a. IO MOTH CATERPILLAR
(_Automeris io_)
[Illustration: (unlabelled)]
Identification. The _Automeris io_ caterpillar is the larva of the Io
moth, which belongs to the moth family Saturniidae. A full-grown
caterpillar is about 5 to 8 cm (2-3 in) long, pale green, with lateral
strips of red or maroon over white running the length of the body. Near
the center of each body segment is a partial row of tubercles armed with
radiating green and black spines. Many of these spines are venomous, and
their tips are connected to rather large individualized poison glands.
Distribution. In the United States, the Io moth is found in the states
east of the Rocky Mountains.[68]
Biology/Behavior. Io moth larvae feed on the leaves of a variety of
plants, including corn and willow.[17] In most areas they produce only
one annual generation, emerging as a moth in the spring or summer and
overwintering as a pupa. In south Texas, however, two generations occur,
with one developing in May-July and the second in October-December.
Therefore, the urticating larval stages can be found anytime from early
spring to late fall, depending upon the area of the country and climatic
conditions. As with most urticating caterpillars, _A. io_
envenomizations normally occur when the victim inadvertently contacts
caterpillar-infested vegetation. At the instant the victim’s skin
touches this caterpillar, the spine tips break off in the skin, thus
allowing toxin to flow out of the hollow spines and onto the skin.
Avoidance/Control. Wear gloves, a long-sleeved shirt, and long pants
when working in an infested area. Children should be warned not to
handle caterpillars. If necessary, infested vegetation may be treated
with an appropriate insecticide.