THE PROVIDING AND CARE OF FAMILY STORES.
The art of keeping a good table, consists, not in loading on a variety
at each meal, but rather in securing a _successive_ variety, a table
neatly and tastefully set, and everything that is on it, cooked in the
best manner.
There are some families who provide an abundance of the most expensive
and choice articles, and spare no expenses in any respect, who yet
have everything cooked in such a miserable way, and a table set in so
slovenly a manner, that a person accustomed to a _really_ good table,
can scarcely taste a morsel with any enjoyment.
On the contrary, there are many tables where the closest economy is
practised, and yet the table-cloth is so white and smooth, the dishes,
silver, glass, and other table articles so bright, and arranged with
such propriety, the bread so white, light, and sweet, the butter so
beautiful, and every other article of food so well cooked, and so
neatly and tastefully served, that everything seems good, and pleases
both the eye and the palate.
A habit of _doing everything in the best manner_, is of unspeakable
importance to a housekeeper, and every woman ought to _aim_ at it,
however great the difficulties she may have to meet. If a young
housekeeper commences with a determination to _try_ to do _everything_
in the best manner, and perseveres in the effort, meeting all obstacles
with patient cheerfulness, not only the moral, but the intellectual
tone of her mind is elevated by the attempt. Although she may meet many
insuperable difficulties, and may never reach the standard at which
she aims, the simple effort, _persevered_ in, will have an elevating
influence on her character, while at the same time she actually will
reach a point of excellence far ahead of those who, discouraged
by many obstacles, give up in despair, and resolve to make no more
efforts, and let things go as they will. The grand distinction between
a noble and an ignoble mind is, that one _will_ control circumstances;
the other yields, and allows circumstances to control her.
It should be borne in mind, that the constitution of man demands _a
variety_ of food, and that it is just as cheap to keep on hand a good
variety of materials in the store-closet, so as to make a frequent
change, as it is to buy one or two articles at once, and live on them
exclusively, till every person is tired of them, and then buy two or
three more of another kind.
It is too frequently the case, that families fall into a very limited
round of articles, and continue the same course from one year to
another, when there is a much greater variety within reach, of articles
which are just as cheap and easily obtained, and yet remain unthought
of and untouched.
A thrifty and generous provider, will see that her store-closet is
furnished with such a variety of articles, that successive changes can
be made, and for a good length of time. To aid in this, a slight sketch
of a well-provided store-closet will be given, with a description of
the manner in which each article should be stored and kept, in order
to avoid waste and injury. To this will be added, modes of securing a
_successive variety_, within the reach of all in moderate circumstances.
It is best to have a store-closet open from a kitchen, because the
kitchen fire keeps the atmosphere dry, and this prevents the articles
stored from moulding, and other injury from dampness. Yet it must not
be kept warm, as there are many articles which are injured by warmth.
A _cool_ and _dry_ place is indispensable for a store-room, and a
small window over the door, and another opening out-doors, is a great
advantage, by securing coolness, and a circulation of fresh air.
_Flour_ should be kept in a barrel, with a flour scoop to dip it, a
sieve to sift it, and a pan to hold the sifted flour, either in the
barrel, or close at hand. The barrel should have a tight cover to keep
out mice and vermin. It is best, when it can be conveniently done,
to find, by trial, a lot of first-rate flour, and then buy a year’s
supply. But this should not be done, unless there are accommodations
for keeping it dry and cool, and protecting it from vermin.
_Unbolted flour_ should be stored in barrels, and always be kept on
hand, as regularly as fine flour.
_Indian meal_ should be purchased in small quantities, say fifteen or
twenty pounds at a time, and be kept in a covered tub or keg. When new
and sweet, it should not be scalded, but when not perfectly fresh and
good when used, it is improved by scalding. It must be kept very cool
and dry, and if occasionally stirred, is preserved more surely from
growing sour or musty.
_Rye_ should be bought in small quantities, say forty or fifty pounds
at a time, and be kept in a keg, or half barrel with a cover.
_Buckwheat_, _Rice_, _Hominy_, and _Ground Rice_, must be purchased in
small quantities, and kept in covered kegs, or tubs. Several of these
articles are infested with small black insects, and examination must
occasionally be made for them.
_Arrowroot_, _Tapioca_, _Sago_, _Pearl Barley_, _American Isinglass_,
_Macaroni_, _Vermacelli_, and _Oatmeal_, are all articles which help
to make an agreeable variety, and it is just as cheap to buy a small
quantity of each, as it is to buy a larger quantity of two or three
articles. Eight or ten pounds of each of these articles of food can
be stored in covered jars, or covered wood boxes, and then they are
always at hand to help make a variety. All of them are very healthful
food, and help to form many delightful dishes for desserts. Some of
the most healthful puddings are those made of rice, tapioca, sago, and
macaroni, while isinglass, or American gelatine, form elegant articles
for desserts, and is also excellent for the sick.
_Sugars_ should not be bought by the barrel, as the brown is apt to
turn to molasses, and run out on to the floor. It is best to keep
four qualities of sugar on hand. Refined loaf for tea, crushed sugar
for the nicest preserves and to use with fruit, nice brown sugar for
coffee, and common brown for cooking and more common use. The loaf can
be stored in the papers, on a shelf. The others should be kept in close
covered kegs, or covered wooden articles made for the purpose.
_Butter_ must be kept in the dryest and coldest place you can find, in
vessels of either stone, earthen, or wood, and never in tin.
_Lard and Drippings_ must be kept in a dry, cold place, and should not
be salted. Usually the cellar is the best place for them. Earthen, or
stone jars are the best to store them in.
_Salt_ must be kept in the _dryest_ place that can be found. _Rock
salt_ is the best for table salt. It should be washed, dried, pounded,
sifted, and stored in a glass jar, and covered close. It is common to
find it growing damp in the _salt stands_ for the table. It should then
be set by the fire to dry, and afterwards be reduced to fine powder
again. Nothing is more disagreeable than coarse or damp salt on a table.
_Vinegar_ is best made of wine, or cider. Buy a keg, or half barrel of
it, and set it in the cellar, and then keep a supply for the castors in
a junk bottle in the kitchen. If too strong, it _eats_ the pickles.
Pickles never must be kept in glazed ware, as the vinegar forms a
poisonous compound with the glazing.
_Oil_ must be kept in the cellar. _Winter strained_ must be got in cold
weather, as the _summer strained_ will not burn except in warm weather.
_The best of lard_ oil is preferred to every other by those who use it.
Some lard oil is very poor.
_Molasses_, if bought by the barrel, or half barrel, should be kept
in the cellar. Sugar bakers’ is best for the table, and Porto Rico
for cooking. If bought in small quantities, it should be kept in
a demijohn. No vessel should be corked or bunged, if filled with
molasses, as it will swell, and burst the vessel, or run over.
_Hard Soap_ should be bought by large quantity, and laid to harden on
a shelf, in a very dry place. It is much more economical to buy hard,
than soft soap, as those who use soft soap are very apt to waste it in
using it, as they cannot do with hard soap.
_Starch_ it is best to buy by a large quantity. It comes very nicely
put up in papers, a pound or two in each paper, and packed in a box.
Starch, which by the single pound is five cents a pound, if bought by
the box, is only three cents a pound, and this makes a good deal of
difference, in a large family, by the year. The high-priced starch is
cheapest in the end.
_Indigo_ is not always good. When a good lot is found by trial, it is
best to get enough for a year or two, and store it in a tight tin box.
_Coffee_ it is best to buy by the bag, as it improves by keeping. Let
it hang in the bag, in a dry place, and it loses its rank smell and
taste.
_Tea_, if bought by the box, is about five cents a pound cheaper than
by small quantities. If well put up in boxes lined with lead, it keeps
perfectly. But put up in paper, it soon loses its flavor. It therefore
should, if in small quantities, be put in glass, or tin, and shut tight.
_Saleratus_ should be bought in small quantities, then powdered,
sifted, and kept tight corked in a large mouth glass bottle.
It grows damp if exposed to the air, and then cannot be used properly.
_Raisins_ should not be bought in large quantities, as they are injured
by time. It is best to buy the small boxes.
_Currants_ for cake should be prepared as directed for cake, and set by
for use in a jar.
_Lemon_ and _Orange Peel_ should be dried, pounded, and set up in
corked glass jars.
_Nutmeg_, _Cinnamon_, _Cloves_, _Mace_, and _Allspice_, should be
pounded fine, and corked tight in small glass bottles with mouths
large enough for a junk bottle cork, and then put in a tight tin box,
made for the purpose. Or they can be put in small tin boxes with tight
covers. Essences are as good as spices.
_Sweet Herbs_ should be dried, and the stalks thrown away, and the
rest be kept in corked large mouth bottles, or small tin boxes.
_Cream Tartar_, _Citric_ and _Tartaric Acids_, _Bicarbonate of Soda_,
and _Essences_, should be kept in corked glass jars. Sal volatile must
be kept in a large-mouth bottle, with a ground glass stopper to make it
air-tight. Use cold water in dissolving it. It must be powdered.
_Preserves_ and _Jellies_ should be kept in glass or stone, in a cool,
dry place, well sealed, or tied with bladder covers. If properly made,
and thus put up, they never will ferment. If it is difficult to find a
cool, dry place, pack the jars in a box, and fill the interstices with
sand, very thoroughly dried. It is best to put jellies in tumblers, or
small glass jars, so as to open only a small quantity at a time.
The most easy way of keeping _Hams_ perfectly is to wrap and tie them
in paper, and pack them in boxes or barrels with ashes. The ashes must
fill all interstices, but must not touch the hams, as it absorbs the
fat. It is much less labor, and quite as certain a mode as the one
previously mentioned. It keeps them sweet, and protects from all kinds
of insects.
After smoked beef, or ham, are cut, hang them in a coarse linen bag in
the cellar, and tie it up to keep out flies.
Keep _Cheese_ in a cool, dry place, and after it is cut, wrap it in a
linen cloth, and keep it in a tight tin box.
Keep _Bread_ in a tin covered box, and it will keep fresh and good
longer than if left exposed to the air.
_Cake_ also should be kept in a tight tin box. Tin boxes made with
covers like trunks, with handles at the ends, are best for bread and
cake.
Smoked herring keep in the cellar.
_Codfish_ is improved by changing it, once in a while, back and forth
from garret to cellar. Some dislike to have it in the house anywhere.
All _salted provision_ must be watched, and kept under the brine. When
the brine looks bloody, or smells badly, it must be scalded, and more
salt put to it, and poured over the meat.
Salt fish barrels must not be kept near other food, as they impart a
fishy smell and taste to it.
_Cabbages_ and _Turnips_ in the cellar often impart a bad smell to a
house. All decayed vegetable matter should be kept out of a cellar, as
it creates a miasma, that sometimes causes the most fatal diseases.
Therefore, always take care of the vegetable bins, and have all that
are decaying removed.
A cellar should be whitewashed often, to keep it sweet and clean.