large feet; hence

its name Megapodius."

<hw>Juniper, Native</hw>, n. i.q. Native Currant

(q.v.).

<hw>Kahawai</hw>, n. Maori name for the fish Arripis

salar, Richards.; called in Australia and New Zealand

Salmon (q.v.).

<hw>Kahikatea</hw>, n. Maori name for a New Zealand

tree, Podocarpus dacrydioides, A. Rich.,

N.O. Coniferae. Also called White-Pine.

See Pine. The settlers' pronunciation is often

Kackatea. There is a Maori word Kahika, meaning

ancient.

1855. Rev. R. Taylor. `Te Ika a Maui,' p. 439:

"White-pine, Podocarpus dacrydioides--Kahikatea, kahika,

korol. This tree is generally called the white-pine, from the

colour of its wood. The kahikatea may be considered as nearly

the loftiest tree in the New Zealand forest; it often attains a

height of little less than two hundred feet, and in that

respect rivals the noble kauri, but the general appearance is

not very pleasing."

1875. T. Laslett, `Timber and Trees,' p. 304:

"The kahikatea or kakaterra-tree (Dacrydium excelsum or

taxifolium). This majestic and noble-looking tree

belongs to the natural order of Taxaceae, more commonly

known by the name of Joint Firs. Height 150 to 180 feet,

rising sixty feet and upward without a branch."

1876: W. Blair, `Transactions of New Zealand Institute,'

vol. ix. art. 10, p. 160:

"This timber is known in all the provinces, except Otago, by

the native name of `kahikatea'. I think we should adopt it

also, not only on account of being more euphonious, but for

the reason that so many timbers in other parts of the world

are called white-pine."

1873. `Appendix to Journal of House of Representatives,'

vol. iii. G. 7, p. 11:

"On the purchased land stands, or lately stood, a small

kahikatea bush. . . . The wood appears to have been of no

great money value, but the natives living in Tareha's pa

depended upon it for their supply of fire-wood."

1883. J. Hector, `Handbook of New Zealand, p. 124:

[It is Sir James Hector who assigns the tree to

Coniferae, not Taxaceae.]

1888. Cassell's' Picturesque Australasia,' vol. iii. p. 210:

"The White Pine or kahikatea is a very beautiful tree, and

droops its dark feathery foliage in a way which recalls the

graceful branches of the English elm-tree."

<hw>Kahikatoa</hw>, n. Maori name for /a/ New Zealand

shrub, but no longer used by the settlers.

1883. J. Hector, `Handbook of New Zealand, p. 126:

"Kahikatoa, tea-tree of Cook. Leptospermum

scoparium, Forst., N.O. Myrtaceae."

<hw>Kahikomako</hw>, n. Maori name [shortened into

kaikomako] for a New Zealand timber, Pennantia

corymbosa, N.O. Olacineae; called also

Ribbonwood (q.v.).

1883. J. Hector, `Handbook of New Zealand, p. 130:

"Kahikomako, a small, very graceful tree, with white

sweet-smelling flowers; height twenty to thirty feet.

Wood used by the Maoris for kindling fires by friction."

<hw>Kai</hw>, n. Maori word for food; used also

in the South Sea islands. Kai-kai is an English

adaptation for feasting.

1807. J. Savage, `Some Account of New Zealand,' Vocab.

p. 75:

"Kiki . . . food." [The i has the English not the

Italian sound.]

1820. `Grammar and Vocabulary of Language of New Zealand'

(Church Missionary Society), p. 157:

"Kai, s. victuals, support, etc.; a. eatable."

1845. E. J. Wakefield, `Adventures in New Zealand,' vol. i.

p. 29:

"He explained to us that every one would cry very much, and

then there would be very much kai-kai or feasting."

1855. Rev. R. Taylor, `Te Ika a Maui,' p. 95:

"Kai, the general word for food, is not used at Rotorua,

because it was the name of a great chief, and the word tami

has been substituted for it."

1895. Louis Becke and J. D. Fitzgerald, `The Maori in

Politics,' `Review of Reviews,' June 20, p. 621:

"We saw some thirty men and women coming towards us, singing

in chorus and keeping step to the music. In their hands they

carried small baskets woven of raupo reeds, containing kai,

or food. This was the `kai' dance."

<hw>Kainga</hw>, and <hw>Kaika</hw>, n. now generally

kaik, and pronounced kike, a Maori settlement,

village. Kainga is used in the North, and is the

original form; Kaika is the South Island use. It is the

village for dwelling; the pa is for fighting in.

1820. `Grammar and Vocabulary of Language of New Zealand'

(Church Missionary Society), p. 157:

"Kainga. A place of residence, a home," etc.

1873. Lt.-Colonel St. John, `Pakeha Rambles through Maori

Lands,' p. 164 [Heading of Chapter x.]:

"How we live in our kainga."

1896. `Otago Witness,' Jan. 23, p. 50, col. 5:

"A cosy-looking kainga located on the bank of a picturesque

bend of the river."

Ibid. p. 52, col. 1:

"We steamed on slowly towards Tawhitinui, a small kainga

or kaik, as it is called in the South island."

1884. `Maoriland,' p. 84:

"The drive may be continued from Portobello to the Maori kaik."

<hw>Kaio</hw>, n. popular corruption in the South Island

of New Zealand of Ngaio (q.v.).

<hw>Kaitaka</hw>, n. Maori word for the best kind of

native mat.

1835. W. Yate, `Account of New Zealand,' p. 157:

"Requiring from three to four months' close sitting to complete

one of their kaitakas--the finest sort of mat which they

make. This garment has a very silky appearance."

1845. E. J. Wakefield, `Adventures in New Zealand,' vol. i.

p. 244:

"Pukaro ended by flinging over my shoulders a very handsome

kaitaka mat, which he had been wearing while he spoke."

1881. J. L. Campbell, `Poenamo,' p. 205:

"Highly prized and beautiful kaitaka mats."

<hw>Kaiwhiria</hw>, n. Maori name for New Zealand tree,

Hedycarya dentata, Forst., N.O. Monimiaceae.

Porokaiwhiri is the fuller name of the tree.