3. The =Red Sea=, on the southwest (Exod. 15. 4; Num. 33. 10; 1 Kings 9.
26).
4. The =Med-i-ter-ra'ne-an Sea=, on the central west. Note its names in
Josh. 1. 4 and Deut. 34. 2.
5. The =Dead Sea=, north of the eastern arm of the Red Sea (Gen. 14. 3;
Deut. 4. 49; Joel 2. 20; Ezek. 47. 18).
6. =Lake Chin'ne-reth= (ch pronounced as k), the name in the Old
Testament for the Sea of Gal'i-lee (Num. 34. 11; Josh. 13. 27).
III. Next we indicate the =Mountain Ranges=, most of which, though
important as boundaries, are not named in the Bible.
1. We find the nucleus of the mountain system in =Mount Ar'a-rat=, a
range in the central north (Gen. 8. 4). From this great range three
great rivers rise and four mountain chains branch forth.
2. The =Cas'pi-an Range= extends from Ar'a-rat eastward around the
southern shore of the Cas'pi-an Sea.
[Illustration: MAP OF THE OLD TESTAMENT WORLD.]
3. The =Za'gros Range= extends from Ar'a-rat southeasterly to the
Per'sian Gulf, which it follows on the eastern border.
4. The =Leb'a-non Range= extends from Ar'a-rat in a southwesterly
direction toward the Red Sea. Mount Her'mon, the mountain region of
Pal'es-tine, Mount Se'ir, on the south of the Dead Sea, and even Mount
Si'nai, all belong to this chain (Deut. 3. 25; Josh. 13. 5; 1 Kings 5.
6).
5. The =Tau'rus Range=, from Ar'a-rat westward, following the northern
shore of the Med-i-ter-ra'ne-an.
IV. The =Rivers=, for the most part, follow the lines of the mountain
ranges.
1. The =A-rax'es=, from Ar'a-rat eastward into the Cas'pi-an Sea, may be
taken as the northern boundary of the Old Testament world.
2. The =Ti'gris=, called in the Bible _Hid'de-kel_, flows from Ar'a-rat,
on the southwestern slope of the Za'gros mountains, in a southeasterly
direction into the Per'sian Gulf (Gen. 2. 14; Dan. 10. 4).
3. The =Eu-phra'tes=, the great river of the Bible world, rises on the
northern slope of Ar'a-rat, flows westward to the Tau'rus, then
southward, following Leb'a-non, then southeasterly through the great
plain, and finally unites with the Ti'gris (Gen. 2. 14; 15. 18; Josh. 1.
4; 24. 2).
4. The =Jor'dan= flows between two parallel chains of the Leb'a-non
range southward into the Dead Sea (Gen. 13. 10; Num. 22. 1; Judg. 8. 4).
5. The =Nile=, in Af'ri-ca, flows northward into the Med-i-ter-ra'ne-an
Sea (Gen. 41. 1; Exod. 2. 2).
V. The Old Testament world has three =Natural Divisions=, somewhat
analogous to those of the United States.
1. The =Eastern Slope=, from the Za'gros mountains eastward to the great
desert.
2. The =Central Plain=, between the Za'gros and Leb'a-non mountains, the
larger portion a desert.
3. The =Western Slope=, between Leb'a-non and the Med-i-ter-ra'ne-an
Sea.
VI. We arrange the =Lands= according to the natural divisions, giving
locations, and not boundaries, as these changed in every age.