Fro Stratton, not very far from the hedde of Tamar, to Padstow, the
contery by the north se ys rather hylle then montaynenius, and is very
fertile of gras and corne. And the clives of the sayd northe se,
betwne the places aforesayd, hath good fyne blew slates, apt for howse
kyveryng, and also hath diverse vaynes of leade and other metalles not
yet knowen.
Also abowt Camelford ar certen old mynes, wrought yn tymes past, but
of what metalle yt ys now onknowen. Withyn a myle above that poore
village sowth, runneth the ryver that goyth ynto the Severn Se at
Paddistow, and it is the greatest ryver on the north side of
Cornewale, and ys cawled yn the commune spech there Dunmere, and yn
the Kyngges grawnt of privilege to the Chanons of Bodmynne, and the
burgeses of the same towne, Alan, yt may fortune for Alaune. Sum
historyes cawl it Cablan. By this ryver Arture fawght his last field,
yn token whereof the people fynd there yn plowyng, bones and harneys.
Wythyn iiii. myles of the sayd Camylford, apon the north clif ys
_Tintagel_, the which castel had be lykekod iii. wardes, wherof ii. be
woren away with gulfyng yn of the se, insomuch that yt hath made ther
almost an isle, and no way ys to enter ynto hyt now but by long elme
trees layde for a bryge; so that now withoute the isle rennith alonly
a gate howse a walle, and a fals braye dyged and wallid. In the isle
remayne old walles, and in the est part of the same, the ground beyng
lower, remayneth a walle embateled, and men alyve saw theryn a postern
dore of yren. Ther is in the isle a prety chapel, with a tumbe on the
left syde. Ther ys also yn the isle a welle, and ny by the same ys a
place hewen owt of the stony grownd to the length and brede of a man.
Also ther remayneth yn the isle a grownd quadrant-walled as yt were a
garden plot. And by this walle appere the ruines of a vault. The
ground of this isle now nuryshyth shepe and conys.
_Paddistow_, a haven towne of one paroch of fysscher men, wher shyppes
cum not yn but at the flowyng water. The grownd by the se cost from
Paddestow to Saynct Anne’s Hille, wheron ys no maner of buylding, the
ground sumwhat hilly ys fruteful of corn and gresse, but with lytle
tynne.
In the est part of Paddestow haven be ii ―――― [ro]kketes that ―――― yth
se ――――. The est ―――― ys cawled ―――― tyre, and so ys the land that
lyeth agaynst yt.
Apon an viii myles from Paddestou ys a lytle howse of canons secular,
cawled _Crantoke_.
Fro Sainct Anne’s Hil to _Lanant_, a village, the contery by the north
se ys sumwhat hilly, sanday, and baren, and yn sundery places of the
same, wel replenyshed with tynne.
By Conarton cummith a rywer, cawllid Dour Conor, and goith to the se,
not far from Lanant ryver mouth.
From Lanant by the north se to _S. Just_, alias _Justinian_, wher ys
no thyng but a paroch chirch and divers sparkeled [_i. e._ scattered]
howses at the west poynt of the shore, cawlid ――――.
In the mouth of the ryver that cummyth by Lanant ys the rokket
Godryve, wheryn bredith se fowle.
The ground ys but baren, but yt hath yn divers places good tynne
warkes.
By al the north se yn Cornewale be sundry crekes, wher as smawle
fisshers’ bootes be drawne up to dry land, and yn fayr wether the
inhabitans fysche with the same.
At Paddestow Haven, Lanant, and S. Ives, the balinggars and shyppes ar
saved and kept for al weders with keyes or peres.
_Dosmery Poole_, stonding yn the east part of the same, sumwhat toward
the sowth, is of lenght by estimation ii. arow shottes, and of bredth
one, stonding on a hille, yn the est part of the which poole ys a vale
of xiiii. or xv. fadome depe by estimation, and owt of this poole
issueth a ryver, the which runnyng by the space of a myle and a dim.
ys of ii. fadome deep, and is cawled Depe Hatche. Looke wher he
issueth ynto the se.
Also yn the sayd hilly grownd and mooresch be redde deere, the wich
when they be schafed take the sayde poole for soyle.
Ther be of the _Isles of Scylley_ CXLVII, that bare gresse (besyde
blynd rokkettes) and they be by estimation a xxx myles from the west
part of Cornewale. In the byggest isle of the Scylleys, cawled S.
Nicholas Isle, ys a litle pyle or fortres, and a paroch chyrche, that
a monke of Tavestoke yn peace doth serve as a membre to Tavestoke
Abbay. Ther be yn that paroch abowt a lx. howseholdes. Ther is one
isle of the Scylleys cawled Rat Isle, yn the which be so many rattes,
that yf horse or any other lyving beast be browght thyther they devore
hym. Ther is another cawled Bovy Isle. Ther is another cawled
Inisschawe, that is to sey the Isle of Elder, by cause it berith
stynkkyng elders. There be wild bores or swyne.
From S. Just to Newlin eastward the grownd ys sumwhat hilly and
fertyle of gresse, with tynne werkes both weete and dry, without havyn
or creeke, savyng yn dyvers places ther remayne capstaynes, lyke
engins as shyppes doth way ther ancres by, wherwith they draw ther
bootes up to dry land, and fisch but yn fayr wether.
Also yn the sowth-west poynt betwyxt S. Just and Newlyn ys a poynt or
a promontory almost envyronid with the se, wheryn ys nothyng but as yt
were a hil enclustered with rokkes as yt had bene yn tymes past a
castel, (Castel Treuyne) and for the declaration therof there remayne
yet toward the land ii. wardes clene fawllen downe, but the stones of
them remayne ther very fayre and well quadrated. The ruine of the
fortelet yn the poynt ys at thys day a hold irrecuperable for the fox.
Ther lyith betwixt the sowth west and Newlyn a myle or more off the
se, _S. Buryens_, a sanctuary, wherby, as nere to the chyrch, be not
above viii. dwellyng howses. Ther longeth to S. Buryens a deane and a
few prebendarys, that almost be nether [never?] ther. And S. Buryens
ys a iiii. myles fro the very sowth-west poynt.
_Newlin_ ys a poore fischar towne, and hath alonly a key for shippes
and bootes, with a lytle socur of land water. Within a arow shoot of
the sayd key or pere, lyith directly a lytle low island, with a chapel
yn yt. And this lytle islet bereth gresse.
_Mowsehole_ ys a praty fyschar town yn the west part of Montes-bay,
lying hard by the shoore, and hath no savegarde for shyppes, but a
forced pere. Also yn the bay be est the same towne ys a good roode for
shyppes, cawled Gnaves Lake.
_Pensants_, abowt a myle fro Mowsehole, stonding fast in the shore of
Mont-bay, ys the westest market towne of al Cornwayle, and no socur
for botes or shyppes, but a forsed pere or key. Ther is but a chapel
yn the sayd towne as ys yn Newlyn. For theyr paroche chyrches be more
then a myle off.
_Marhasdeythyou_, [_Marketjew_,] alias _forum Jovis_, ys a fischar
towne, with a market, and standeth fast apon the shore of the bay,
directly agaynst the foote of S. Michael’s Mont northward.
In Marhasdeythyow ys but a poore chapel yn the mydde of the poore
town, and a lytle chapel yn the sand nere by the towne toward the
Mont. Be the west end of the towne ys a lake, or a _rivulus_, the
hedde wherof risith withyn a myle of Lanant northwordde fro
Marhesdeythyou. Betwyxt the hedd of this _rivulus_ and the nerest part
of the ryver of Heyle, that cummeth yn to the se at Lanant is not a
myle. And the grownd of bred [breadth] betwene the ful se marke at
_forum Jovis_, and the ful se marke of Lanant ryver, is not ii. myles.
The cumpace of the roote of the mont of _S. Michael_ is not dim. myle
abowt. The sowth-sowth-est part of the mont is pasturable and breedith
conys. The resydue hy and rokky. In the north-north-est ys a garden
with certen howses with shoppes for fischar men. The way to the
chyrche enteryth at the north syd from half heb to half fludde to the
foote of the mont, and so ascendeth by steppes and greces westward,
and thens returneth estward to the utter ward of the chyrch. Withyn
the sayd ward is a court strongly walled, wheryn on the sowth syde is
the chapel of S. Michael, and yn the east syde a chapel of our Lady.
The capytaynes and prestes lodginges be yn the sowth syde, and the
west of S. Mich. chapel. The Mont is enclosid with the se fro dim.
flud to dim. ebbe; otherwyse men may cum to the Mont afoote. Ther be
found from the inward part of the ―――― yvers ―――― re stones ―――― wes
and ―――― ois v miles ―――― the se. In the bay betwyxt the Mont and
Pensants be fownd neere the lowe-water marke rootes of trees yn dyvers
places, as a token of the grownde wasted. The cumpace of the bay ys
from Lyzart poynt to Newlyn abowt a xx. myles.
Wythyn iii. myles of Lyzart Poynt ys a lytle isle withyn the bay,
cawled _Inispriuen_, and conteyneth ii. acres of grownd, wheryn be
byrddes and conies. The ground fro Newlin to Loo Poole by the sowth se
ys not very fertile, but hath good tynne workes. Fro the poynt of
Lyzart to Hayleford haven the grownd is fertile of corn and gresse by
the sowth se. Also wythyn iii. myles of the sowth se betwene Haylford
and the est syde of Montes-bay is a wyld moore, cawled _Gunhilly_, i.
e. hilly hethe, wher ys brood of catayle. Also yn the west syde of the
poynt of Hayleford haven, and withyn the land of Meneke or Menegland,
is a paroch chirch of _S. Keveryn_, otherwis Piranus; and ther is a
sanctuary with x. or xii. dwelling howses, and therby was a sel [cell]
of monkes, but now goon home to ther hed hows. The ruines of the
monastery yet remenith.
Wythyn ii myles of the hedde of the ful se marke of Heyle ryver ys
_Heylston_, a market town, withyn the which ther is a cowrt for the
coynage of tynne kept twys yn the yeer. Yn the town is both a chapel
and a paroch, and yet apperith in the town _vestigia castelli_ yn the
west part. And a ryver runnyng under the same _vestigia_ of the castel
yssueth toward the sowthe see, stopped ther with sowth-est wyndes
casting up sandes maketh a poole cawled Loo, of an arow shot yn brede,
and a ii. myle in cumpas yn the somer; in the wynter, by reason of
fluddes, flowing to Heylston toun; wherby the mylles ner Heylston
beyng stopped, men be constrayned to cut the sandy banke betwyxt the
mowth of the poole and the se, wherby the water may have yssne, and
the mylles grynd, by the which gut so opened, the se floweth and
ebbeth yn to the poole, wherby se fysch enteryng with a sowth-est
winde ys closed yn the poole, the gut beyng agayn choked and fylled
with sand, and so after taken with trowtes and eles drawen yn the same
poole.
The cowntery fro Newlyn to Heylston ys meetely fertyle of gresse and
corn, and plentuus of tynne by the sowth se. Fro the mowthe of
Heylford to Falemuth be water ys iiii. myles.
_Falemuth_ ys a havyn very notable and famose, and yn a maner the most
principale of al Britayne; for the chanel of the entre hath be space
of ii. myles ynto the land xiiii. fadum of depes, which communely ys
caullyd Caryk-rood, by cawse yt ys a sure herboro for the greatest
shyppes that travayle be the ocean. At the entre of the haven lyith a
blynd roke covered at ful see nerer the west side of the haven then
the east, cawled Caregroyne, i. e. _Insula vel rupes potius vitulorum
marinorum_, alias Seeles. Seles when they cast theyr calves, they cum
to lond, and lay theyr _fœtum_ in a dry banke, the which they may com
to, and ther they suffer theyr _fœtum_ to tary a whyle or they bring
hym to the se. In the est syde of the sayde haven entereth a creek
flowing by the space of ii. myles ynto land, and ys fed at the hedde
with fresche water. Apon the sowthe syde of this creke ys a selle
longing to the howse of Plymton, cawled _S. Antony’s_, having but ii.
chanous. On the very north shoore of the sayd creeke towardo the
havyn’s mowth ys a poor fischar village, called _S. Mausa_, alias la
Vausa; and nygh to this village toward the same haven ys a fortelet
lately buylded by the contery for the defens of the haven. In the west
syde of the haven is a creeke that flowith up fro the haven’s mowth
ynto the land above iii. myles, at the very hedd of the which standeth
a prety town of marchandyse and vytayle market. Withyn the towne ys a
colleg wel walled and dyked defensabley cawled S. Thomas, wher be
seculer chanons and a provost. Also yn the towne ys a chapel, and a
quarter of a myle owt of the town ys the paroch chyrch; also viii.
myles and more above the sayd haven’s mowth is a market towne
est-north-est, cawled _Trureu_, wheryn is a mayre, and also coynag for
tynne, with a paroch chyrch and a blake freers. Also on the sowth-est
syde, at the hedde of the olde ful-se marke of Falemuth, is a market
toune xii myles. and more up ynto land, cawled _Tregoney_, wheryn is
an old castel and a paroch chyrch of S. James, standing in a more by
the castel, also a ch[apel?] standing yn the myddes of the towne; and
at the est end of the town a paroch chyrche.
_S. Austol’s_, a poore village with a paroche chyrch, is vi. myles
east fro Tregoney.
_Trewardreth_ Bay hath at the hedde on the est side a poore village
with a paroche chyrch, and a priory yn the same town of Cluny monkes.
From Falemuth to Trewardreth by the sowth se the ground is metely
fertyle of corn and gresse, and no tyn werkes from Falemuth to Dudman
Foreland.
In the mydde way betwene Falemuth and Dudman is an islet or roke
beryng gresse, cawled _Grefe_, a ii. acres about, but standyng yn the
myddes torring upright. Ther bredeth yn the isle se fowle.
Fro Dudman Foreland to Trewardreth, the contre sumwhat baren of gresse
and corne, and replenishid with tynne werkes, with vaynes yn the se
clyves of coper. From Trewardreth to Fowey town ys ii. myles. Bytwene
thes townes by the sowth se ther is plenty of corn and gresse, but no
tynne werkes.
The town of _Fowey_ ys a market town, walled defensably to the se
cost, and hath gates also. Yn the town is but one chyrche, but the
howses of the towne be well buylded of stone and yl enhabited. Also at
the entery of the haven on the west syd is a blokke howse and a chapel
of S. Catarine, be the same. Also ther is on the same syd a towre with
ordenans for defens of the haven.
On the west syde, a ii. myles up yn the haven, ys a fyssher towne
cawled _Gullant_.
At the hedd of the ful se marke of this haven, and a quarter of a mile
more, is the toune of _Lostwhythyel_, havyng a market, and ys the
shyre towne of Cornewal. For ther the shyre is kept by the shryfe ons
yn the moneth. Also at this town is quynag of tynne twys a yere. And
by the shyre hawle appere ruines of auncyent buyldinges. It is
evydently knowen that yt hath flowed to Lostwhythiel; but the spuing
of the sandes of the tynne werkes hath stoppe yt now. The litle rownd
castel of _Restormel_ standith in the kinges parke ny to Lostwithiel.
At the est syde of the haven’s mowth of Fowey stondith a towr for the
defens therof, and a chapel of S. Savyor a lytle above the same. Ny by
the sayd towr standith a fysshar village, cawled _Polruan_.
A myle beyond Polruen on the est syde of the same haven, stondith a
poore fisshar village, caullid _Bodennek_, Ther is the passage or
_trajectus_ to Fowey.
ii. myles above Bodennek ynto the land northward is a creke apon the
north syde, wheryn ys a sel of ii. blake monkes of Montegu, and is
dedicat to S. Sirice and Julit.
By est the haven of Fowey apon a iiii. myles ys a smawle creke, cawled
_Poul Pier_, and a symple and poore village apon the est syde of the
same, of fisshar men, and the bootes ther fishing by, saved by a peere
or key.
In the est syde also of this Poul Pyrre, ii. myles of, is another
creke cawled Loow, being but a tyde creke. For at low water benethe
the bridge a man may both wade and ryde over in the somer. Ther is on
eyther side of this smaule creke a smaule fissher villag hard on the
se shore, the one cawlled _Est_ and the other _West Loow_, Est Loowe
being a market towne, and yn eyther of them a chapel. Also yn the
sayde creekes mouth, neere sumwhat to the sowthe-west, is a lowe isle
cauled S. Nicholas Isle, not a quarter of a myle far the mayn shore,
and conteyneth a vi. or viii. acres in cumpace, and fedeth shepe and
conies, nurishing also broode of se byrdes. Ther is a bridg sumwhat
above thes ii. vyllages of x. or xii. stone arches, over the which men
passe when the se ys yn.
Fro Fowey haven to Lowe creeke the grownd ny the see syde ys very
fertile of corne and gresse, and no tynne werkes.
From Loowe Creke to Tamar ys a xii. myles toward the towne of
Plymmuth. Yn the west syde of Tamar, withyn iii. myles of the haven
muth of Tamar, is a symple fisshar towne called _Mylbrooke_. Also apon
another creke west of the sayd ryver, and nerer up, is a towne cawled
_S. Germayns_, wherin is now a priori of Blake Chanons, and a paroche
chirche yn the body of the same. Beside the hye altare of the same
priory on the right hand ys a tumbe in the walle with an image of a
bishop; and over the tumbe a xi. bishops paynted with their names and
verses as token of so many bishoppes biried there, or that ther had
beene so many bishoppes of Cornwalle that had theyr seete theer. And
at this day the bishop of Exceter hathe a place cauled Cudden Beke,
joyning hard apon the sowth-est side of the same toun.
North-est of S. Germaynes, vi. myles apon the ryver of Tamar, is a
market town cawled _Asshe_. And neere to the same, westward withyn ii.
myles, ys a rownd castel of the kinges, cawled _Trematon_, as a man
showld say the secund forteres on Tamar. At the towne of Asshe is a
passage or fery of a quarter of a myle over.
Also ii. myles fro Asshe northward ynto the land is a smaul village
cawled _Caregrin_. Est of this is Bere Parke and hous in Devonshire,
dividid from Caregrin _tantum Tamara_.
From Low to Tamar by the sowth se the grownd is fertile of corn and
gresse, but withowt tynne warkes.
_Launston_, otherwys cawlled Lostephan, yn old tyme cawlled Dunevet,
stondith ii. myles beyownd Powlston Bridge on Tamar westward. The
sayde town Dunevet, otherwise Lawnston, is a walled towne ny yn cumpas
a myle, but now ruinus. On the north side of the towne a castel
stonding on a hye hille withyn the sayd towne, hath iii. rownde
wardes. Part of the castel stonding northwest, ys parcel of the walle
of the town. Ther be withyn this town iii. gates and a postern; also a
gate to go owt of the castel ynto the old parke. Sum gentelmen of
Cornewal hold ther landes by castel-gard, that ys to say for
reparation of this castel and towne; and withyn this castel ys a
chapel, and a hawle for syses and sessions, for a commune gayle for al
Cornwayle is yn this castel. Withyn this towne is a market, a mayre
and burgesses, with a chapel of Mary Magdalen to theyr uses.
In a vale at the foote of the hil of the sayde town, abowt an arow
shot fro the castel northward, is a priory of chanons regular dedicate
to St. Stephan.
North-est, almost half a myle of the sayde priory, is a lytle village
apon a hille, and a paroche chirche of _S. Stephen_ yn yt. The opinion
is that the chanons first dwelled on this hille, and cam thens downe
to a better and a warmer site. In the priory chirche yarde standeth
also a paroche chyrche.
The wall of Dunevet ys hy, larg, and strong, and defensably set.
By the north side of the priory runneth a litle ryver.
In Dunevet be ii. conduites of derived water.
[44] Again noticed thus: “Ther lay buryed before the high
altare in a high tumbe of a very darkesche gray marble, one
Thomas Veviane, Prior of Bodmyn and Suffragane _Megarerutis
Episcopus_. He dyed not long sins,” Vol. iii. fol. 1.
[45] In the margin are the following notes on the Arundells:
“Humfre Arundale, a man of mene landes, brother to old
Arundale of Lanheron.
“Humfre Arundale, a man of mene landes, nephew to Arundale.
“Sir John Arundale, sun and heir to Arundale of Lanheron.
“Syr Thomas Arundale, brother to Sir John.
“―――― Arundal, brother to Syr John and Thomas, hath land of
his father’s ――――e.
“Arundale, of ―――― in Falmuth haven, cum out of the house of
Lanheron. Cariehayes, where Trevagnion now dwellith, was
once the Arundalles.”
[46] In the margin are the following notes on the Vivians:
“Vivian’s grandfather was a man of mene land.
“Vivian’s father was a galant Courtier set forth by Somerset
Lord Herbert.
“Vivian now being heir, hath sum more land then his father
had, and yet he hath scant an hunderith markes by yere.
“This Vivian hath an uncle, a lawier, a man of mene landes.
“The heir of the eldest house of the Vivians is now lord of
Tredine Castelle at the southe-west pointe of Cornewal.
“There was found, _in hominum memoria_, digging for the fox,
a brase [pot] ful of Roman mony.”
[47] Market-jew or Marazion.
[48] In a side note “Cenor, and of sum caullid Kenor, ubi
pauca vel nulla vestigia.”
[49] That is, fed or supplied: as a fire was fed with
_betars_.
[50] Leland repeats this statement: “Thomas Treury _now
living_ made a blocke house on S. Catarine’s Hill bottome.”
Hearne’s edit. vol. iii. p. 34, note.