Falco trivirgatus Temminck, Pl. Col. (1824), 1, pl. 303.
Astur trivirgatus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 105;
Hand-List (1899), 1, 249; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 243;
McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 41.
Balabac (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Mindanao (Everett, Steere
Exp., Platen, Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, Goodfellow); Palawan
(Whitehead, Platen); Samar (Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead). Indian
Peninsula, Indo-Malayan Islands, Ceylon, Formosa.
"Adult male.--Above slaty gray, the upper tail-coverts blackish
and tipped with white; head and neck clearer slaty gray, including a
conspicuous occipital crest, the sides of the neck somewhat tinged with
rufous; quills browner than the back, primaries with rufescent shafts,
barred above with dark brown, much plainer underneath, where the quills
are white at the base of the inner web; tail ashy brown, paler at tip,
crossed with four bands of dark brown; throat white, with a distinct
black moustachial streak on each side and a broad median line; chest
clear tawny-rufous; rest of under surface white, broadly banded with
pale rufous, each bar of this color having a conterminous brown bar,
the thighs thickly barred with ashy brown without any rufous tinge;
under tail-coverts white; under wing-coverts white, spotted with brown
or rufous-brown, and the axillars similarly barred. Cere orange-yellow;
bill black, lead-color at base; cheeks and orbits orange; feet yellow;
iris orange-yellow. Length, 356; culmen, 27; wing, 198; tail, 160;
tarsus, 56.
"Adult female.--Similar to the adult male, but much larger. Length,
457; wing, 246; tarsus, 68.
"Young.--Above brown, with a fully developed occipital crest, upper
tail-coverts banded with darker brown and tipped with white; quills
and tail much as in the adult, the latter with five cross-bands
of darker brown; under surface of body white, the throat with the
three characteristic streaks like the adult, the breast broadly
streaked with pale rufous, inclining to dark brown in the center
of the chest, the lower breast and abdomen barred with pale rufous,
the bars narrower and darker on the thighs; under tail-coverts white,
with a few narrow, nearly obsolete, cross-bars; under wing-coverts
buff, spotted and barred with dark brown." (Sharpe.)