7. To think: it is the main term associated to any operation on symbolic
models.
For human beings, usually, the symbolic models are mixed with image models but
when "to think" is used, the general frame continues to be a symbolic one.
8. Intelligence: is the facility to make and operate a long-range model. There
is a kind of intelligence based on image models (human and animal) and one
based on symbolic models (human only).
9. To represent: there is a complex model, which is too big to be used as a
whole. Such a model can be associated to a simplified model, which on its turn
is associated only to a section of the main model. Such a model represents the
main model on the restricted domain. We should never forget that a
representation model is based on the main model, and the main model only is
fully associated to the external reality.
10. Emotion: this is a temporary state which occurs when a new external
reality appears, and no suitable short-range model is available. Emotion is
associated ONLY to a lack of a suitable SHORT-RANGE model. In such a situation
the PSM is activate. But the activated PSM does not consider this external
reality as a dangerous situation. Even so, it builds a suitable element. Such
an element is self-developing to understand the new external reality. The
emotion starts when PSM is activated, and disappears when a new suitable
short-range model is activated. Because emotion is associated with the
activation of PSM, in an emotional status, the conciousness disappears or is
at least attenuated.
The brain can predict the possiblity that an emotional status occurs.
Sometimes such status can be prevented by a suitable WBAM, built in advance.
That is, a ZM will build a WBAM based on the available information about a
future new external reality. ZM will activate that WBAM when the new external
reality occurs (see also the general theory).
We already emphasized that emotions are associated to the lack of a short-
range model, when a new external reality occurs. The word "angry" can be
associated with the lack of a long-range model associated with a full section
of the external reality (for instance when a person lives in an environment,
which he/she doesn't fit in). In such a situation, the PSM is activated as
well, but it has no solution. In fact, PSM can't build a long-range model. A
long-range model is difficult to build, because it starts from a general model
which is not directly associated to a specified external reality. The lack of
a suitable long-range model means that many short-range models can become
unstable, due to a lack of correlation between them. Such a person has a
feeling that there is a problem, but he/she cannot identify it. Such a person
is in an angry-status. About the same considerations can be associated to the
word "anxiety". Here we can see a class of problems associated to the fact
that the words in common life are not associated to the hardware and so, the
external definitions are not precise enough. As the language will evolve based
on internal definitions, the quality of the language will improve.
MDT is able to generate a definition, and then a word has to be associated to
that definition. Unfortunately, the words have already an external definition.
Thus, there are two possibilities: to invent a new word, or to use an already
existing word. In the latter situation, two definitions associated to the same
word could exist: an internal one generated by MDT, and an external one, as we
can find in dictionaries. My decision was to use as much as possible the
already existing words, with the risk to have two different definitions
associated to the same word. As MDT will be accepted, all the words associated
to functions of the brain will be associated only to their internal
definitions.
11: To be irritated, to be under stress
Such a phrase is used when there is a temporary situation of instability of
the structure of models. Such a status can affect the short-range models (to
be irritated) or the long-range models (to be under stress).
In the following, we will describe some situations when such a temporary
instability can occur.
11a. There is a normal model associated to the actual external reality. The
problem occurs when such external reality evolves in a cyclical way, for very
long time. In such a situation, the prediction of the evolution of the
external reality is identical with IR, forever.
If the external reality is a sound, and if the sound contains a sequence which
is repeated on and on, this uses a lot of energy of the brain for a nonsense
activity (due to the hardware design, it is impossible not to hear a sound).
Because the activation of other models becomes difficult, there will be an
instability of the structure of models, and so there is an irritation-status.
Examples: the use as weapon of the rattlesnake's rattle and of the "Chinese
drop"
It is important to observe two parameters: the length of the sequence and the
repetition interval. The musical piece called "Bolero" by Maurice Ravel
contains a sequence, which is long enough to produce no irritation. In fact,
every time when the sequence is repeated, there are other musical instruments.
In this way, this musical piece is not too close to the irritation limit. Even
so, at the end of the piece, the repeated sequence ends, producing an instant
relaxation.
Let's see this problem in the case of visual arts. Let's suppose a large white
surface. Such a surface can produce irritation, because in any point of this
surface, the IR is identical with the prediction. There is a natural tendency
to put some elements on that surface, to reduce the irritation. But, if the
details are randomly spread, the prediction will be different of the IR in
most of the points. This also can produce some irritation. The solution found
in about all cultural zones and times was to have some sequence made of
identical elements, but every element has to be complicated enough so that
sometimes the IR is identical with the prediction, and sometimes not. When
such a surface is explored, the brain seems to have a pleasure. The pleasure
can be defined as a situation when the prediction is close to IR, but about
never the same. This can be seen mainly on cultural products of ancient
cultures, but also nowadays.
We can see this also on the shape of the Christian cross: a Christian-Orthodox
cross has more detail than a Christian-Catholic cross because the Orthodox
religion is mostly oriented to image models while the Catholic religion is
more oriented to symbolic models.
The modern cultural zones are based mainly on symbolic models. There is a
reduced tendency to see all the details in a symbolic environment. Thus a
perfectly plane surface, without details, will produce no irritation. This is
so because, in a symbolic environment, the interaction based on image models
is not important anymore.
11b. The lack of stability of the structure of models could occur when the
external reality is unchanging for a very long time. Here, the prediction is
also identical with IR, but there is an additional technological feature,
which will be described below.
As we know from the main theory, any active model will predict in a continuous
automatic way the possible evolution of the external reality (this is a basic
hardware feature). Now, the problem is how often this prediction is made. My
supposition is that the speed of this activity is variable, and depends on the
speed of changing of the external reality. That is, when the external reality
is changing very fast, the new predictions are made also very often.
Now, if the external reality is not changing anymore, there could be a
problem: the model has to make a new prediction, but there is no reason to do
this. Such a situation can also produce a temporary perturbation of the
stability of the structure of models, i.e. irritation.
In such a situation, the brain could activate other ZMs, (e.g. ZMs which are
not connected to the unchanging external reality) up to the moment when there
will be a change in the main external reality. This activity could be a source
of mistakes or even accidents, as the local-ZM becomes, temporarily, one,
which is not connected to the main external reality. The accidents can occur,
for instance, when the external reality is changing and the suitable local-ZM
has not enough time to reinitialize.
Example: a driver is in a hurry and stops at a stoplight. The external reality
is not changing for a while and so there could be an irritation. Under stress
conditions, the driver could activate another model (associated or not to the
external reality) and so, he/she is not properly prepared for the moment when
the traffic light changes to green. Because this is an important source of
irritation, in some cities there is an additional display, which counts the
time for red or green status, and so the irritation is diminished.
Thus, time flows with a variable speed, depending on the speed of change of
the external reality (see ETA about "time").
11c. The word "irritation" is used also when an external factor interferes
with the activity of a main model. This external factor could also activate
the PSM. Such a situation can also affect the stability of the structure of
models and so, produce irritation.
As we know, faced with a new external reality (for instance a strong noise),
the brain will switch from the actual-ZM to another model, which understands
the new situation. When such external perturbation occurs on and on, the brain
is forced to switch the ZMs very often. Such activity can be affected by
mistakes, because switching from a model to another is a very complex
activity. When a model is deactivated, some information has to be stored to be
used when the model will be reactivated. Sometimes, the external reality can
change so much that the stored information becomes of no use. But the brain
does not know easily if the stored information is good or not at the new
activation. So, there could be mistakes, and the stability of the structure of
models can also be affected (irritation occurs).
Because the activation and deactivation of a symbolic model is much more
complicated than for an image model, the switching between a symbolic model
and an image model, or even worse, between two symbolic models, is very
dangerous (don't use the mobile phone when you drive, e.g.)