Turdus dominicus (not of Linnæus, 1766) P. L. S. Müller,
Natursyst. Suppl. (1776), 145.
Turdus niger Forster, Ind. Zool. (1781), 41.
Turdus terat Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Enl. (1783), pl. 17.
Lalage terat Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1879), 4, 95; Hand-List
(1901), 3, 303; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 104; Oates and Reid,
Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 300.
Lalage niger McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 78.
Ca-hu-raó hu-raó, Ticao; sa-lac-sá-can, Cagayancillo; bu-ga-ung-ón,
Siquijor; ibong-pá-re, Manila.
Bantayan (McGregor); Banton (Celestino); Basilan (Everett, Steere
Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Bohol (Everett, McGregor);
Cagayancillo (McGregor); Cagayan Sulu (Guillemard, McGregor);
Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Caluya (Porter); Catanduanes
(Whitehead); Cebu (Meyer, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester,
McGregor); Cuyo (McGregor); Guimaras (Meyer, Steere Exp., Bourns &
Worcester); Leyte (Everett); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Everett,
Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead, McGregor); Marinduque
(Steere Exp.); Masbate (McGregor); Mindanao (Steere, Steere Exp.,
Bourns & Worcester, Celestino); Mindoro (Steere Exp., Bourns &
Worcester, McGregor); Negros (Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns &
Worcester, Whitehead, Keay); Palawan (Bourns & Worcester); Panay
(Murray, Steere, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Romblon
(Bourns & Worcester); Sibay (McGregor & Worcester); Sibuyan
(Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Siquijor (Bourns & Worcester,
Celestino); Sulu (Guillemard, Bourns & Worcester); Tablas (Bourns
& Worcester); Ticao (McGregor). Malay Peninsula, Nicobar Islands,
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Male.--Very similar to L. melanoleuca, but much smaller and with a
broad white line from forehead over eye to nape. Length, about 180;
other measurements from a male taken in Bohol are: Wing, 92; tail,
73; culmen from base, 18; bill from nostril, 11; tarsus, 19.
The immature male resembles the adult female.
Female.--Differs from the male in having the upper surface bluish gray
with blackish shaft-lines, the white band over eye less distinct,
and the breast, sides, and flanks closely barred with narrow gray
lines. A female from Bohol measures: Wing, 92; tail, 72; culmen from
base, 17; bill from nostril, 12; tarsus, 20.
Nestling.--Two nestlings from Banton, June 30, 1905, have the feathers
of upper parts dark ashy brown with wide tips of light earthy buff;
under parts white with spots and longitudinal lines of blackish brown,
the wings are similar to those of the adult, but the white areas are
washed with buff.
The pied lalage is widely distributed and abundant; the other two
Philippine species are comparatively rare.
Family PYCNONOTIDÆ.
Bill slender and compressed; culmen gently curved and having a decided
keel; a notch near the tip of upper mandible and, in some genera,
another notch near tip of lower mandible; nostrils pierced in the
anterior part of a membrane the base of which may be covered with
short plumes, but the nostrils always exposed except in Irena; wing
longer than tail; first primary little more than one-half the second,
the latter shorter than third; fourth and fifth usually forming the
tip of the wing; tail square, or slightly rounded, rarely decidedly
graduate; tarsus short, nearly always less than culmen from base,
and seldom greater than middle toe with claw. In some genera there
are a number of hairs springing from the nape, but these are not
greatly developed, except in Irena and Trichophorus.
Genera.
a1. A tuft of long white silky feathers on each side of lower breast;
primaries exceeding the secondaries by less than one-half the tarsus;
colors yellow and black. ... Ægithina (p. 497)
a2. No tuft of long silky feathers on side of breast; primaries
exceeding the secondaries by more than one-half the tarsus.
b1. Primaries exceeding the secondaries by less than the length
of tarsus.
c1. Tail-coverts very long, nearly two-thirds as long as the tail;
colors black and yellow, tail tipped with yellow. ... Microtarsus
(p. 513)
c2. Tail-coverts shorter, equal to less than two-thirds of tail.
d1. Hairs on nape short or wanting; if present, less than the
tarsus in length.
e1. Eye not surrounded by a wattle; tail without a light tip.
f1. Head uncrested; plumage mostly bright
green. ... Chloropsis (p. 498)
f2. Head slightly crested; culmen from base less than tarsus;
with no green in the plumage. ... Pycnonotus (p. 515)
e2. Eye surrounded by a narrow wattle; tail with a wide white
tip. ... Poliolophus (p. 512)
d2. Hairs on nape very long, their exposed portions longer than
one-half the tarsus. ... Trichophorus (p. 514)
b2. Primaries exceeding the secondaries by more than length of
tarsus.
c1. Feathers of crown and nape rounded; hairs on nape well
developed, extending beyond the feathers for more than two-thirds
the length of bill from nostril; plumage entirely blue and
black. ... Irena (p. 499)
c2. Feathers of crown and nape pointed; hairs on nape usually
shorter; plumage usually brown or gray, mottled with whitish;
plumage rarely yellow.
d1. Rictal bristles less than one-half the tarsus in
length. ... Hypsipetes (p. 502)
d2. Rictal bristles more than one-half the tarsus in
length. ... Iole (p. 504)
Genus ÆGITHINA Vieillot, 1816.
Wings short and curved to the body; secondaries nearly as long as
primaries; a large tuft of long, white, silky feathers on each side
of lower breast; tarsus slightly greater than culmen from base;
lower parts bright yellow; wings black, barred with white.