MENOPAUSE OR CHANGE OF LIFE
In the previous chapter on Puberty, it was stated that the menstrual
function began in the average girl at fifteen years of age and continued
until the forty-fifth or fiftieth year.
At this later age it ceases, together with her sexual or child-bearing
capabilities and is known as the Menopause or Change of Life.
This constitutes a period from the beginning of irregularities in the
appearance of the menstrual flow, until it has actually ceased, which
period usually lasts two and one-half to three years.
Thousands of women know nothing of the period which, like puberty, they
must pass through, but are entirely ignorant of the process.
It is usual for them to look toward this age with dread and foreboding;
where a little knowledge of the nature of the process would enable them
to enter upon this period physically prepared, which would insure their
safe arrival through this dreaded and much-feared period.
The greatest change occurring in the woman at this time is that which
goes on in the ovaries. They cease to do their work and ovulation stops.
The first indication that the woman has, that this is likely to occur,
is by the ceasing of the menses or monthlies.
Ovulation, however, very often continues for several months, even a year
after menstruation has entirely ceased.
The glandular tissues of the uterus, tubes and ovaries degenerate, which
is said to account for the Menopause, and that of the ovaries occurs
later than the tubes and uterus, which explains the continuance of
ovulation after the menses have stopped.
In a few women the Menopause is accompanied by very little or almost no
discomfort at all, just a sudden stopping of the monthlies announces to
them that this period has come.
The majority, however, do not pass through this time so easily, but
suffer for the entire period with one affliction or another.
Among those symptoms most common are flushings or flashes, which are
mostly confined to head, face and neck, are increased by heat and motion
and followed by profuse sweating, giddiness, backache, headache,
sleeplessness, disturbances of digestion like diarrhoea or constipation,
blueness, depression of spirits, shortness of breath, palpitation and
nervous irritability.
But the most alarming symptom of the Menopause is hemorrhage. This is
too often considered lightly and classed with the minor symptoms of this
period.
Whenever there is excessive bleeding, there is surely a cause and calls
for special and immediate attention. It may be caused by an inflamed
condition of the lining of the uterus (womb), ulceration, general
diseases of the heart, lungs and kidneys can also be the cause of
excessive bleeding at this period. Some authorities claim that it also
has its cause in early or profuse menstruation, too frequent and
difficult labors, abortions and alcoholic drinking, but the most common
cause of hemmorhage at this time is cancer. It is a fact that cancer in
women, from the age of 40 to 50 is more common that at any other age.
Perhaps it is not generally known that cancer is now known to begin as a
local disease, and if taken in time it can be removed so completely that
a radical cure follows. No wonder then, that hemmorhage should be an
alarming symptom, for if care is not taken and the dreaded disease,
cancer, is allowed to take root, the results are too generally known to
dwell upon. At the first signs of hemorrhages or excessive flow, a woman
should place herself under the care of a gynecologist (specialist in the
diseases of woman), just as a pregnant woman is under the care of a
physician until she is entirely free from the dangers of childbirth.
Women have heretofore looked to this period with dread, on account of
the consequences which neglect has caused. It need not be dreaded for
assuring word comes from prominent physicians who have made this special
period a study, that the natural symptoms of the Menopause do not
portend loss of life, reason or health. It is a period as natural to the
woman as menstruation and with little care, these symptoms or ailments
will cease in a few years, leaving the woman to enjoy years of good
health.
When the period is delayed beyond the fiftieth year, it calls for the
same attention as excessive flow. These are two important signs of
disease, and should receive immediate care. The period is, however,
often brought about at an earlier age than is normal, by mental or
physical shock, illness, operations, etc.
The age at which it occurs often differs with climate, race and
according to Kisch, social relations, who claims, that the sexual
function is “generally abolished earlier in the laboring classes, who
are compelled to work hard and have many cares,” and further states that
a vigorous vitality causes prolongation of the menstrual process.
In the average woman it does not cease at once, but has two or three
periods of cessation, returns again for an irregular period and
continues in this irregularity for the entire time of two and one-half
to three years. It is important to know that the changes which are going
on in the organs of the woman are exactly opposite from those which
occur at puberty.
At puberty the organs are increasing with life, vigor, and vitality,
while at the Menopause they are receding or going backward.
The generative organs gradually but surely shrink or atrophy after
menstruation stops. The uterus becomes small. The vagina, whose walls
were formerly corrugated or wrinkled, now become smooth. The orifice or
opening of the vagina, becomes shrunken, unless it has been previously
enlarged by child-bearing. The whole process tends to show that the
child-bearing period is at an end, which in fact has caused much mental
anxiety and disturbance among women to the extent of melancholy and
insanity.
It seems a very small things to give to every woman, going through this
disagreeable period of life—a complete change of climate and rest, until
the change has become established. Certainly she has served society to
the best of her knowledge, often “entering into the valley of the shadow
of death”; many times fearlessly, to give the best of herself to the
race. It is a small thing to give in return.
Tilt believes that unmarried women suffer less at this period than
married women, and says: “As at puberty, from the ignorance in which it
is still thought right to leave young women, so at the change of life,
women often suffer from ignorance of what may occur, or from exaggerated
notions of the perils which await them.”
All that is needed is to keep guard on one's self—watch the diet and
bowels. A light vegetable diet seems best at this time unless very
actively engaged in physical exercise, then meat once a day. Keep free
from foods difficult to digest, cheese, fried foods, hot bread, etc.,
drink plenty of water and eat fruit to keep the bowels open; slight
exercise in the open air, rest, sleep and freedom from mental anxiety
are the simple rules which are generally prescribed for women at this
time.
Tilt says: “The best way to avoid the danger of this critical time is to
meet its approach with a healthy constitution.” And again says, “All
complaints remain chronic because there is not stamina enough to carry
them through their stages.”
It is the opinion of the foremost medical men that if women at the first
sign of irregularities, consult a gynecologist, it would be the means of
saving thousands of lives every year, and would prepare women to enter
upon the post-climatic period in health and happiness.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion I cannot refrain from saying that women must come to
recognize there is some function of womanhood other than being a
child-bearing machine. Too long have they allowed themselves to become
this, bowing to the yoke of motherhood from puberty to the grave. No
other thought has entered the mind except to be a good mother—which has
usually meant a slave-mother. This has been her only use, her only wish
and hope—and when the age arrives where she cannot perform this function
longer, she considers herself useless. No wonder she becomes melancholic
or even insane.
Fortunately the woman of today is gradually ridding herself of such
archaic notions. More and more is she realizing that motherhood is only
one of her capabilities; that there are certain individuals more fitted
for motherhood than others, just as individuals are better fitted for
nursing, teaching, etc.
And further must she realize that though she is past the age of
motherhood, yet she is still a woman with all the instincts and
experiences which motherhood has bestowed upon her, and she can now
begin a new development, based upon these valuable experiences, she can
now enter into public life unhampered by the details of kitchen and
babies, for as she completes her work and passes on, others come in to
take her place.
Being free from domestic and maternal cares enables her to give to
society the benefit of her matured thought, seasoned and enriched by
these experiences.
She often does enjoy the best health of her life after the Menopause and
this, together with a vista of a future of usefulness, should open to
the woman in the post-climateric period, a new life—a new world.
In completing this series of articles I cannot refrain from uttering
just a word about the relation of the entire subject I have been
discussing to the economic problem. It is impossible to separate the
ignorance of parents, prostitution, venereal diseases, or the silence of
the medical profession from the great economic question that the world
is facing today. It is here ever before us, and the more we look into
the so-called evils of the day the more we realize that the whole
structure of the present day society is built upon a rotten and decaying
foundation. Until capitalism is swept away, there is no hope for young
girls to live a beautiful life during their girlhood. There is no hope
for boys or girls to build up strong and sturdy bodies. There is no hope
that a woman can live in the family relation and have children without
sacrificing every vestige of individual development. There is no hope
that prostitution will cease, as long as there is hunger. There is no
hope for a strong race as long as venereal diseases exist. And they will
exist until women rise in one big sisterhood to fight this capitalist
society which compels a woman to serve as a sex implement for man's use.
Education is necessary—education is the need of the people. For this
will soon enable one to see that knowledge alone does not suffice, but
that it is only through economic security that the man and the woman
will emerge in a future civilization.
(The end.)
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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
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End of Project Gutenberg's What Every Girl Should Know, by Margaret H. Sanger