_Janissaries_, 167.
_Jerusalem_, recovered by Frederick the Second, 163.
_Jews_, revival of their power under the Maccabees, 66;
their mission in the world, ib.
_John Sobieski_, Vienna delivered by, 171.
_Joseph the Second_, Emperor, 152.
_Justinian_, closes the University of Athens, 85;
his historic position, 126-128.