3. SCORPIONS
(Class: Arachnida; Order: Scorpionida)
[Illustration: (unlabelled)]
Identification. Scorpions are crablike in appearance, with pincers
attached to their two front appendages. They also possess a
five-segmented “tail” terminating in a bulbous structure with a
prominent stinger. The body size of mature scorpions varies from 2 to 10
cm (0.8-4 in) or more, depending upon the species.
Distribution. Scorpions are most prevalent in warmer climates. In the
United States the two most dangerous scorpion species, _Centruroides
sculpturatus_ and _C. gertschi_, have been found only in Arizona.
Biology/Behavior. During daylight hours scorpions hide under objects or
debris on the ground. At night, they come out of hiding to search for
food, which consists primarily of ground-inhabiting arthropods. The prey
is grasped with the pincers and stung by rapidly bringing the stinger
forward directly over the head. This quick stinging motion is also used
for defense, as is usually the case with human envenomizations.
Avoidance/Control. To avoid stings in scorpion-infested areas: remove
accumulations of boards, rocks, and other debris; wear leather gloves to
remove any item from the ground; inspect and shake out clothing or shoes
before donning them; and when moving about at night, turn on lights to
avoid contacting these nocturnally active arthropods. Insecticides that
are commonly used for household cockroach control are also useful for
controlling scorpions. Special care should be taken to treat around all
baseboards thoroughly.