Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club (1903),
14, 13; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 96; Grant, Ibis
(1906), 473, pl. 18, fig. 1.
Mindanao (Goodfellow, Mearns).
Male.--Above bright cinnamon-rufous; wing-feathers and rectrices
blackish brown with most of the outer webs cinnamon-rufous; inner
webs of primaries and secondaries cinnamon; under parts buff, tinged
with cinnamon on breast, and becoming lilac-gray on lower breast and
abdomen, and nearly white on crissum; thighs darker. Wing, 90; tail,
54; culmen from base, 16; bill from nostril, 10; tarsus, 21.
The female is similar to the male. This species is known only from
Mount Apo, Mindanao.
Family DICÆIDÆ.
Bill short, rather broad at the base; cutting edges of both mandibles
finely serrated for at least the distal third; first primary usually
wanting; tail short and square. Birds of this family resemble the
Nectariniidæ and differ from all other Passeriformes in the finely
serrated tomia. The species are all small resident birds. Some
are brightly marked with red or yellow, while others are plainly
colored. They feed about flower or fruit trees or vines in the manner
of the sunbirds.
Genera.
a1. Bill longer and more slender; width of upper mandible at base
not greater, usually much less, than bill from nostril; tail shorter,
not extending beyond the toes.
b1. Bill more slender, the terminal half decidedly compressed;
outline of gonys nearly straight; culmen from base at least twice
the greatest width of upper mandible; short first primary wanting
... Dicæum (p. 622)
b2. Bill stouter, and decidedly broad nearly to the tip; outline of
gonys convex; culmen from base less than twice the width of upper
mandible. ... Prionochilus (p. 637)
a2. Bill shorter and stouter; width of upper mandible at base greater
than length of bill from nostril; tail longer, its tip reaching beyond
the toes. ... Piprisoma (p. 641)
Genus DICÆUM Cuvier, 1817.
The genus Dicæum is distinguished by the slender and sharply pointed
bill, by the comparatively short tail, and by always lacking the
first primary. The shape of the bill alone is enough to distinguish
Dicæum from either Prionochilus or Piprisoma, for while the base of
the bill is stout in all three genera, in Dicæum its distal portion
is much compressed, slender and sharply pointed, and the outline of
the gonys is but very slightly convex.
Species.
a1. Adults brightly colored with a large area, or at least a stripe,
of red, orange, or yellow on under parts.
b1. Bright color of under parts red; no orange on the back; male
and female similar in colors.
c1. A red collar on hind neck; chin and throat black with
a red spot in center of throat and a red line on middle of
abdomen. ... retrocinctum (p. 624)
c2. No red on the upper parts.
d1. Throat white; a red streak on middle of breast and abdomen.
e1. Chest black ... hæmatostictum (p. 625)
e2. Chest light gray like the sides and flanks ... papuense
(p. 626)
d2. Throat and chest red; middle of abdomen black; crissum
light yellow.
e1. Larger; wing, 53 to 55 mm.; upper parts with a more
steel-green gloss.
f1. Sides of head slaty black; under tail-coverts duller
yellow. ... luzoniense (p. 626)
f2. Sides of head glossy greenish black; under tail-coverts
brighter yellow ... apo (p. 627)
e2. Smaller; wing, 47 mm.; upper parts with more steel-blue
gloss. ... bonga (p. 627)
b2. Bright colors of under parts orange or yellow, or both, in males;
females much plainer than the males.
c1. Entire breast, abdomen, and crissum yellow, or orange and
yellow; in some species the entire under parts yellow.
d1. Under parts entirely bright yellow and orange.
e1. No yellow band on rump.
f1. Fore breast cadmium-orange much brighter than the
remaining under parts ... dorsale (p. 628)
f2. Fore breast orange in the center not strongly contrasting
with the yellow of remaining under parts ... pallidius
(p. 628)
e2. A bright yellow band on rump ... xanthopygium (p. 629)
d2. Under parts not entirely yellow and orange; throat, or
throat and chin, gray or blackish slate.
e1. Chin not distinctly yellow; center of breast washed
with orange.
f1. Throat decidedly lighter gray.
g1. Smaller; chin and throat faintly washed with yellow;
rump faintly washed with olive ... intermedium (p. 629)
g2. Larger; chin and throat clear gray; rump with a
decided wash of olive-green ... sibuyanicum (p. 630)
f2. Throat decidedly darker gray or even blackish
slate-color.
g1. Chin and throat ashy gray, lighter than sides of face;
rump heavily washed with yellow ... assimile (p. 630)
g2. Chin and throat blackish slate, nearly uniform
with top and sides of head; rump slightly washed with
olive. ... sibutuense (p. 631)
e2. Chin decidedly light yellow in contrast with the gray
throat; breast bright orpiment-orange.
f1. Smaller; gray of throat faintly washed with yellow;
no olive wash on rump; breast brighter ... cinereigulare
(p. 631)
f2. Larger; throat gray; rump faintly washed with olive;
breast duller orange ... besti (p. 632)
c2. Entire under parts white and ashy gray, except a wide stripe of
bright cadmium-yellow on middle of breast ... flaviventer (p. 632)
a2. Adults dull colored, black and white, or at least without red,
orange, or bright yellow in any part of the plumage; the sexes alike
in colors or similar.
b1. Upper parts nearly uniform in color, or the head and mantle,
at least, of one color.
c1. Smaller; bill from nostril, 7 mm.; wing, 40 to 45.
d1. Sides of head and neck ashy or slate-color; rump and
tail-coverts washed with yellow ... pygmæum (p. 633)
d2. Sides of head and neck black; rump and tail-coverts glossy
green like the head and back ... davao (p. 634)
c2. Larger; bill from nostril, about 9 mm.; wing, 53 to 55.
d1. Under parts white or whitish.
e1. Upper parts black with a slight green gloss ... hypoleucum
(p. 634)
e2. Upper parts dark brown.
f1. Above sooty brown washed with olive; below white; fore
neck, breast, and flanks washed with ashy ... mindanense
(p. 635)
f2. Above dark olive-brown; throat and fore neck ashy gray
tinged with olive-yellow; breast and abdomen white tinged
with yellow. ... everetti (p. 636)
d2. Under parts dull olive-gray; upper parts washed with
olive-green. ... obscurum (p. 636)
b2. Upper parts not uniform in color; head, rump, and tail-coverts
olive-green; mantle smoky brown ... nigrilore (p. 637)