FORAGING
Sorely afraid though I was to go out of the cabin lest I find myself a
prisoner on the charge of being a spy, no danger however great could
have prevented me from following little Frenchie when he thus led the
way.
I was so timorous at that moment as to be irritated, and it would have
done me a world of good could I have taken the little lad by the
shoulders and shaken him severely, because of thus venturing forth when
he might have remained in hiding a few hours longer without suffering
overly much from lack of food.
Once in the open air, however, I the same as forgot that I was
faint-hearted, because of the scene which was presented. Looking
northward we could see closely surrounding us, hardly more than a
cannon-shot away, our people who had come to capture Cornwallis and his
men, and in so doing were preparing a way for our escape, if so be we
lived long enough to take advantage of the opportunity which they were
counting on offering.
It was a sight well calculated to warm even the most timorous heart,
that vast army pressing forward as if certain of victory, and holding
the enemy on this peninsula from whence he could not escape even by
water, for at Lynn Haven bay lay the French ships ready to intercept any
flight.
We of Virginia had remained so long under the heel of the invader, with
only now and then a glimpse of small detachments of our soldiers, that
it seemed for the moment almost incredible that there could be so many
men ready to sacrifice their lives in the effort to free the colonies
from the yoke of oppression which bore so heavily upon them.
Looking Gloucester way, by which I mean gazing across the encampment of
those who held our village of York in a wavering grasp, we could see
that the red-coats had not only withdrawn from the outermost works; but
appeared to be massed together close within the limits of the village as
if for mutual protection, and little Pierre, ever quick to see, and keen
to understand what he saw, said to me in a tone of triumph as he laid
his hand on my shoulder:
"Look yonder; see the red-coats huddling together like a lot of rats in
a trap, and verily they are trapped now, for so long as the French
vessels remain inside the Capes, so long are they shut in here at the
mercy of those brave fellows who have drawn the net around them!"
Then it was that I began to question if Cornwallis was indeed in such
close quarters? In the river lay, as I have already said, the
_Guadaloupe_ and the _Charon_, and in addition were a number of other
large vessels, the names of which I do not remember.
I asked myself whether, by making a brave attempt, they might not force
their way past the French fleet, and thus escape by the sea?
"There is no chance they will try anything of the kind," Pierre said
when I suggested that mayhap our people did not hold the British in
such a firm grasp. "Look more closely at the ships, and you will see
that but two of them are armed for war, the others being only
transports. What chance would all of them have against a single frigate?
No, no, Fitz Hamilton, Cornwallis knows only too well that he is in a
tight place; but he is not such a fool as to make so desperate a
venture. Here he has taken his stand, and here he must remain until
having beaten off our people, or made up his mind to surrender."
I wish it might be possible for me to paint a picture of the British
encampment surrounded by our brave Americans, as Pierre Laurens and I
saw it that afternoon when the shades of night were gathering. Points of
lights, betokening camp-fires, or torches set up in the entrenchments
that the troops might be able to strengthen their defences, twinkled in
every direction. Then was a zone of darkness lying between the enemy's
works and our forces, after which came again a circle of twinkling
lights that seemed to shine out in a most friendly fashion, as if
telling us lads to be of good cheer for kindly aid was nigh at hand.
Now and then would come a great flash of fire, followed by a heavy
booming noise, as one army or the other sent a shot across the lines to
show that all were on the alert, and again we could hear in this
direction or that, the sharp crackle of musketry which caused us to
start forward toward the sound believing a battle had begun. During all
the time we were besieged in the village of York did it appear to me
certain the two armies would come together immediately in a hand-to-hand
grapple, and many times did I believe the end was nigh at hand,
although never were both forces in their entirety engaged in conflict.
Not until night had fully come did Pierre and I cease to gaze around us,
at the same time exulting and despairing, allowing our eyes to rest
longest on the encampment of our friends, and then it was that the
little French lad brought me to a realization of the task before us, by
saying laughingly:
"We ventured out to forage, not to watch the two armies, and I am of the
opinion that we had best get about our work, else will Saul and Uncle
'Rasmus believe we have been taken prisoners. That cousin of yours is
none too patient under the best of circumstances, and I can fancy how he
is raving at this moment because of being forced to stay in the loft
guarding the prisoners, while the old negro remains at the window
watching for our return."
It was one thing to say we would forage, and quite another to do it.
There were provisions in abundance in the British camp; but no
possibility that we lads could come upon them, either by begging or by
stealing, while our only chance lay in finding some of the villagers who
were able and willing to minister to hungry boys without questioning
whether they were for the king or the colonies.
Left to my own devices, I should have returned to old Mary's cabin,
declaring it was impossible to get that which we needed; but Pierre was
not minded to confess himself beaten, and proposed that we present
ourselves boldly at a dwelling mayhap an hundred yards away, which we
knew was yet occupied by its owners.
I tried to dissuade him from such a course, insisting that most like
the people were Tories, else they would not have remained to be shut up
in this beleaguered village; but he only shrugged his shoulders and
waved his hands in that peculiar fashion of his, as he said in what he
counted should be a careless tone:
"It is better, Fitz Hamilton, that we are held in the guard-house even
under the charge of being spies, than that we starve to death, as you
must admit there is danger unless we speedily find provisions. Let the
people in yonder dwelling be Tories or Whigs, I question whether they
could get the ear of any British officer within a very short time, and
if we find that they are inclined to do us harm, it is only a case of
taking to our heels. Besides, I am of the mind that those who were rank
Tories yesterday, are standing undecided to-day until they shall see
which side wins the victory that they may put on the proper coat."
Then, without waiting to learn whether I agreed with him, the lad led me
forward by the arm with such a tight grip that I could not escape him
save by a downright struggle, and knocked boldly at the door of the
dwelling.
It was opened by an old man, whom I believed I had seen more than once
since we had come to this village of York in converse with some of the
red-coated officers, and even then I strove to pull Pierre back that we
might make our escape in the darkness.
With a strength such as I had not believed was his, he held me by his
side as he said to this man who might prove to be our bitterest foe:
"We are lads who came down from the Hamilton plantation to look after an
old negro who was too feeble to leave his quarters here, and now are we
shut in with nothing to eat and no way of getting provisions save by
begging. We ate our last morsel of food yesterday, and have come here
believing you would give from your store rather than sit down at table
knowing there were those near you dying from starvation."
"You don't appear to be very near death just now," the man said gruffly,
as he came nearer to peer into our faces. "So you belong on the Hamilton
plantation, do you?"
"Yes, sir."
"And when Captain Hamilton went North to join the rebel forces he left
an old negro in this village, did he?"
"It is not to my mind certain that Uncle 'Rasmus was here when Captain
Hamilton went away; but I know only too well he is now in this village,
and in need of food."
"I don't claim to know very much of military movements," the man said
grimly, having satisfied his curiosity regarding our personal
appearance; "but it seems to me you might have waited a little with the
belief that the rebels are bound to make their way inside those lines
whatever my Lord Cornwallis may do in opposition."
"It is painful waiting even for a short time, when one's empty stomach
reproaches him," little Frenchie said with a shrug of his shoulders, and
the man stood irresolute while I might have counted ten, after which he
wheeled about suddenly, and entered the house saying as he did so:
"Wait until I come."
You may be certain we waited, although I had many misgivings as to
whether the return would be to our advantage or to our sorrow, for
there was a possibility he might hold us until he could send word to
some of the Britishers telling them who we were and much of this fear I
whispered in Pierre's ear, whereupon he said cheerily, shrugging his
shoulders and waving his hands:
"I cannot believe any in this village would be so unwise, just at this
time, as to take advantage of our helplessness, save it might be such
cattle as Abel Hunt, for even the dullest must understand that our
friends are like to have the upper hands before this affair is finished,
and he who sent two lads to their death might himself suffer in like
fashion when the Americans held possession of this town of York, as they
are certain to do before many days have passed."
Whether the man to whom we had appealed was at heart a friend to the
colonies, or if he was prompted as Pierre had suggested, I cannot say;
but this much I do know, that he brought us in a bag near to half a
bushel of corn meal, and with it a large ham, saying as he laid the
provisions on the threshold:
"To these you are welcome, lad, whether you be for the colonies or for
the king; but I am asking that you do not come to me again with stories
of your hunger, for my larder is not so well filled that I can share it
with any outside my own family, lest we ourselves come to want before it
is settled as to who shall be master in the village."
Pierre thanked the man in a manner which would have been impossible for
me, tongue-tied as I always am at such a time, and then gathering up the
bag and the ham hastily we went with all speed toward old Mary's cabin,
mentally hugging ourselves because we had succeeded so well when there
seemed little possibility aught of good would come from our foraging.
No sooner had we opened the door of the hovel and spoken to Uncle
'Rasmus, when Saul cried impatiently from the scuttle above:
"There is no good reason why you should loiter around the encampment
when I alone am left in charge of the prisoners. Could you not
understand that I ought to be relieved after so long a watch?"
"We understand nothing save that it was necessary we bring back food,"
Pierre said laughingly, giving no further heed to Saul's impatience.
The lad would have set about building a fire that we might cook the
meat; but Uncle 'Rasmus eagerly prevented him from so doing, declaring
that such task belonged to him, and Pierre, with a laugh which had in it
much of content, gave way before the old negro and at once took up the
bucket, running out of the cabin to get a supply of water.
"Heard you aught of the Jerseyman?" Saul cried from above, and I replied
that there was little chance we could have had word concerning him.
If Morgan had been able to slip through the lines, then would there have
come to us no token whatsoever, and if peradventure the enemy shot him
while he was trying to make his escape, then again must we have remained
in ignorance, for at such a time when many thousand men were facing each
other, striving their utmost to kill or wound, the life of one, be he
soldier or spy, would appear of but little importance.
"I'se boun' to believe, honey, dat he got trou all right," Uncle 'Rasmus
said as he busied himself with preparations for the supper which we
needed so sorely. "Dat 'ere Jerseyman is mighty spry, I'se tellin' you,
an' ef he could hang 'roun' here wid de Britishers, keepin' his eye open
ebery time dey jumped, I'se 'lowin' he's gwine to make a small job ob
gettin' out ob dis yere place."
"If it's such a simple matter, why don't we try it ourselves?" Saul
cried and started with surprise, for that very thought had been in my
mind during the last five minutes.
So far as our being able to work benefit to the Cause was concerned, we
might as well have been on the Hamilton plantation, and there I most
ardently wished we were. It would be impossible, and most like
unnecessary, for us to get word of importance to our people, no matter
how many risks we ran, and I was of the mind that it was useless to take
any chances, for surely the Americans, being so near, could keep
themselves well informed of all that went forward in the encampment.
Pierre came back with the water; Uncle 'Rasmus made a pudding of the
corn meal, and toasted slices of the ham before the fire. Saul came down
from the loft, leaving the prisoners alone when the food was thus
prepared, and we three lads and the old negro enjoyed that meal,
surrounded though we were by enemies, more keenly than I ever remember
of pleasuring myself in a like fashion.
When our own hunger had been appeased we set about feeding the
prisoners, and this task in case of Horry Sims was a simple one, for we
dared set his hands free that he might wait upon himself; but when it
came to Abel Hunt it was a horse of an entirely different color.
We ran no little risk even in removing the gag from his mouth, and I
firmly believe but for the fact of Pierre's standing over him with the
loaded pistol which the Jerseyman had left for our use, threatening to
shoot with intent to kill if he uttered the slightest sound, the fellow
would have striven to give an alarm.
It was some minutes before he could work his jaws, so cramped were they
from being held fixed in one position since we had made him prisoner,
and then instead of eating, although I knew full well he must be hungry,
he set about threatening us with what he would do when he was at
liberty, striving to impress upon us that we could not hold him in the
loft many days without attracting some attention from the Britishers.
"I am well known inside these lines," he snarled, "and had been
intrusted with important business, so that if I fail to present myself
at headquarters within a reasonable time, search will be made for me.
You can guess what must be your plight once a squad of soldiers enters
this cabin to set me free."
"I'm thinking, Abel Hunt," Pierre replied softly, "that the Britishers
have got as much on their heads as can well be attended to just now,
without troubling their minds regarding you. Don't expect a squad of
red-coats to come here on your behalf very soon, and, in fact, I would
advise you to give over thinking of such a thing, for there is every
indication my Lord Cornwallis will be too deeply occupied with the
American army to give heed to Tories, however important they may believe
their business to be."
Abel continued to threaten, declaring he would send us to the gallows
before many days had passed, if we failed to release him, and he went
on in such strain until even Pierre lost his temper, and roughly told
him that unless he made ready for eating he would get no food until next
morning, whereupon the fellow opened his mouth obediently, much like a
calf.
Mine was the disagreeable task to feed him, and it may be I thrust the
pudding into his mouth with unnecessary force; but certain it is I was
in no wise tender with the scoundrel, for I knew to a certainty that if
the tables were turned, and we in his power, we might hold ourselves
fortunate indeed if we were given the slightest morsel to eat.
That night we lads took turns standing guard in the loft, each remaining
on duty two hours, although as Saul said, if we had been willing to
cause Horry Sims suffering, all of us might, by gagging him, have taken
the rest which we needed. I am not sorry that we failed of following my
cousin's suggestion, for since that day I have come to know from painful
experience how much suffering may be caused by a gag firmly fixed
between one's jaws.
There is no good reason why I should strive to set down all the doings
of each day while it seemed to me much as if our people were making slow
progress in this work of capturing my Lord Cornwallis.
Having been so successful in our first attempt at foraging, we went
almost boldly around the village when our store of provisions ran low,
begging at this house or at that without questioning whether the
occupants might be for the king or for the colony, receiving sometimes
with a generous hand, and then again in niggardly manner, at least
enough of food to keep us alive, although I am free to confess that
never once from the day the Jerseyman left us until I was home again on
the plantation, did I feel as though my stomach was well filled.
Instead of striving to tell what we lads did, which is of little
consequence compared with what was going on around us, I had best hold
this poor apology for a story to the movements of those brave fellows
who had come down from the North to rid our colony of Virginia from
red-coated invaders.
During all the while, whether by day or by night, one of us three lads
remained in the loft doing guard duty, while the other two, if by any
fortunate chance we had a small store of provisions on hand, were at
liberty to watch our people. It can well be understood how greedily we
gazed out upon that army which we counted friendly, watching for the
least change of position, and even questioning with impatience how long
it would be before the end came.
It was as if the Britishers gave no heed whatsoever to anything save
their own defense, and I question whether we lads might not have boldly
presented ourselves to the quartermaster begging for food and receiving
it, instead of striving as we did to keep ourselves from their
particular notice.
We could see day after day our people bringing up heavy guns, digging
ditches which Pierre called parallels, meaning embankments thrown up to
protect the advance of a besieging army, and otherwise seemingly making
preparations to fall upon the enemy in overwhelming force.
I remember well on going out early one morning, after it seemed to me
that we had been shut up in this town of York weeks and weeks instead of
only a few days, and seeing much to my surprise a parallel, or
embankment, not more than five or six hundred yards from the outermost
of the British works, which had been completed during the hours of
darkness. With a great joy in my heart I ran into the cabin to make
known the welcome news, for surely did it seem as if the American army
had taken their first step toward entering the village.
We expected each moment to hear sounds of conflict; those who were not
on duty in the loft remained out of doors watching the soldiers in the
distance, and greatly disappointed were we when night came and nothing
decisive, so far as we could see, had been done.
Next day Pierre pointed out to me as he and I stood overlooking the
American lines, that two or three redoubts were being thrown up, and
batteries placed in position. Then came that for which we had been
hoping and praying--the sounds of conflict.
It was in the afternoon that our people opened fire upon the enemy with
great vigor, and until the end came the earth trembled continuously
beneath the heavy detonations, while the smoke of the burning powder
hung over us until our throats were parched and smarting.
It is impossible for me to set down of my own knowledge all that was
done during this seemingly long time by the Britishers, for I saw only a
portion of the movements. Often the clouds of smoke prevented me from
seeing friend or foe, and again, when came this change of position, or
that counter-marching, I failed to understand the meaning, therefore it
is that again shall I make my story more plain by setting down the words
of another, which I have seen on a printed sheet:
[Illustration: "A GENERAL DISCHARGE ... WAS COMMENCED BY THE
AMERICANS."]
"The evening of the sixth was very dark and stormy, and under cover of
the gloom, the first parallel was commenced within six hundred yards of
Cornwallis's works. (Parallel is a technical term applied to trenches
and embankments dug and thrown up as a protection to besiegers against
the guns of a fort. In this way the assailants may approach a
fortification, and construct batteries within short gun-shot of the
works of the beleaguered, and be well protected in their labors.)
"General Lincoln commanded the troops detailed for this service. So
silently and so earnestly did they labor that they were not discerned by
the British sentinels, and before daylight the trenches were
sufficiently complete to shield the laborers from the guns of the enemy.
On the afternoon of the ninth several batteries and redoubts were
completed, and a general discharge of twenty-four and eighteen-pounders
was commenced by the Americans on the right.
"This cannonade was kept up without intermission during the night, and
early next morning the French opened their batteries upon the enemy. For
nearly eight hours there was an incessant roar of cannon and mortars,
and hundreds of bombs and round shot were poured upon the British works.
So tremendous was the bombardment that the besieged soon withdrew their
cannon from the embrasures, and fired very few shots in return. At
evening red-hot cannon balls were hurled from the French battery on the
extreme left, at the _Guadaloupe_ and _Charon_.
"The _Guadaloupe_ was driven from her post, while the _Charon_ and three
large transports were burned.
"The night was starry and mild, and invited to repose; but the besiegers
rested not, and York Town presented a scene of terrible grandeur such as
is seldom witnessed by the eye of man.
"From the bank of the river I had a fine view of the splendid
conflagration. The ships were enwrapped in a torrent of fire which
spread with vivid brightness among the combustible rigging, and ran with
amazing rapidity to the tops of the several masts, while all around was
thunder and lightning from our numerous cannon and mortars, and in the
darkness presented one of the most sublime and magnificent spectacles
that can be imagined.
"Some of our shells, over-reaching the town, were seen to fall in the
river, and, bursting, threw up a column of water like the spouting of a
monster of the deep. All night long the allies kept up a cannonade, and
early the next morning another British transport was set in flames by a
fiery ball, and consumed.
"During the night of the eleventh the besiegers commenced a second
parallel, between two and three hundred yards from the British works.
The three succeeding days were devoted to the completion of this line of
trenches, during which time the enemy opened new embrasures in positions
from which their fire was far more effective than at first.
"Two redoubts on the left of the besieged, and advanced three hundred
yards in front of the British works, flanked the second parallel and
greatly annoyed the men in the trenches. Preparations were made on the
fourteenth to carry them both by storm.
"To excite a spirit of emulation the reduction of one was committed to
the American light infantry under Lafayette; the other to a detachment
of French grenadiers and chasseurs commanded by the Baron de Viomenil, a
brave and experienced officer.
"Toward evening the two detachments marched to the assault. Colonel
Alexander Hamilton, who had commanded a battery of light artillery
during this campaign, led the advance corps of the Americans, assisted
by Colonel Gimat, Lafayette's aide; while Colonel Laurens, with eighty
men, turned the redoubt, in order to intercept the retreat of the
garrison.
"At a given signal the troops rushed furiously to the charge without
firing a gun, the van being led by Captain Aaron Ogden. Over the abattis
and palisades they leaped, and with such vehemence and rapidity
assaulted and entered the works, that their loss was inconsiderable. One
sergeant and eight privates were killed; seven officers and twenty-five
non-commissioned officers and privates were wounded. Major Campbell, who
commanded the redoubt, and some inferior officers, with seventeen
privates, were made prisoners. Eight privates of the garrison were
killed in the assault, but not one was injured after the surrender.
"The redoubt stormed by the French was garrisoned by a greater force,
and was not so easily overcome. It was defended by a lieutenant-colonel,
and one hundred and fifty men. After a combat of nearly half an hour,
the redoubt was surrendered. Eighteen of the garrison were killed, and
forty-two were made prisoners. The French lost in killed and wounded
about one hundred men.
"During the night of the fourteenth these redoubts were included in the
second parallel, and by five o'clock the next afternoon some howitzers,
which had been placed in them, were opened upon the British works.
"The situation of Cornwallis was now becoming dangerous. Beleaguered on
all sides by a superior force, his strongest defenses crumbling or
passing into the possession of the besiegers, and no tidings from
General Clinton to encourage him, the British commander was filled with
the gloomiest apprehensions.
"Knowing that the town would be untenable when the second parallel
should be completed, he sent out a detachment under Lieutenant-Colonel
Abercrombie, to make a sortie against the two almost completed batteries
guarded by French troops. They made a furious assault at about four
o'clock in the morning and were successful; but the guards at the
trenches soon drove the assailants back, and their enterprise was
fruitless of advantage.
"Cornwallis, confident that he could not maintain his position,
determined to make a desperate effort at flight. His plan was to leave
the sick and his baggage behind; cross over to Gloucester, and, with his
detachment there, disperse the French troops; mount his infantry on
horses taken from the duke's legion, and others that might be seized in
the neighborhood; by rapid marches gain the forks of the Rappahannock
and the Potomac, and, forcing his way through Maryland, Pennsylvania,
and New Jersey, form a junction with the army in New York.
"This was a most hazardous undertaking, but his only alternative was
flight or capture. Boats were accordingly prepared, and at ten o'clock
on the evening of the sixteenth a portion of his troops were conveyed
across to Gloucester. So secretly was the whole movement performed that
the patriots did not perceive it, and had not a power mightier than man
interposed an obstacle, Cornwallis's desperate plan might have been
successfully accomplished.
"The first body of troops had scarcely reached Gloucester Point when a
storm of wind and rain, almost as sudden and fierce as a summer tornado,
made the passage of the river too hazardous to be again attempted. The
storm continued with unabated violence until morning, and Cornwallis was
obliged to abandon his design. The troops were brought back without much
loss, and now the last ray of hope began to fade from the vision of the
earl."