3. CENTIPEDES
(Class: Chilopoda)
[Illustration: (unlabelled)]
Identification. Centipedes are multisegmented elongate arthropods with a
distinct head and one pair of legs, or appendages, per segment. Size is
species dependent, with body length ranging from approximately 2.5 to 25
cm (1-10 in) or more. The number of legs can therefore vary from 15 to
100 pairs or more, depending upon the species.
Distribution. The range of centipedes varies with the species; however,
these arthropods are most numerous in the southern half of the United
States.
Biology/Behavior. Throughout the day, centipedes hide under rocks,
boards, or bark and in cracks, crevices, closets, basements, and other
moist, protected locations. At night, they come out of hiding to hunt
for prey which usually consists of insects and other small arthropods.
Centipedes inject venom through two powerful claws located on the
ventral side of the body immediately behind the head. Contrary to
popular belief, centipedes cannot inject venom through their numerous
legs. The majority of centipedes found in the United States are small
and not a threat to man. Human centipede envenomizations occur when a
relatively large centipede is accidentally picked up, stepped on, or
otherwise trapped against the body.
Avoidance/Control. When camping in a centipede-infested area, carefully
invert and shake out sleeping bags, clothes, or other items left in
contact with the ground. Always wear shoes when walking about at night,
and wear leather gloves when moving rocks or trash from the ground.
Usually centipedes are not sufficiently numerous in any one location to
warrant chemical control.