Christmas fare, origin of, 356-358
Cilia, animals provided with, and action of, 194, 195, 207
definition of term, 194
uses made of, by unicellular animals, 195-197, 207
“Cirrhipedes,” Darwin’s discovery with regard to, 23, 24
Civilisation, scientific knowledge as affecting, 16
Clothes moths, 341
_Coccidæ_, relationship of aphides to, 323
Colour, in bird’s feathers, 55, 56
nature and properties of light as affecting, 52-55
Comets, ancient records of, exaggeration in, 227, 229
composition of, 234, 235
Donati’s, imposing size of, 227
early superstitions with regard to, 227, 228
elliptical orbits of, 233
Halley’s—Chinese astronomical observations relating to antiquity of, 230
length and breadth of orbit, 233
length of tail, 227
predicted recurrences by discoverer of, 226, 230
recent appearance of, 226, 230, 236
significance of date of return, 228, 229
superstition and consternation caused by, 230, 231
William the Conqueror’s “star,” identical with, 231
important, various, 227
Milton’s reference in _Paradise Lost_ to, 228, 229
periodic and wandering, distinction between, 233, 234
photographs obtained at Royal Observatory, Greenwich, of new, 225, 226
shooting stars and, connection between, 235, 236
signification of name, 227
superstitions with regard to, 229
Corrèze skull, 371
Cromagnards, designation of Reindeer men as, reason for, 390
Cuba, measures adopted for prevention of yellow fever and malaria in, 2, 3
Darwin Centenary Celebration at Cambridge, 18, 33, 38
Darwin, Charles—
comparison between theories of Lamarck and, 19, 20
connection with University of Cambridge, 36
establishment of “natural selection” theory, 34
extent of time spent in experiments and observations, 18-19, 22-23
friendly relations between Wallace and, 13, 37
geological discoveries of, 24
Henslow’s influence upon, 36
“Natural selection” theory explained, 27-29
study of disease influenced by discoveries and research of, 39, 40
_Darwinism_ (Wallace), 15, 16 (quotation)
Death-rate, diminished, reasons accountable for, 284, 285
health of locality determined by, 283
records of, methods of keeping, 283, 284
Death-watch beetle, 351, 352
De Lastic, Vicomte, carvings from caves in collection of, 79
Dewar, Sir James, experiments of, 183
Divers, Mediterranean, suggested inhalation of pure oxygen gas by, 261
Diving, Fleuss apparatus, diluted oxygen supply to, 263-265
Donati’s comet, 227
Dragon, heraldic, description of, 114, 115
Dragons, classification of, by heralds, 120
conventional, probable sources of, 126
probable origin, 121-123
snakes and, connection between, 120-123
tradition of, reasons for discrediting suggested, 118-120
Drugs, individual variability (idiosyncrasy) with regard to, 102
Eau-de-Cologne, volatile oils from aromatic plants of Riviera used
in manufacturing, 47
“Eel-fare,” term for annual “running up” of young eels, 67, 70, 73, 75
Eel-fisheries, regulation and encouragement by Danish Government of inland, 65
German Government of inland, 65, 66
Eels, age of, knowledge resulting from power of telling, 69
shown by scales, 69
common, period when change from “yellow” to “silver” takes place in, 67, 69, 70
reproduction, migrations and habits of, 66-67, 69-76
“leptocephalus-young-phase” or tadpole of, 71-73, 75
migrations of, geological changes as affecting, 74
Petersen’s researches with regard to “silver,” 68, 69
popularity of, abroad, 65, 66
rare occurrence of, in river Danube, 74, 75
“Elvers,” term for young eels, 66, 67, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76
Europe, iron, stone, and bronze ages of, 375-377
Evelyn, diary of, 229 (quotations)
Feeble-minded, distinctions between lunatics and, 274-276
laws relating to lunatics and, need for improvement in, 275
necessity for state guardianship of, 276-278
Feeble-minded children, 278
Feeble-mindedness, atavism suggested cause of, 274
hereditary transmission of, 277
occurrence of cases in all classes of community, 276
views of Government Commission on origin of, 281
Festivals, Christmas, origin of children’s customs associated with, 361-362
English Christmas, introduction of turkey in connection with, 358
origin of heavy feeding at, 357
prehistoric and barbaric customs in connection with, 356-357
Fever, yellow, comparative death-rate from, in Panama Canal zone, 2-4
measures adopted in Cuba and Panama for prevention of, 2, 3
Fish, shell-fish and, individual susceptibility to poison from, 102, 103
Fishes, age of, method of telling, 69
poisonous, 103
poison-spines of, 107, 111
Fixed stars, 221
Flack, Mr. Martin, experiments of, with regard to oxygen gas, 260
Fleuss apparatus, 263-265
Flowers, perfumes discharged into the air by, various effects of, 105, 106
France, cultivation of purple variety of poppy in, 364
French archæologists, leading discoveries with regard to prehistoric
man made by, 371, 372
Frogs, common, eggs of, 209, 212
growth from the egg, 213-215
English species, 216
European species, 216, 219
green tree-frog of Riviera, 49, 50, 52, 55
method of catching prey, 219
Furniture worm, 351, 352
Gases—
oxygen, action of ordinary, 259
experiments as to possible use by athletes, 260-263
Fleuss diving apparatus and diluted supply of, 263-265
ozone, destructive powers of, 253
discoveries of Andrews and Tait with regard to, 252
experiments of Schönbein with regard to, 251, 252
methods of producing, 252, 253, 258
nature of, 252
proportion of, to fresh country or sea-coast air, 253
result of experiments with regard to, 259
signification of name, 252
therapeutic value and uses of, 258, 259
use in water-purification, 256, 258
Geology, Darwin’s discoveries in, 24
table showing history of man in Western Europe, 384 _bis_
Germany, custom of eating preserves with meat in, prevalent, 358
predominance of scientific knowledge in, 8
Gnats, _Anopheles_, malaria germ carried by, 3
_Stegomyia_, yellow fever germs carried by, 2, 3
Gorgas, Colonel, work of, in connection with yellow fever and malaria, 2-5
“Gossamer,” origin of term, 289
Grassi, discovery of the history of the eel by, 70-72
Green-flies, 322
Green tree-frog, 49, 50
Griffin, heraldic, 116
Guinea-pig, native home and original introduction of, 360, 361
various names given to, 360, 361
Halley, Edmund, astronomical discoveries of, 226
date of death, 230
foundation of Royal Society Club by, 230
law of movement of comets discovered by, 226, 230
Milton and, scholars of St. Paul’s School, 228, 229
Newton and, friendship of, 230
Halley’s comet, 226, 230
Hansen, leprosy-bacillus discovered by, 240
Hay fever, individual susceptibility to, 102, 104, 105
probable cause, 105
similarity between vegetable poisonings and, 105
Heart, action of nervous system upon, in man and higher animals, 151
muscular contraction, cause of, 150, 151
rate of beat in higher and lower animals, 152-154
in human species, 151, 152
significance of its beat, 147, 148
valves, action of, 149
Hedge-sparrow, 267
Henslow, Professor, Darwin as influenced by, 36
Herschel, Sir John, definition of word “species” by, 14, 15
Hertwig, Professor, German representative at Darwin Centenary Celebration, 33
Hill, Dr. Leonard, experiments of, with regard to use of oxygen gas, 260-265
Hipparion horse, 84, 85, 86
Hippopotamus age, 380, 386
Histology, origin of, 176
Hook, Robert, _Micrographia_ by, 173, 288, 289
Hooker, Sir Joseph, Darwin and Wallace papers communicated to
Linnean Society by, 12, 13
Hop-blight, causes of, 317-319
prevention of, 318, 319
Hop-louse, 317
Hops, brewing industry as affecting growers of, 321
cultivation of, 315-316
curing of, 320
English growers as affected by American and German hop-plantations, 320, 321
uses made of, 315
Horses, absence from American continent in fifteenth century of
living asses, zebras, and, 89
ancestral, change in size and proportions of, 84, 85
lower Tertiary Hyracotherium, 84
middle Tertiary, 84
“pre-orbital cup” in Hipparion, 85, 86
upper Tertiary Hipparion, 84-86
ancestry of, scientific points of interest with regard to, 83-90
descent from Arab ancestry evidenced by presence of “pre-orbital cup” in, 86
English thoroughbred, history and ancestors of, 82, 90
“Ergot” of, 89
European, stock from which derived, 77-78
fossil remains of extinct, in North and South America, 89, 90
mark of difference between asses, zebras, and, 87, 88
mastery and muzzling of, by ancient cave-dwellers, 80, 81
Mongolian wild, absence of “pre-orbital cup” in, 86
derivation of European horses from, 77-78
description of, 78
prehistoric European, verified by ancient carvings found in caves, 79-81
selective breeding of, from time of cave-men onward, 82, 83
Southern or Arabian breeds of, presence of “pre-orbital cup” in, 86, 87
House-sparrows, 266
Huxley, Professor, calculation of, with regard to fecundity of plant-lice, 338
Hydra, heraldic, derivation of, 116
Hyracotherium horse, 84
India, practice of opium eating in, 366
Infants, blindness of, congenital, 272
mortality of, varied congenital defects causing, 272
Insects, association of, with plants, 296
colour-protection and invisibility of, 304-312
destructive invasions made by various, 339-345
jumping bean as exemplifying association of plants and, 297, 298-300, 302
parthenogenetic powers possessed by certain, 331, 332
poisonous, methods of self-protection used by, 101, 102
various weapons of, 111
“silver-fish,” depredations of, 351
skin burrowing, 112, 113
wood-boring, 346-354
Jelly-fishes, common, description of, 58
fresh-water, discovery of African, 61, 62
Chinese, 63
Philadelphian, 63, 64
Regent’s Park, 59, 60
reproduction of, 60, 61
poison-bearing threads of sea-anemones and, 110
Jumping bean, Mexican, caterpillar contained in, 229, 300, 302
movements of, 298, 299, 302
plant from which derived, 301, 302
relationship of insect and plant exemplified in, 297, 298-300, 302
Kew Gardens, beauty and interest of, 302, 303
specimens of _Rhus toxicodendron_ at, 93, 94
Koch (Berlin), cholera-bacillus discovered by, 240
tubercle-bacillus discovered by, 240
Ladybird, 325
Lamarck, inferiority of scientific methods, as compared with Darwin, 19-22, 26
_Philosophical Zoology_ by, 20
Lankester, Sir Ray, address by, Darwin Centenary Celebration at Cambridge, 33-37
Leprosy, bacillus of, discovery by Hansen, 240
“Leptocephali,” discovery of, 70-72
Life, protoplasm the seat of, 182-184, 328
Herbert Spencer’s definition of, 183, 184
Light, rate at which it travels, 221
Locusts, winged serpents and, probable connection between, 124-125
Lunatics, distinctions between feeble-minded and, 274-276
laws relating to feeble-minded and, need for improvement in, 275
Lyell, Sir Charles, Darwin and Wallace papers communicated to
Linnean Society by, 12, 13
Malaria, comparative death-rate from, in Panama Canal zone, 2-4
measures adopted in Cuba and Panama for prevention of, 2, 3
Mammoth age, 380, 386
Man, sleep of, compared with repose or quiescence of other living things, 159-161
Mankind, congenital defects in, causes of, 273
Mental defect, 274
Metchnikoff, Professor, discoveries with regard to use and value
of “phagocytes,” 39
experiment by, in connection with cholera-bacillus, 241
experiments and investigations of, for prevention of
“senile change,” 40-43
influence of Darwin’s discoveries upon study of disease by, 39, 40
researches of, with regard to microbian flora of localities, 249
Russian and French representative at Darwin Centenary Celebration, 33, 38
Tolstoi’s meeting with, 43, 44
use of sour milk prepared with lactic ferment introduced by, 41, 42
_Micrographia_ (Hook), 173, 289
Microscopes, improvements in, 173, 176-178
Milton, celebration of tercentenary of birth, Halley’s comet in relation to, 228
Halley and, scholars of St. Paul’s School, 228, 229
Mistletoe, pre-historic rites associated with, 362
Mollusca, animals classed as, and definition of word, 129
Molluscs, protection of young, 137-139, 144, 146
Mongolian wild horses, 86
Morley, Lord, installation of, as Chancellor of Manchester University, 6
Morphia, product of opium poppy, 363
Moths, British species allied to Mexican “jumper,” 300, 301
clothes, mischief effected by caterpillar of, 341-343
movable case made by caterpillar of, 341-343
propagation of, 341
various species of, 343-345
Mexican “jumper,” 300, 301
silk threads produced by caterpillars of certain, 293
Mountain-climbing, use of oxygen gas in, suggested, 263
Moustierian period, definition of, 384, 385, 408
skulls and skeletons found in cave-deposits allotted to, 371, 385,
393-395, 406, 408
Mussels, pond and river, propagation of, 144, 145
protection of young, 144
Mycenæ, discovery of, by Schliemann, 16
Neander men, comparison between skulls of Australian aborigines and, 396, 397
inferiority of, as compared with Cromagnards, 390
reasons for recognition of, as distinct and primitive species, 371,
385, 390, 402-403, 407
Neolithic Period, civilisation comprised in, 377-378, 380
definition of, 377
Nettles, poisonous stinging hairs of, 103, 104
Newton, Sir Isaac, discovery of law of gravitation, 230
Halley and, friendship of, 230
Opium, derivation of word, 364
eating, practice in India of, 366
medicinal value of, 368
poppy used for manufacture of, 363, 364
smoking, introduction by Chinese of, 366-367
Osborne, Professor, United States representative at Darwin
Centenary Celebration, 33
Oxygen gas, 259
Oysters, care of breeding, methods adopted for, 141
classification of, 129
common, protection of young, 134, 144
destruction of typhoid germs in, 128, 129
French “green,” 141, 142
gill-plates or “beard,” 131
growth and maturity of, 134, 136
heart and blood-vessels, 132
lake, cultivation by ancient Romans, 140, 141
nervous system, 132
primeval man and, 139
propagation of American and Portuguese species, 137, 143, 144
common or North Sea and Channel species, 132-137, 143
structure and nature of, 129-137
Ozone gas, 251
Palæolithic period, definition of, 377
period of chipped flints, primitive arts and surroundings of, 378-381
Panama, measures adopted for prevention of yellow fever and malaria in, 2, 3
Perrier, Edmond, French representative at Darwin Centenary Celebration, 39
Petersen, researches of, with regard to “silver” eels, 68, 69
Pettenkofer (Munich), experiment by, in connection with cholera-bacillus, 240
“Phagocytes,” use and importance of, 39, 179
_Philosophical Transactions_, date of first published number, 229
_Philosophical Zoology_ (Lamarck), 20
Phylloxera, 336
injury and loss caused by, 334, 337
introduction into Europe, 337
parasitic nature of, 337
propagation of, 336, 337
Piette, M., carvings from caves in collection of the late, 79, 80
Planets, changes on, probable result of, 223, 224
Plant-lice, 322
Plants, American, poisonous stinging hairs possessed by certain, 104
association of, with insects, 296
jumping bean as exemplifying association of insects and, 297, 298-300, 302
movements of, definite and varied, 160, 161
poisonous, special chemical substances produced from, 100
use of, in manufacture of Eau-de-Cologne, 100, 101
Plasmogen, formation of, 190-192
Pleistocene period, discovery of remains belonging to, 383, 385, 386
skeletons, found in caverns of Mentone, 398-399
epochs, table of, 384 _bis_
Pliocene period, discovery of remains belonging to, 386, 388
distinctions between Pleistocene and, 386-387
Poisonous animals, 101
fish, 103
insects, 102
plants, 92, 100, 104
Poisons, distinctions between gut-poisons and wound-poisons, 106-107
immunity from wound-poisons, method of producing, 107, 108
Poppies, cultivated variety from which opium manufactured, 363
cultivation of, in remote ages, 364, 365
earliest cultivation of, for oil, 363, 364
English varieties of, 363
opium, introduction from Europe into Far East of, 363-365
origin of medicinal uses of, 364, 365
Population, increased, due to higher birth-rate amongst
poorer classes, 279, 285, 286
Post-Tertiaries (or Quaternary), gravel and cave-deposits termed, 83
Proteids, building up of, in plants, 204, 205
cell-protoplasm consisting of, 189, 190
chemical composition of, 188, 189
“Proteus,” definition of term as applied to unicellular animals, 193, 194
Protoplasm, chemical elements contained in, 187
death caused by destruction of, 183-185
active life of, 182-184, 328
explanation of term, 170-172, 328
Quaternary (Post-Tertiaries), 384 _bis_
Reindeer age, 384 _bis_
Reindeer men (or Cromagnards), artistic work of, 383, 390, 391, 393
brain cavity of, comparable with modern European, 388, 390
customs of, 391, 393
skulls and skeletons of, found in cave-deposits, 391, 393
_Rhus toxicodendron_, American poison-vine or, poisonous nature of, 92
case of poisoning by, recorded in _The Spectator_, 96
differences and resemblances between Virginian creeper, Veitchii, and, 93
individual susceptibility to poison of, 94, 96, 102
painful malady produced in certain persons by poison of, 91, 92
recognition in United States and Japan of danger of, 92, 98
results of examination in laboratory at University of
Harvard (Mass.), with regard to, 94
similarity between poisonous properties of Chinese primrose and, 104
specimens at Kew Gardens, 93, 94
use in Japan, 92
Riviera, cultivated trees and plants of, 47-49
flowers for sale, cultivated in, 56, 57
green tree-frog of, 49, 50, 52, 55
meteorological conditions of, 46
primitive vegetation of, 46, 47
tree-frog, blue variety of, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56
vegetation of, influence of man upon, 57
Salamanders, European species, various, 218
Mexican, various species of, 215, 216
Sanitation, active development in Great Britain, cholera panic as affecting, 239
Schliemann, discovery of Troy and Mycenæ by, 16
Schönbein, experiments of, with regard to ozone, 251, 252
Schwann, Professor, “cell theory” of, explained, 174-176
Science, discoveries in, satisfaction experienced by those making, 1
sensibility to art compatible with capacity for, 44
state officials’ opposition to, 286
value and importance of, 7, 8
Scorpions, poison of, experiments with regard to, 108-110
Sea-anemones, poison-bearing threads of jelly-fishes and, 110
Serpents, winged, probable connection between locusts and, 124-125
worship and propitiation of, 122-123
Shell-fish, poison-glands of, 111
boring in stone, 347, 348
Siebe, Gorman and Co., perfected diving dress constructed by, 265
“Silver-fish” book-worm. See Insects
Skulls, ancient and modern, comparison between, 410
comparison between, of various periods, 393-401
Corrèze, comparison between Neanderthal and, 403-406
discovery of, 371, 374, 390, 402
restoration of, 410-411
European, compared with Neanderthal and Corrèze, 406
Sleep, alternation of night and day in its bearing upon periodic, 157-158,
159, 167, 168
animals’ winter, 165, 166
artists’ varied portrayal of, 156, 157
definition of term, varied, 157-161
irregularities and abnormal manifestations of, 164-166
length and duration of, conditions affecting, 166-167
man’s, compared with repose or quiescence of other living things, 159-161
salient feature connected with, 161-164
Shakespeare on, 155, 156 (quotations)
Snails, whelks and propagation of, 137, 138
protection of young, 137, 138
Snakes, dragons and, connection between, 120-123
winged serpents, and probable origin of, 121-125
Solar system, comparative distance from “fixed stars,” 221-222
Sound, rate at which it travels, 221
Sparrows—
hedge and house, distinction between, 267
differences between, 266-268
cuckoo eggs laid in nests of, 266, 267
use to agriculturists, 267
house and tree, close connection between, 268
harm done by, 267, 268
hidden or latent capacity in, 268
probable effects of destroying, 268
various species related to, 268
_Spectator, The_, case of poisoning by _Rhus toxicodendron_ recorded in, 96
Spiders, garden, use made by astronomers of thread of, 262, 263
gossamer threads of minute autumn, 287-289
spinnerets of, 289-291
threads produced by, various uses made of, 289-292
various species of, 289
Spurges (_Euphorbiaceæ_), various species of, 301
Star-fishes, propagation of, 329-330
Stars, early superstitions with regard to, 227, 228
fixed, comparative distance of solar system from, 221
estimated number of, 222
measurement of, 225
“photographic,” estimated distance of, 223
shape of, 231, 233
“Vega,” position of, 224, 225
_Stegomyia_ Gnat, 2, 3
Stings, poisonous, American plants possessing, 104
comparison between plants and animals possessing, 97, 106
nettles and other plants provided with, 103, 104
Stone-borers, shell-fish and worm, 347-349
“Suspended animation,” examples of, 168, 169
Symbolism, legendary monsters in relation to, 125, 127
Tadpoles, food of, 211, 212
growth and development of, 210,211
gigantic, 218
Tait, discoveries of, with regard to ozone, 252
Tapestry, Bayeux, representation of Halley’s comet in, 231
Tertiaries, the, sand and clay deposits termed, 83
Thayer, Abbott, colour-protection and invisibility of animals
as demonstrated by, 306-312
Troughton, use of spider’s lines in telescopes introduced by, 292
Tissue, explanation of term, 174
Toads, English species, 216
European species, various, 216-219
gigantic tadpoles of spur-heeled, 216-218
method of catching prey, 219
Tolstoi, Metchnikoff’s meeting with, 43, 44
“Toxin,” conversion into “anti-toxin,” 102
Trees, English, derivation of various, 57
Tree-sparrows, 268
Trout, “natural selection” theory in relation to increased caution of, 269, 270
Troy, discovery of, by Schliemann, 16
Tubercle-bacillus, discovery by Koch, 240
Turkey-cock, native home and original introduction of, 358-359
various names given to, 359
_Two on a Tower_ (Hardy), quotation from, 220
Unicorn, heraldic, origin of, 127
Universities, extension and diffusion of science by, need for, 6, 8, 9
Oxford and Cambridge, reasons for inefficiency of, 10
Oxford and Cambridge, result of usurpation by wealthy classes, 9, 10
Upas-tree, Java, fabled effect of, 96
“Vega,” position of our sun and planets with regard to star, 224, 225
Village population, increasing degeneracy of, 270, 278, 279
Wallace, Alfred Russel, _Darwinism_ by, 15, 16 (quotation)
friendly relations between Darwin and, 13, 37
theories of, 12-14, 26
Wood, protection against “worm” and “mould,” methods advocated for, 354, 355
“worm-eaten,” production of, 349
Wood-borers, animal, 346-347
death-watch beetle, 351-352
furniture beetle, 348-350
Worms, stone-boring, 347-349
Wyvern, heraldic, 116
Yellow fever, 2-4
_Printed by_
MORRISON & GIBB LIMITED
_Edinburgh_
* * * * *
A SELECTION OF BOOKS PUBLISHED BY METHUEN AND COMPANY: LONDON 36 ESSEX
STREET W.C.
CONTENTS
PAGE
General Literature 2
Ancient Cities 15
Antiquary’s Books 15
Arden Shakespeare 15
Classics of Art 16
“Complete” Series 16
Connoisseur’s Library 16
Handbooks of English Church History 17
Illustrated Pocket Library of Plain and Coloured Books 17
Leaders of Religion 18
Library of Devotion 18
Little Books on Art 19
Little Galleries 19
Little Guides 19
Little Library 20
Little Quarto Shakespeare 21
Miniature Library 21
New Library of Medicine 21
New Library of Music 22
Oxford Biographies 22
Romantic History 22
Handbooks of Theology 22
Westminster Commentaries 23
Fiction 23
Books for Boys and Girls 28
Novels of Alexandre Dumas 29
Methuen’s Sixpenny Books 29
FEBRUARY 1910
A SELECTION OF MESSRS. METHUEN’S PUBLICATIONS
In this Catalogue the order is according to authors. An asterisk denotes
that the book is in the press.
Colonial Editions are published of all Messrs. METHUEN’S Novels issued
at a price above 2_s._ 6_d._, and similar editions are published of some
works of General Literature. Colonial editions are only for circulation
in the British Colonies and India.