a1. Under parts bright red or yellow.
b1. Breast and abdomen yellow or orange.
c1. Breast, abdomen, and crissum bright egg-yellow ... marchesæ
(p. 490)
c2. Breast, abdomen, and crissum orange.
d1. Rump and tail-coverts pompeian-orange.
e1. Bill longer and wider ... leytensis (p. 492)
e2. Bill shorter and narrower ... novus (p. 491)
d2. Rump, tail-coverts, and under parts lighter orange
... johnstoniæ (p. 492)
b2. Breast and abdomen fiery vermilion ... igneus (p. 493)
a2. Under parts white; no red nor yellow on any part of the
plumage. ... cinereus (p. 493)