_Palaiologoi_, their Empire a survival of the old Empire, 142;
their recovery of Peloponnêsos, ib.
_Panormos_, Phœnician colony, 24.
_Paris_, the centre of France, 191.
_Parthia_, Greek influence on, 15;
its relations to Rome, 62.
_Patricians_, Teutonic, 105.
_Peloponnêsos_, recovered by the Palaiologoi, 142.
_Pergamon_, the model kingdom, 37;
its relations to Rome, 56;
dealings of Rome with, 218.
_Persia_, its historic position, 27-29;
its alliance with Carthage, 30;
its new birth and rivalry with Rome, 63.
_Persian Wars_, their nature, 21.
_Philip_, how looked on at Megalopolis, 32.
_Philip the Fifth_, his failure to help Hannibal, 51, 54.
_Phœnicia_, its history and relation to Greece, 12; 20;
extent of its colonization, 24; 26;
its older and newer cities, 29.
_Physical inventions_, their political effect, 183-185.
_Pippin_, Patrician, 105;
recovers Septimania from the Saracens, 134;
his unction, 158.
_Pliny_, his correspondence with Trajan, 225, 226; 233-239;
his dealings with Apameia, 236;
with Amisos, 237.
_Plutarch_, his account of contemporary Greek commonwealths, 225-230;
his political precepts, 227-230.
_Poland_, Vienna delivered by, 171;
share of the House of Austria in its partition, 172.
_Polybios_, preserves the non-Athenian tradition of Philip, 32;
character of his age, 35;
his experience compared with that of Thucydides, 35, 36.
_Pompeius Gnæus_, his work in the East, 61.
_Pontius Telesinus_, 61.
_Pontos_, Greek influence on, 15.
_Popes_, a survival of the Empire, 155;
origin and growth of their power, 156-158;
their encroachments in the East, 165; 170;
chosen from Italians only, 182;
their relations to the Austrian Emperors, 183.
_Pragmatic Sanction_, 152.
_Pressburg_, Treaty of, 149.
_Protected states_, their position, 224.
_Provence_, its commonwealth, 192.
_Provinces_, slow annexation of, 72, 73;
position of different towns in, 215-216.
_Prusa_, speech of Diôn Chrysostom at, 232.
_Punic Wars_, an episode in European history, 49, 50.
_Pyrrhos_, his Hellenic position, 14; 17;
his designs, 34;
effects of his war with Rome, 45.