_Mondino and Manfredi following Galen, |
especially in the_ περὶ χρείας τω̑ν ἐν | _Modern usage._
ἀνθρώπου σώματι μορίων. _De usu partium |
corporis humani._ |
---------------------------------------+----------------------------
Not regarded as separate nerves. | I. Olfactory nerves.
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I. τὰ μαλακὰ νευ̑ρα τω̑ν ὀφθαλμω̑ν. | II. Optic nerves.
---------------------------------------+----------------------------
II. τὰ κινητικὰ τω̑ν ἀμφ᾽ αὐτοὺς μυω̑ν. | III. Oculomotor nerves.
---------------------------------------+----------------------------
Not mentioned. | IV. Trochlear nerves.
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III. τρίτη συζυγία. } | V. Trigeminal nerves.
IV. τετάρτη συζυγία. } |
Mondino and Manfredi confuse |
Galen’s fourth pair and Galen’s |
sixth pair. |
---------------------------------------+----------------------------
Not mentioned by Manfredi. By | VI. Abducent nerves.
Galen probably united with II. |
---------------------------------------+----------------------------
V. πέεμπτη συζυγία. |{ VII. Facial nerves.
|{VIII. Auditory nerves.
---------------------------------------+----------------------------
VI. ἕκτη συζυγία. | {IX. Glossopharyngeal
| nerves.
| { X. Vagi.
| {XI. Accessory nerves of
| Willis.
---------------------------------------+----------------------------
VII. ἑβδόμη συζυγία. | XII. Hypoglossal nerves.
---------------------------------------+----------------------------
The nomenclature of the cranial nerves adopted by Manfredi is taken
from Mondino and is almost identical with that of Galen, whose
classification is summarized above.[194] Manfredi’s description of
Galen’s fourth pair is confused and inadequate, but his account of
Galen’s sixth pair is an improvement upon Mondino.
The ‘rete mirabile’ is an interesting survival of Galenic anatomy.
This structure is hardly present in man, but is developed in the lower
animals, and especially in calves, upon whose bodies Galen worked. The
father of physiology regarded the ‘rete mirabile’ as the place where
the psychic pneuma was elaborated.[195] Galen’s findings in the lower
animals were assiduously transferred to the human body, to which his
descriptions are much less applicable, while his views on the pneuma
lasted in more or less misunderstood form well into the seventeenth
century.
(_b_) THE EYE