The success we had already met with in finding food raised our spirits;
but I knew the risk we should run of losing our health if we could not
obtain vegetables was very great. I therefore urged my companions to
set to work at once and try to get the sago manufactured.
"Come directly," said Macco, collecting a quantity of half-dried leaves.
These he placed on the fire. He then covered them up with green twigs,
thereby preventing the flames bursting out, at the same time producing
an abundant smoke. "Dere, dat do bery well," he observed. "No creature
come to carry off de fish, and he well dry when we come back."
I cannot say I felt any great confidence in the success of his
experiment; and I thought it of no great importance even should it fail,
as I began to hope that we should have a sufficient supply of food. We
soon found a palm of moderate dimensions, which we might hope, even with
our knives, to cut down in the course of a day or two by working away
assiduously. What, however, would take us several days, a sharp axe
would accomplish almost in the course of almost as many minutes.
However, we could all three work at once.
"You take one side, Oliver; Macco, you take another; and I will take a
third," I observed.
"Stay, Massa Walter," he answered; "you no want to break head. Do dis
first. You cut here; Oliver cut here; and I go make rope."
Some ratans were growing not far off; he immediately began cutting them
away, and having collected a large supply, twisted them ingeniously into
a rope. Oliver and I had made apparently but little impression in the
tree by the time he had done so. Taking the rope, he climbed up as
before, to a considerable height, where he fastened it, and then carried
the other end to another tree at some little distance, so that it might
fall to the ground clear of its companions.
"Now," he said, "do bery well;" and taking out his knife, he began to
work away with great energy. So dexterously did he ply his instrument,
that he soon had made almost as much impression as we had done, who had
been working so much longer a time. The ratans I speak of, though
allied to palms, are creepers. They grow from the ground, climbing up a
tree, and then running along the branches, and descending again, mount
up another tree, or sometimes climb from branch to branch. They often
encircle a tree, which, in time, is completely destroyed; while they
survive, forming an extraordinary intricate mass of natural cordage on
the ground. In some places the original trunk had entirely disappeared,
leaving only the ratan. They greatly ornament the forest as they hang
in graceful festoons from branch to branch, or adorn their summits with
feathery crowns of leaves, their highest points being erect leafy spikes
which rise up above all the other foliage.
Macco had collected several lengths of this curious creeper, each
perhaps of fifty fathoms; and having twisted them together, had formed a
very strong rope. The natives make their cables of them, as well as the
standing rigging of their masts; indeed, they are used for all sorts of
stout cordage. While we were working away, looking up, I saw on the
branch of a tree, at no great distance, as if watching our proceedings,
an animal with a small head and very large bright eyes. He was covered,
apparently, with very thick fur, and, I soon saw, had also a long tail,
which was curled on a branch below him. As we did not move, he began
eating away in a fearless manner the leaves from a branch which hung
near his snout. He reminded me somewhat of the opossum, covered with
thick, pure white fur, on which appeared a few black spots of various
shapes. I pointed him out at length to Macco. "He good eat," he
whispered. "I catch him." Several pieces of small ratan lay near us,
and taking one of them, he formed a noose, with which in his hand he
crept towards the tree. On considering what the animal could be, I
recollected one called the cuscus, a picture of which I had seen in one
of Mr Hooker's books. "Yes, I am sure that must be a cuscus. It is a
marsupial, or pouch-possessing animal, like the kangaroo," I said to
Oliver. Macco quickly climbed the tree, and reached a branch just above
the cuscus. Not till then did the creature catch sight of him, and
began moving along the branch, but at a very slow pace. Macco
immediately climbed down towards us and followed it. Just, however, as
he was approaching, cuscus let go his hold, hanging down by his tail.
It was a fatal manoeuvre, for Macco's noose was immediately let drop,
and quickly drawn over the head of poor cuscus, who in vain tried to
liberate himself with his claws. He was now a captive, and Macco,
keeping the noose tight, descended the tree. Cuscus held on by his long
prehensile tail; but Macco pulled and pulled, and down the animal came
with a flop to the ground. His claws were so sharp, that it was rather
difficult to take hold of him without the risk of being severely
scratched. Macco called out to us to bring him one of the bamboo
spears. With this he transfixed the poor creature to the ground; but
even then it struggled, and not till he had made use of his knife, half
severing the head from the body, did the creature die. It looked
somewhat, in its white, woolly covering, like a small, fat lamb; but it
had short legs, hand-like feet, with large claws.
"He make bery good dinner for us," observed Macco. "No fear of our
starving. Dat good t'ing."
Oliver and I were very glad, and thanked him very much for catching the
creature. However, I urged him to go back at once, that we might
continue our work on the sago-tree, for I was sure that, though by
eating flesh and fish we might support our lives, we should not retain
our health without bread, or a substitute for it, which the sago would
afford. From the height of the sun, in addition to the hints of our own
appetites, we guessed that it was already past noon. We therefore
proposed returning with the cuscus to our hut. Tying up the legs of our
prize with the ratan, we passed a piece of bamboo through them, and took
our way by the path we had cut to the beach. Our fire was out, and the
number of flies collected round our mollusc made us doubtful whether we
were not too late to preserve it from destruction.
"Soon drive dem away," said Macco, and bringing fresh fuel, he piled it
up under the triangle. "I get fire dis time," he said. "I see man on
board de prow do it de oder day."
Taking a piece of bamboo sharpened like a knife in one hand, he held
another piece in the other, split in two, with the convex part
uppermost, in which he had cut a small notch. He began passing the
sharp piece slowly over the other, as a fiddler does his bow over his
fiddle--strings, increasing in rapidity, till, in a very short time, the
powder produced by the friction ignited, and fell down upon the ashes.
This he quickly blew up, and even more rapidly than I could have done
with my burning-glass, a flame was produced. The smoke which ascended
soon sent some of the flies to a distance, while the others fell down
into the fire. This gave us a hint that we must not leave any of our
food exposed, or that it would very quickly be destroyed.
"Cuscus better for dinner dan dis," he said, for he had heard me name
the creature; and he at once began to draw off the skin; then cutting
some slices off the animal, he soon had them toasting on forked sticks
before the fire.
"I wish I had some salt," I observed, pointing to the large shell in
which we had boiled our eggs. The water had evaporated, leaving the
sides and stones covered with saline particles. By scraping this off,
we had an ample supply of salt for our meat.
"It strikes me, Mr Walter," said Oliver, "that we may be able to
manufacture enough salt to preserve the animals we kill, for the time
may come when we may not be able to obtain any, and possibly it might be
a better way of preserving them than by drying them in the smoke."
"In dry, cool weather we might do so," I observed; "but in this hot
climate I doubt whether we could get the salt in with sufficient
rapidity to stop putrefaction. However, of course, it would assist in
preserving the meat."
"I am afraid you are right, Mr Walter," he answered. "At all events,
it is satisfactory to know that we can procure salt for our daily use."
"Oliver," I said, "I must ask a favour of you--it is, not to call me Mr
Walter. A common misfortune has made us brothers, and as a brother, I
am sure, I shall ever look upon you."
"I will do what you wish," said Oliver, "for I owe my life to you; yet,
though I regard you as a brother, I do not feel myself your equal."
"Do not talk of that, my dear fellow," I said. "We will not bandy
compliments. I should have been very miserable had I been left on this
island by myself, or even with so honest a fellow as our dark-skinned
friend here; for though we two might have been like Robinson Crusoe and
his man Friday, I have often thought that Crusoe must have passed many
dull and melancholy hours, without a companion with whom he could
exchange ideas on equal terms."
I felt much more at my ease after I had said this to Oliver. I had long
looked upon him as a very superior lad. His earnest piety, his courage
and his coolness, had made me greatly respect him. Had I been told to
choose a companion in the situation in which I was placed, I certainly
should have selected him. Our meal over, we went back to our sago-tree,
and commenced our work. We made some progress, but still clasp-knives
were very inadequate tools for the work we had undertaken. Every now
and then, as we were labouring on silently, we heard the same cry of
Wawk--wawk--wawk!--Wok--wok--wok! and caught sight of magnificent birds
flitting among the higher branches of the trees, but so rapidly did they
move, that we could scarcely distinguish their forms. We knew them,
however, to be birds of paradise, which Mr Hooker had fully described
to us. I knew from this that we must be on an island very close to the
shores of New Guinea, as Mr Hooker had told me these birds are only
found in that vast country, or in the surrounding islands. When
Europeans first arrived at the Moluccas to obtain cloves and nutmegs,
which were then supposed to be rare, and considered of great value, they
saw, in the possession of the natives, dried skins of birds of beautiful
plumage and unusual shape. On inquiring their name, they were told that
they were God's birds. As the bodies shown them had neither feet nor
wings, they easily believed the story they heard, that they had fallen
from the sun, and the Portuguese therefore called them birds of the sun.
The Dutch, who came afterwards, gave them the name of birds of
paradise. One of their early writers declared that no one had ever seen
them alive, that they existed only in the air, invariably keeping their
heads towards the sun, and never reaching earth till they died. Even as
late as 1760 they were supposed to have no feet, and Linnaeus calls them
footless birds of paradise. Another account says that they come to some
of the spice islands of the East to eat nutmegs, which so intoxicate
them, that they fall down senseless, and are then killed. Mr Hooker,
however, assured me that they were found only in New Guinea, and in a
few groups of islands in its immediate neighbourhood. There is a
considerable number of species of this bird, all of which have a
magnificent plumage. They are of moderate size, and are allied in their
habits and structure to crows, starlings, and to the Australian
honey-suckers. I longed to get some of these beautiful birds; but at
present we had too much important work on which our existence might
depend to allow me to make an attempt to obtain them.
We laboured on till the sun nearly reached the horizon, and then hurried
back to our hut. As may be supposed, as we passed along the shore we
took an anxious look-out in every direction to ascertain if any sail was
in sight; but the distant horizon still remained unbroken, as it had
been since the prow which had brought us to the island had disappeared
across it.
I was still unwilling to attack the mollusc; but Macco, cutting off some
slices, toasted them before the fire, and declared them very good. I
preferred supping on the remainder of the turtle's eggs, as did Oliver.
He, however, tried a bit of the mollusc, but agreed that, unless more
perfectly cooked, it was likely to prove very indigestible. Having
finished our repast, we crept into our hut. I should have said we had
strewn it thickly with leaves to serve as a mattress. The nights were
warm, and as there was no wind, we required no covering beyond that
afforded us by the roof. We agreed, however, that as soon as we could
manufacture some sago, we would build a more substantial mansion, in
which we might be able to live should the rains come on.
I cannot describe the incidents of each day; for having no note-book,
they are somewhat mixed up in my memory. For two days we laboured on at
the tree, and had now begun to make some progress. I became somewhat
eager at length, and hacked away incautiously with my knife. In so
doing, I caught it in the wood; and in drawing it out again, snapped the
blade across. Here was indeed a misfortune.
"O Massa Walter," exclaimed Macco, "dat bad!"
"It is indeed," I said; "for though you and Oliver may in time get
through the trunk with your knives, it will certainly take much longer."
"Not so certain of dat," said Macco. "An idea strike me. You take my
knife--don't break it, though--and I come back by-and-by and see what I
can do."
Saying this, he handed me his knife, and with greater caution I
continued my task.
"We must be content to chop out a little at a time," observed Oliver.
"Perseverance will succeed in the end. It might even be done with a
penknife, if we did not attempt to work too quickly."
Macco, after being absent an hour, returned with several articles in his
hand. One was a thick flat shell, something like an oyster-shell, only
very much larger. He had also brought some pieces of wood, with some
fibre to serve as string, and some small sticks of bamboo. He sat down
near us, and taking the shell, formed with the bamboo a small drilling
machine. With wonderful rapidity he worked away, drilling first one
hole and then another in the shell, till he had formed a line completely
across it. He now asked for his knife, and shaped away the wood he had
brought. Placing two pieces, one on each side of the shell, with
another at the back, he secured the whole together by means of the
fibre, binding it round and round through the holes, till he had formed
a serviceable-looking axe.
"Dere," he said, lifting the weapon.
"Let me have it!" I exclaimed. "I will work away gladly with it."
"No, no, Massa Walter," he answered. "I make de axe, I use it; if you
make it, you use it."
Macco, lifting his newly-made axe, advanced to the tree, and began
chopping away with careful and delicate strokes. He cut off only very
thin slices at a time, but by degrees he increased the rapidity of his
strokes, and I soon saw would produce far greater effect than we could
do with our knives. When he stopped, we set to work again. By the end
of the day, we calculated that we had got through more than half of the
trunk. It showed, at all events, what perseverance could do; and in
good spirits we returned to the shore. It was some time before sunset,
but we were anxious to try and find some more turtles' eggs. In vain,
however, we searched; and thinking that we might possibly find some more
further on, we continued our walk along the shore. We had gone some
distance without meeting with any success, when, the brushwood appearing
somewhat lighter, we determined to proceed a little way inland. We had
not gone far when we found a large mound fully six feet high, and, I
daresay, not less than twelve feet across. What it could be, we could
not at first tell. It seemed as if a building of some sort had stood
there, and the whole had tumbled down and been broken to atoms. We had
our bamboo spades with us, so we took it into our heads to dig into the
mound. It appeared to be composed, on examination, of dead leaves,
stones, earth, and rotten wood, and sticks of all sorts--indeed, every
variety of rubbish. At first I thought it might possibly be an ant's
nest, as I had read of the curious buildings formed by those creatures.
I had begun on one side; but Oliver went to the very top, and began
digging away. Macco could not assist us, as he said he had seen nothing
of the sort before. One thing we were certain of, that the mound was
artificial.
"I am afraid we are only wasting our time," I observed; "and it will be
better to go back to the shore to look for turtles' eggs; and perhaps we
may catch a turtle itself."
I had already begun to walk away, expecting my companions to follow,
when Oliver cried out, "Stay!--stay!--see here!" and he lifted up a
large egg of a light brick-red colour, fully as large as that of a swan.
I hurried back, and now, assisting him to dig, we uncovered a
considerable number--two or three dozen at least. I now recollected
having heard from Mr Hooker of a bird called the megapodius, which lays
its eggs in large heaps. It is said that a number of birds make these
mounds together. For this purpose they are furnished with large feet
and long curved claws, to enable them to scrape up the dirt and rubbish.
This they are supposed to do by labouring together; and they then,
making a hole in the centre, lay their eggs in it and cover them up.
The heat caused by the fermenting leaves is sufficient to hatch the
eggs; and the young birds then work their own way out of the mound, and
run off in a most independent manner into the woods, picking up their
food as they go. They are quite independent of parental control, and
seem at once to obtain all the knowledge they are ever likely to
possess. We determined to watch for the birds themselves, when we had
time, to learn more about them. Of the fact that they thus lay their
eggs, we now had a very pleasant proof.
"Stay," said Macco; "I make baskets to carry de eggs."
Ascending a tall palm-tree, he cat from the top some fan like leaves,
and descending, speedily wove them into three baskets, sufficient to
carry away our prize. We left, however, a portion to be hatched, not
liking to take the whole--indeed, there were more than we should
probably require while they remained good. We had not got far with
them, when a dreadful idea struck me.
"Suppose they are nearly hatched," I said; "I am afraid they would be
uneatable!"
Macco understood me, and laughed heartily. "Oh, dem bery good," he
answered. "Little bird better dan big, bird."
However, I could not agree with him. To satisfy myself, I at once broke
one. Greatly to my delight I found that it was perfectly fresh; and
probably, had we approached the mound more cautiously, we might have
found the parent birds in the neighbourhood, for it was evident that the
eggs could only just have been laid.
As may be supposed, we made a hearty supper. On examining our larder,
we found that the flesh of the cuscus was still perfectly fresh. At
first I had some repugnance to eating a new animal. However, the steaks
which Macco cut from the creature's fat sides looked so tempting that I
did not refuse the portion he offered me, and found it very delicate.
As the eggs were more likely to keep than the flesh of the animal, we
agreed to preserve it for our morning's meal, cooking only one, which we
divided amongst us. A couple we agreed would be sufficient for a hearty
meal; indeed, one was almost enough to satisfy a moderate appetite.
While we were eating it, we discussed the best plan for keeping our
eggs.
"What do you say to trying to hatch some of them?" said Oliver. "We may
then have some poultry about us, as I suppose, if we were to begin when
the birds are first hatched, we might tame them, and then, in case of
necessity, we may kill them for food."
There appeared to be no great difficulty in imitating the parents' way
of building. We therefore constructed a mound, similar in character to
the one we had discovered, and placed half-a-dozen eggs at the same
depth that we had found them. And, as far as we could recollect, in the
same position. The others were hung up in the air on the branch of a
tree in baskets, that they might be kept as cool as possible, hoping
thus that they would remain fit for food till they were exhausted.
"What cause we have to be thankful!" said Oliver. "See tow bountifully
we are supplied with food; and the care thus taken of us by a kind
Providence should make us trust that we may some day be rescued from our
position, and restored to our friends."