CHAPTER XL

JUNE 14, 1871--APRIL 16, 1872

Nearing the end.--Estimate of the Reverend F.B. Wheeler.--Early poem.--

Leaves "Locust Grove" for last time.--Death of his brother Sidney.--

Letter to Cyrus Field on neutrality of telegraph.--Letter of F.O.J. Smith

to H.J. Rogers.--Reply by Professor Gale.--Vicious attack by F.O.J.

Smith.--Death prevents reply by Morse.--Unveils statue of Franklin in

last public appearance.--Last hours.--Death.--Tributes of James D. Reid,

New York "Evening Post," New York "Herald," and Louisville

"Courier-Journal."--Funeral.--Monument in Greenwood Cemetery.--Memorial

services in House of Representatives, Washington.--Address of James G.

Blaine.--Other memorial services.--Mr. Prime's review of Morse's

character.--Epilogue.

The excitement caused by all these enthusiastic demonstrations in his

honor told upon the inventor both physically and mentally, as we learn

from a letter of June 14, 1871, to his daughter Mrs. Lind and her

husband:--

"So fatigued that I can scarcely keep my eyes open, I nevertheless,

before retiring to my bed, must drop you a line of enquiry to know what

is your condition. We have only heard of your arrival and of your first

unfavorable impressions. I hope these latter are removed, and that you

are both benefiting by change of air and the waters of the Clifton

Springs.

"You know how, in the last few days, we have all been overwhelmed with

unusual cares. The grand ceremonies of the Park and the Academy of Music

are over, but have left me in a good-for-nothing condition. Everything

went off splendidly, indeed, as you will learn from the papers.... I find

it more difficult to bear up with the overwhelming praise that is poured

out without measure, than with the trials of my former life. There is

something so remarkable in this universal laudation that the effect on

me, strange as it may seem, is rather depressing than exhilarating.

"When I review my past life and see the way in which I have been led, I

am so convinced of the faithfulness of God in answer to the prayers of

faith, which I have been enabled in times of trial to offer to Him, that

I find the temper of my mind is to constant praise: 'Bless the Lord, Oh

my soul, and forget not all his benefits!' is ever recurring to me. It is

doubtless this continued referring all to Him that prevents this

universal demonstration of kindly feeling from puffing me up with the

false notion that I am anything but the feeblest of instruments. I cannot

give you any idea of the peculiar feelings which gratify and yet oppress

me."

He had planned to cross the ocean once more, partly as a delegate to

Russia from the Evangelical Alliance, and partly to see whether it would

not be possible to induce Prussia and Switzerland and other European

nations, from whom he had as yet received no pecuniary remuneration, to

do him simple justice. But, for various reasons, this trip was abandoned,

and from those nations he never received anything but medals and praise.

So the last summer of the aged inventor's life was spent at his beloved

Locust Grove, not free from care and anxiety, as he so well deserved, but

nevertheless, thanks to his Christian philosophy, in comparative serenity

and happiness. His pastor in Poughkeepsie, the Reverend F.B. Wheeler,

says of him in a letter to Mr. Prune: "In his whole character and in all

his relations he was one of the most remarkable men of his age. He was

one who drew all who came in contact with him to his heart, disarming all

prejudices, silencing all cavil. In his family he was light, life, and

love; with those in his employ he was ever considerate and kind, never

exacting and harsh, but honorable and just, seeking the good of every

dependent; in the community he was a pillar of strength and beauty,

commanding the homage of universal respect; in the Church he walked with

God and men."

That he was a man of great versatility has been shown, in the recital of

his activities as artist, inventor, and writer; that he had no mean

ability as a poet is also on record. On January 6, 1872, he says in a

letter to his cousin, Mrs. Thomas R. Walker: "Some years ago, when both

of us were younger, I remember addressing to you a trifle entitled 'The

Serenade,' which, on being shown to Mr. Verplanck, was requested for

publication in the 'Talisman,' edited and conducted by him and Mr. Sands.

I have not seen a copy of that work for many years, and have preserved no

copy of 'The Serenade.' If you have a copy I should be pleased to have

it."

He was delicately discreet in saying "some years ago," for this poem was

written in 1827 as the result of a wager between Morse and his young

cousin, he having asserted that he could write poetry as well as paint

pictures, and requesting her to give him a theme. It seems that the young

lady had been paid the compliment of a serenade a few nights previously,

but she had, most unromantically, slept through it all, so she gave as

her theme "The Serenade," and the next day Morse produced the following

poem:--

THE SERENADE

Haste! 't is the stillest hour of night,

The Moon sheds down her palest light,

And sleep has chained the lake and hill,

The wood, the plain, the babbling rill;

And where yon ivied lattice shows

My fair one slumbers in repose.

Come, ye that know the lovely maid,

And help prepare the serenade.

Hither, before the night is flown,

Bring instruments of every tone.

But lest with noise ye wake, not lull,

Her dreaming fancy, ye must cull

Such only as shall soothe the mind

And leave the harshest all behind.

Bring not the thundering drum, nor yet

The harshly-shrieking clarionet,

Nor screaming hautboy, trumpet shrill,

Nor clanging cymbals; but, with skill,

Exclude each one that would disturb

The fairy architects, or curb

The wild creations of their mirth,

All that would wake the soul to earth.

Choose ye the softly-breathing-flute,

The mellow horn, the loving lute;

The viol you must not forget,

And take the sprightly flageolet

And grave bassoon; choose too the fife,

Whose warblings in the tuneful strife,

Mingling in mystery with the words,

May seem like notes of blithest birds.

Are ye prepared? Now lightly tread

As if by elfin minstrels led,

And fling no sound upon the air

Shall rudely wake my slumbering fair.

Softly! Now breathe the symphony,

So gently breathe the tones may vie

In softness with the magic notes

In visions heard; music that floats

So buoyant that it well may seem,

With strains ethereal in her dream,

One song of such mysterious birth

She doubts it comes from heaven or earth.

Play on! My loved one slumbers still.

Play on! She wakes not with the thrill

Of joy produced by strains so mild,

But fancy moulds them gay and wild.

Now, as the music low declines,

'T is sighing of the forest pines;

Or 't is the fitful, varied war

Of distant falls or troubled shore.

Now, as the tone grows full or sharp,

'T is whispering of the Æolian harp.

The viol swells, now low, now loud,

'T is spirits chanting on a cloud

That passes by. It dies away;

So gently dies she scarce can say

'T is gone; listens; 't is lost she fears;

Listens, and thinks again she hears.

As dew drops mingling in a stream

To her 't is all one blissful dream,

A song of angels throned in light.

Softly! Away! Fair one, good-night.

In the autumn of 1871 Morse returned with his family to New York, and it

is recorded that, with an apparent premonition that he should never see

his beloved Locust Grove again, he ordered the carriage to stop as he

drove out of the gate, and, standing up, looked long and lovingly at the

familiar scene before telling the coachman to drive on. And as he passed

the rural cemetery on the way to the station he exclaimed: "Beautiful!

beautiful! but I shall not lie there. I have prepared a place elsewhere."

Not long after his return to the city death once more laid its heavy hand

upon him in the loss of his sole surviving brother, Sidney. While this

was a crushing blow, for these two brothers had been peculiarly attached

to each other, he bore it with Christian resignation, confident that the

separation would be for a short time only--"We must soon follow, I also

am over eighty years, and am waiting till my change comes."

But his mind was active to the very end, and he never ceased to do all in

his power for the welfare of mankind. One of the last letters written by

him on a subject of public importance was sent on December 4, 1871, to

Cyrus Field, who was then attending an important telegraphic convention

in Rome:--

"Excuse my delay in writing you. The excitement occasioned by the visit

of the Grand Duke Alexis has but just ceased, and I have been wholly

engrossed by the various duties connected with his presence. I have

wished for a few calm moments to put on paper some thoughts respecting

the doings of the great Telegraphic Convention to which you are a

delegate.

"The Telegraph has now assumed such a marvellous position in human

affairs throughout the world, its influences are so great and important

in all the varied concerns of nations, that its efficient protection from

injury has become a necessity. It is a powerful advocate for universal

peace. Not that of itself it can command a 'Peace, be still!' to the

angry waves of human passions, but that, by its rapid interchange of

thought and opinion, it gives the opportunity of explanations to acts and

to laws which, in their ordinary wording, often create doubt and

suspicion. Were there no means of quick explanation it is readily seen

that doubt and suspicion, working on the susceptibilities of the public

mind, would engender misconception, hatred and strife. How important then

that, in the intercourse of nations, there should be the ready means at

hand for prompt correction and explanation.

"Could there not be passed in the great International Convention some

resolution to the effect that, in whatever condition, whether of Peace or

War between the nations, the Telegraph should be deemed a sacred thing,

to be by common consent effectually protected both on the land and

beneath the waters?

"In the interest of human happiness, of that 'Peace on Earth' which, in

announcing the advent of the Saviour, the angels proclaimed with 'good

will to men,' I hope that the convention will not adjourn without

adopting a resolution asking of the nations their united, effective

protection to this great agent of civilization."

Richly as he deserved that his sun should set in an unclouded sky, this

was not to be. Sorrows of a most intimate nature crowded upon him. He was

also made the victim of a conscienceless swindler who fleeced him of many

thousand dollars, and, to crown all, his old and indefatigable enemy,

F.O.J. Smith, administered a cowardly thrust in the back when his

weakening powers prevented him from defending himself with his oldtime

vigor. From a very long letter written by Smith on December 11, 1871, to

Henry J. Rogers in Washington, I shall quote only the first sentences:--

Dear Sir,--In my absence your letter of the 11th ult. was received here,

with the printed circular of the National Monumental Society, in reply to

which I feel constrained to say if that highly laudable association

resolves "to erect at the national capital of the United States a

memorial monument" to symbolize in statuary of colossal proportions the

"history of the electromagnetic telegraph," before that history has been

authentically written, it is my conviction: that the statue most worthy

to stand upon the pedestal of such monument would be that of the man of

true science, who explored the laws of nature ahead of all other men, and

was "the first to wrest electron-magnetism from Nature's embrace and make

it a missionary to, the cause of human progress," and that man is

Professor Joseph Henry, of the Smithsonian Institution.

Professor Morse and his early coadjutors would more appropriately occupy,

in groups of high relief, the sides of that pedestal, symbolizing, by

their established merits and cooperative works, the grandeur of the

researches and resulting discoveries of their leader and chief, who was

the first to announce and to demonstrate to a despairing world, by actual

mechanical agencies, the practicability of; an electro-magnetic telegraph

through any distances.

Much more of the same flatulent bombast follows which it will not be

necessary to introduce here. While Morse himself naturally felt some

delicacy in noticing such an attack as this, he found a willing, and

efficient champion in his old friend (and the friend of Henry as well)

Professor Leonard D. Gale, who writes to him on January 22, 1872:--

"I have lately seen a mean, unfair, and villainous letter of F.O.J.

Smith, addressed to H.J. Rogers (officer of the Morse Monumental

Association), alleging that the place on the monument designed to be

occupied by the statue of Morse, should be awarded to Henry; that Morse

was not a scientific man, etc., etc. It was written in his own peculiar

style. The allegations were so outrageous that I felt it my duty to reply

to it without delay. As Smith's letter was to Rogers, as an officer of

the Association, I sent my reply to the same person. I enclose a copy

herewith.

"Mrs. Gale suggests an additional figure to the group on the monument--a

serpent with the face of F.O.J.S., biting the heel of Morse, but with the

fangs extracted."

Professor Gale's letter to Henry J. Rogers is worthy of being quoted in

full:--

"I have just read a letter from F.O.J. Smith, dated December 11, 1871,

addressed to you, and designed to throw discredit on Morse's invention of

the Telegraph, the burden of which seems to be rebuke to the designer of

the monument, for elevating Morse to the apex of the monument and

claiming for Professor J. Henry, of the Smithsonian Institution, that

high distinction.

"The first question of an impartial inquirer is: 'To which of these

gentlemen is the honor due?' To ascertain this we will ask a second

question: 'Was the subject of the invention a _machine_, or was it _a new

fact in science_?' The answer is: 'It was a _machine_.' The first was

Morse's, the latter was Henry's. Henry stated that electric currents

might be sent through long distances applicable to telegraphic purposes.

Morse took the facts as they then existed, invented a machine, harnessed

the steed therein, and set the creature to work. There is honor due to

Henry for his great discovery of the scientific principle; there is honor

also due to Morse for his invention of the ingenious machine which

accomplishes the work.

"Men of science regard the discovery of a new fact in science as a higher

attainment than the application of it to useful purposes, while the world

at large regards the _application_ of the principle or fact in science to

the useful arts as of paramount importance. All honor to the discoverer

of a new fact in science; equal honor to him who utilizes that fact for

the benefit of mankind.

"Has the world forgotten what Robert Fulton did for the navigation of the

waters by steamboats? It was he who first applied steam to propel a

vessel and navigated the Hudson for the first time with steam and

paddle-wheels and vessel in 1807. Do not we honor him as the Father of

steamboats? Yet Fulton did not invent steam, nor the steam-engine, nor

paddle-wheels, nor the vessel. He merely adapted a steam-engine to a

vessel armed with paddle-wheels. The combination was his invention.

"There is another example on record. Cyrus H. McCormick, the Father of

the Reaping and Mowing Machine, took out the first successful patent in

1837, and is justly acknowledged the world over as the inventor of this

great machine. Although one hundred and forty-six patents were granted in

England previous to McCormick's time, they are but so many unsuccessful

efforts to perfect a practical machine. The cutting apparatus, the device

to raise and lower the cutters, the levers, the platform, the wheels, the

framework, had all been used before McCormick's time. But McCormick was

the first genius able to put these separate devices together in a

practical, harmonious operation. The combination was his invention.

"Morse did more. He invented the form of the various parts of his machine

as well as their combination; he was the first to put such a machine into

practical operation; and for such a purpose who can question his title as

the Inventor of the Electric Telegraph?"

To the letter of Professor Gale, Morse replied on January 25:--

"Thank you sincerely for your effective interference in my favor in the

recent, but not unexpected, attack of F.O.J.S. I will, so soon as I can

free myself from some very pressing matters, write you more fully on the

subject. Yet I can add nothing to your perfectly clear exposition of the

difference between a discovery of a principle in science and its

application to a useful purpose. As for Smith's suggestion of putting

Henry on the top of the proposed monument, I can hardly suppose Professor

H. would feel much gratification on learning the character of his zealous

advocate. It is simply a matter of spite; carrying out his intense and

smothered antipathy to me, and not for any particular regard for

Professor H.

"As I have had nothing to do with the proposed monument, I have no

feeling on the subject. If they who have the direction of that monument

think the putting of Professor H. on the apex will meet the applause of

the public, including the expressed opinion of the entire world, by all

means put him there. I certainly shall make no complaint."

The monument was never erected, and this effort of Smith's to humiliate

Morse proved abortive. But his spite did not end there, as we learn from

the following letter written by Morse on February 26, 1872, to the

Reverend Aspinwall Hodge, of Hartford, Connecticut, the husband of one of

his nieces:--

"Some unknown person has sent me the advance sheets of a work (the pages

between 1233 and 1249) publishing in Hartford, the title of which is not

given, but I think is something like 'The Great Industries of the United

States.' The pages sent me are entitled 'The American Magnetic

Telegraph.' They contain the most atrocious and vile attack upon me which

has ever appeared in print. I shall be glad to learn who are the

publishers of this work, what are the characters of the publishers, and

whether they will give me the name or names of the author or authors of

this diatribe, and whether they vouch for the character of those who

furnished the article for their work.

"I know well enough, indeed, who the libellers are and their motives,

which arise from pure spite and revenge for having been legally defeated

parties in cases relating to the Telegraph before the courts. To you I

can say the concocters of this tirade are F.O.J. Smith, of bad notoriety,

and Henry O'Reilly.

"Are the publishers responsible men, and are they aware of the character

of those who have given them that article, particularly the moral

character of Smith, notorious for his debaucheries and condemned in court

for subornation of perjury, and one of the most revengeful men, who has

artfully got up this tirade because my agent, the late Honorable Amos

Kendall, was compelled to resist his unrighteous claim upon me for some

$25,000 which, after repeated trials lasting some twelve years, was at

length, by a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, decided

against him, and he was adjudged to owe me some $14,000?

"Mr. Kendall, previous to his decease, managed the case which has thus

resulted. The necessity of seizing some property of his in the city of

Williamsburg, through the course of the legal proceedings, has aroused

his revengeful feelings, and he has openly threatened that he would be

revenged upon me for it, and he has for two or three years past with

O'Reilly been concocting this mode of revenge.

"If the publishers are respectable men, I think they will regret that

they have been the dupes of these arch conspirators. If not too late to

suppress that article I should be glad of an interview with them, in

which I will satisfy them that they have been most egregiously imposed

upon."

This was the last flash of that old fire which, when he was sufficiently

aroused by righteous indignation at unjust attacks, had enabled him to

strike out vigorously in self-defense, and had won him many a victory. He

was now nearing the end of his physical resources. He had fought the good

fight and he had no misgivings as to the verdict of posterity on his

achievements. He could fight no more, willing and mentally able though he

was to confound his enemies again. He must leave it to others to defend

his fame and good name in the future. The last letter which was copied

into his letter-press book was written on March 14, not three weeks

before the last summons came to him, and it refers to his old enemy who

thus pursued him even to the brink of the grave. It is addressed to F.J.

Mead, Esq.:--

"Although forbidden to read or write by my physician, who finds me

prostrate with a severe attack of neuralgia in the head, I yet must thank

you for your kind letter of the 12th inst.

"I should be much gratified to know what part Professor Henry has taken,

if any, in this atrocious and absurd attack of F.O.J.S. I have no fears

of the result, but no desire either to suspect any agency on the part of

Professor Henry. It is difficult for me to conceive that a man in his

position should not see the true position of the matter."

This vicious attack had no effect upon his fame. Dying as soon as it was

born, choked by its own venom, it was overwhelmed by the wave of sorrow

and sympathy which swept over the earth at the announcement of the death

of the great inventor.

His last public appearance was on January 17, 1872, when he, in company

with Horace Greeley, unveiled the statue of Benjamin Franklin in Printing

House Square, New York. It was a very cold day, but, against the advice

of his physician and his family, he insisted on being present. As he

drove up in his carriage and, escorted by the committee, ascended to the

platform, he was loudly cheered by the multitude which had assembled.

Standing uncovered in the biting air, he delivered the following short

address:--

"MR. DE GROOT AND FELLOW-CITIZENS,--I esteem it one of my highest honors

that I should have been designated to perform the office of unveiling

this day the fine statue of our illustrious and immortal Franklin. When

requested to accept this duty I was confined to my bed, but I could not

refuse, and I said: 'Yes, if I have to be lifted to the spot!'

"Franklin needs no eulogy from me. No one has more reason to venerate his

name than myself. May his illustrious example of devotion to the interest

of universal humanity be the seed of further fruit for the good of the

world."

Morse was to have been an honored guest at the banquet in the evening,

where in the speeches his name was coupled with that of Franklin as one

of the great benefactors of mankind; but, yielding to the wishes of his

family, he remained at home. He had all his life been a sufferer from

severe headaches, and now these neuralgic pains increased in severity, no

doubt aggravated by his exposure at the unveiling. When the paroxysms

were upon him he walked the floor in agony, pressing his hands to his

temples; but these seizures were, mercifully, not continuous, and he

still wrote voluminous letters, and tried to solve the problems which

were thrust upon him, even to the end.

One of the last acts of his life was to go down town with his youngest

son, whose birthday was the 29th of March, to purchase for him his first

gold watch, and that watch the son still carries, a precious memento of

his father.

Gradually the pains in the head grew less severe, but great weakness

followed, and he was compelled to keep to his bed, sinking into a

peaceful, painless unconsciousness relieved by an occasional flash of his

old vigor. To his pastor, Reverend Dr. William Adams, he expressed his

gratitude for the goodness of God to him, but added: "The best is yet to

come." He roused himself on the 29th of March, the birthday of his son,

kissing him and gazing with pleasure on a drawing sent to the boy by his

cousin, Mary Goodrich, pronouncing it excellent.

Shortly before the end pneumonia set in, and one of the attending

physicians, tapping on his chest, said "This is the way we doctors

telegraph"; and the dying man, with a momentary gleam of the old humor

lighting up his fading eyes, whispered, "Very good." These were the last

words spoken by him.

From a letter written by one who was present at his bedside to another

member of the family I shall quote a few words: "He is fast passing away.

It is touching to see him so still, so unconscious of all that is

passing, waiting for death. He has suffered much with neuralgia of the

head, increased of late by a miserable pamphlet by F.O.J.S. Poor dear

man! Strange that they could not leave him in peace in his old age. But

now all sorrow is forgotten. He lies quiet infant. Heaven is opening to

him with its peace and perfect rest. The doctor calls his sickness

'exhaustion of the brain.' He looks very handsome; the light of Heaven

seems shining on his beautiful eyes."

On April 1, consciousness returned for a few moments and he recognized

his wife and those around him with a smile, but without being able to

speak. Then he gradually sank to sleep and on the next day he gently

breathed his last.

His faithful and loving friend, James D. Reid, in the Journal of the

Telegraph, of which he was editor, paid tribute to his memory in the

following touching words:--

"In the ripeness and mellow sunshine of the end of an honored and

protracted life Professor Morse, the father of the American Telegraph

system, our own beloved friend and father, has gone to his rest. The

telegraph, the child of his own brain, has long since whispered to every

home in all the civilized world that the great inventor has passed away.

Men, as they pass each other on the street, say, with the subdued voice

of personal sorrow, 'Morse is dead.' Yet to us he lives. If he is dead it

is only to those who did not know him.

"It is not the habit of ardent affection to be garrulous in the

excitement of such an occasion as this. It would fain gaze on the dead

face in silence. The pen, conscious of its weakness, hesitates in its

work of endeavoring to reveal that which the heart can alone interpret in

a language sacred to itself, and by tears no eye may ever see. For such

reason we, who have so much enjoyed the sweetness of the presence of this

venerable man, now so calm in his last sacred sleep, to whom he often

came, with his cheerful and gentle ways, as to a son, so confiding of his

heart's tenderest thoughts, so free in the expression of his hopes of the

life beyond, find difficulty in making the necessary record of his

decease. We can only tell what the world has already known by the

everywhere present wires, that, on the evening of Tuesday, April 2,

Professor Morse, in the beautiful serenity of Christian hope, after a

life extended beyond fourscore years, folded his hands upon his breast

and bade the earth, and generation, and nation he had honored, farewell."

In the "Evening Post," probably from the pen of his old friend William

Cullen Bryant, was the following:--

"The name of Morse will always stand in the foremost rank of the great

inventors, each of whom has changed the face of society and given a new

direction to the growth of civilization by the application to the arts of

one great thought. It will always be read side by side with those of

Gutenberg and Schoeffer, or Watt and Fulton. This eminence he fairly

earned by one splendid invention. But none who knew the man will be

satisfied to let this world-wide and forever growing monument be the sole

record of his greatness.

"Had he never thought of the telegraph he would still receive, in death,

the highest honors friendship and admiration can offer to distinguished

and varied abilities, associated with a noble character. In early life he

showed the genius of a truly great artist. In after years he exercised

all the powers of a masterly scientific investigator. Throughout his

career he was eminent for the loftiness of his aims, for his resolute

faith in the strength of truth, for his capacity to endure and to wait;

and for his fidelity alike to his convictions and to his friends.

"His intellectual eminence was limited to no one branch of human effort,

but, in the judgment of men who knew him best, he had endowments which

might have made him, had he not been the chief of inventors, the most

powerful of advocates, the boldest and most effective of artists, the

most discerning of scientific physicians, or an administrative officer

worthy of the highest place and of the best days in American history."

The New York "Herald" said:--

"Morse was, perhaps, the most illustrious American of his age. Looking

over the expanse of the ages, we think more earnestly and lovingly of

Cadmus, who gave us the alphabet; of Archimedes, who invented the lever;

of Euclid, with his demonstrations in geometry; of Faust, who taught us

how to print; of Watt, with his development of steam, than of the

resonant orators who inflamed the passions of mankind, and the gallant

chieftains who led mankind to war. We decorate history with our Napoleons

and Wellingtons, but it was better for the world that steam was

demonstrated to be an active, manageable force, than that a French

Emperor and his army should win the battle of Austerlitz. And when a

Napoleon of peace, like the dead Morse, has passed away, and we come to

sum up his life, we gladly see that the world is better, society more

generous and enlarged, and mankind nearer the ultimate fulfillment of its

earthly mission because he lived; and did the work that was in him."

The Louisville "Courier-Journal" went even higher in its praise:--

"If it is legitimate to measure a man by the magnitude of his

achievements, the greatest man of the nineteenth century is dead. Some

days ago the electric current brought us the intelligence that S.F.B.

Morse was smitten with, paralysis. Since then it has brought us the

bulletins of his condition as promptly as if we had been living in the

same square, entertaining us with hopes which the mournful sequel has

proven to be delusive, for the magic wires have just thrilled with the

tidings to all nations that the father of telegraphy has passed to the

eternal world. Almost as quietly as the all-seeing eye saw the soul

depart from that venerable form, mortal men, thousands of miles distant,

are apprised of the same fact by the swift messenger which he won from

the unknown--speaking, as it goes around its world-wide circuit, in all

the languages of earth.

"Professor Morse took no royal road to this discovery. Indeed it is never

a characteristic of genius to seek such roads. He was dependent,

necessarily, upon facts and principles brought to light by similar

diligent, patient minds which had gone before him. Volta, Galvani,

Morcel, Grove, Faraday, Franklin, and a host of others had laid a basis

of laws and theories upon which he humbly and reverently mounted and

arranged his great problem for the hoped-for solution. But to him was

reserved the sole, undivided glory of discovering the priceless gem,

'richer than all its tribe,' which lay just beneath the surface, and

around which so many _savans_ had blindly groped.

"He is dead, but his mission was fully completed. It has been no man's

fortune to leave behind him a more magnificent legacy to earth, or a more

absolute title to a glorious immortality. To the honor of being one of

the most distinguished benefactors of the human race, he added the

personal and social graces and virtues of a true gentleman and a

Christian philosopher; The memory of his private worth will be kept green

amid the immortals of sorrowing friendship for a lifetime only, but his

life monument will endure among men as long as the human race exists upon

earth."

The funeral services were held on Friday, April 5, at the Madison Square

Presbyterian Church. At eleven o'clock the long procession entered the

church in the following order:--

Rev. Wm. Adams, D.D., Rev. F.B. Wheeler, D.D.

COFFIN.

PALL-BEARERS.

William Orton, Cyrus W. Field,

Daniel Huntington, Charles Butler,

Peter Cooper, John A. Dix,

Cambridge Livingston, Ezra Cornell.

The Family.

Governor Hoffman and Staff.

Members of the Legislature.

Directors of the New York, Newfoundland and London Telegraph Company.

Directors of the Western Union Telegraph Company and officers and

operators.

Members of the National Academy of Design.

Members of the Evangelical Alliance.

Members of the Chamber of Commerce.

Members of the Association for the Advancement of Science and Art.

Members of the New York Stock Exchange.

Delegations from the Common Councils of New York, Brooklyn and

Poughkeepsie and many of the Yale Alumni.

The Legislative Committee: Messrs. James W. Husted, L. Bradford Prince,

Samuel J. Tilden, Severn D. Moulton and John Simpson.

The funeral address, delivered by Dr. Adams, was long and eloquent, and

near the conclusion he said:--

"To-day we part forever with all that is mortal of that man who has done

so much in the cause of Christian civilization. Less than one year ago

his fellow-citizens, chiefly telegraphic operators, who loved him as

children love a father, raised his statue in Central Park. To-day all we

can give him is a grave. That venerable form, that face so saintly in its

purity and refinement, we shall see no more. How much we shall miss him

in our homes, our churches, in public gatherings, in the streets and in

society which he adorned and blessed. But his life has been so useful, so

happy and so complete that, for him, nothing remains to be wished.

Congratulate the man who, leaving to his family, friends and country a

name spotless, untarnished, beloved of nations, to be repeated in foreign

tongues and by sparkling seas, has died in the bright and blessed hope of

everlasting life.

"Farewell, beloved friend, honored citizen, public benefactor, good and

faithful servant!"

The three Morse brothers were united in death as they had been in life.

In Greenwood Cemetery a little hill had been purchased by the brothers

and divided into three equal portions. On the summit of the hill there

now stands a beautiful three-sided monument, and at its base reposes all

that is mortal of these three upright men, each surrounded by those whom

they had loved on earth, and who have now joined them in their last

resting place.

Resolutions of sympathy came to the family from all over the world, and

from bodies political, scientific, artistic, and mercantile, and letters

of condolence from friends and from strangers.

In the House of Representatives, in Washington, the Honorable S.S. Cox

offered a concurrent resolution, declaring that Congress has heard--"with

profound regret of the death of Professor Morse, whose distinguished and

varied abilities have contributed more than those of any other person to

the development and progress of the practical arts, and that his purity

of private life, his loftiness of scientific aims, and his resolute faith

in truth, render it highly proper that the Representatives and Senators

should solemnly testify to his worth and greatness."

This was unanimously agreed to. The Honorable Fernando Wood, after a

brief history of the legislation which resulted in the grant of $30,000

to enable Morse to test his invention, added that he was proud to say

that his name had been recorded in the affirmative on that historic

occasion, and that he was then the only living member of either house who

had so voted.

Similar resolutions were passed in the Senate, and a committee was

appointed by both houses to arrange for a suitable memorial service, and,

on April 9, the following letter was sent to Mrs. Morse by A.S. Solomons,

Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements:--

DEAR MADAM,--Congress and the citizens of Washington purpose holding

memorial services in honor of your late respected husband in the Hall of

the House of Representatives, on Tuesday evening next, the 16th of April,

and have directed me to request that yourself and family become the

guests of the nation on that truly solemn occasion. If agreeable, be good

enough to inform me when you will likely be here.

The widow was not able to accept this graceful invitation, but members of

the family were present.

The Hall was crowded with a representative audience. James G. Blaine,

Speaker of the House, presided, assisted by Vice-President Colfax.

President Grant and his Cabinet, Judges of the Supreme Court, Governors

of States, and other dignitaries were present in person or by proxy. In

front of the main gallery an oil portrait of Morse had been placed, and

around the frame was inscribed the historic first message: "What hath God

wrought."

After the opening prayer by Dr. William Adams, Speaker Blaine said:--

"Less than thirty years ago a man of genius and learning was an earnest

petitioner before Congress for a small pecuniary aid that enabled him to

test certain occult theories of science which he had laboriously evolved.

To-night the representatives of forty million people assemble in their

legislative hall to do homage and honor to the name of 'Morse.' Great

discoverers and inventors rarely live to witness the full development and

perfection of their mighty conceptions, but to him whose death we now

mourn, and whose fame we celebrate, it was, in God's good providence,

vouchsafed otherwise. The little thread of wire, placed as a timid

experiment between the national capital and a neighboring city, grew and

lengthened and multiplied with almost the rapidity of the electric

current that darted along its iron nerves, until, within his own

lifetime, continent was bound unto continent, hemisphere answered through

ocean's depths unto hemisphere, and an encircled globe flashed forth his

eulogy in the unmatched elements of a grand achievement.

"Charged by the House of Representatives with the agreeable and honorable

duty of presiding here, and of announcing the various participants in the

exercises of the evening, I welcome to this hall those who join with us

in this expressive tribute to the memory and to the merit of a great

man."

After Mr. Blaine had concluded his remarks the exercises were conducted

as follows:--

Resolutions by the Honorable C.C. Cox, M.D., of Washington, D.C.

Address by the Honorable J.W. Patterson, of New Hampshire.

Address by the Honorable Fernando Wood, of New York.

Vocal music by the Choral Society of Washington.

Address by the Honorable J.A. Garfield, of Ohio.

Address by the Honorable S.S. Cox, of New York.

Address by the Honorable N.P. Banks, of Massachusetts.

Vocal music by the Choral Society of Washington.

Benediction by the Reverend Dr. Wheeler of Poughkeepsie.

Once again the invention which made him famous paid marvellous tribute to

the man of science. While less than a year before, joyous messages of

congratulation had flashed over the wires from the four quarters of the

globe, to greet the living inventor, now came words of sorrow and

condolence from Europe, Asia, Africa, and America mourning that inventor

dead, and again were they read to a wondering audience by that other man

of indomitable perseverance, Cyrus W. Field.

On the same evening memorial services were held in Faneuil Hall, Boston,

at which the mayor of the city presided, and addresses were made by

Josiah Quincy, Professor E.N. Horsford, the Honorable Richard H. Dana,

and others.

Other cities all over the country, and in foreign lands, held

commemorative services, and every telegraph office in the country was

draped in mourning, in sad remembrance of him whom all delighted to call

"Father."

Mr. Prime, in his closing review of Morse's character, uses the following

words:--

"It is not given to mortals to leave a perfect example for the admiration

and imitation of posterity, but it is safe to say that the life and

character of few men, whose history is left on record, afford less

opportunity for criticism than is found in the conspicuous career of the

Inventor of the Telegraph.

"Having followed him step by step from the birth to the grave, in public,

social and private relations; in struggles with poverty, enemies and

wrongs; in courts of law, the press and halls of science; having seen him

tempted, assailed, defeated, and again in victory, honor and renown;

having read thousands of his private letters, his essays and pamphlets,

and volumes in which his claims are canvassed, his merits discussed and

his character reviewed; having had access to his most private papers and

confidential correspondence, in which all that is most secret and sacred

in the life of man is hid--it is right to say that, in this mass of

testimony by friends and foes, there is not a line that requires to be

erased or changed to preserve the lustre of his name....

"It was the device and purpose of those who sought to rob him of his

honors and his rights to depreciate his intellectual ability and his

scientific attainments. But among all the men of science and of learning

in the law, there was not one who was a match for him when he gave his

mind to a subject which required his perfect mastery....

"He drew up the brief with his own hand for one of the distinguished

counsel in a great lawsuit involving his patent rights, and his lawyer

said it was the argument that carried conviction to every unprejudiced

mind.

"Such was the versatility and variety of his mental endowments that he

would have been great in any department of human pursuits. His wonderful

rapidity of thought was associated with patient, plodding perseverance, a

combination rare but mightily effective. He leaped to a possible

conclusion, and then slowly developed the successive steps by which the

end was gained and the result made secure. He covered thousands of pages

with his pencil notes, annotated large and numerous volumes, filled huge

folios with valuable excerpts from newspapers, illustrated processes of

thought with diagrams, and was thus fortified and enriched with stores of

knowledge and masses of facts, so digested, combined and arranged, that

he had them at his easy command to defend the past or to help him onward

to fresh conquests in the fields of truth. Yet such was his modesty and

reticence in regard to himself that none outside of his household were

aware of his resources, and his attainments were only known when

displayed in self-defense. Then they never failed to be ample for the

occasion, as every opponent had reason to remember.

"Yet he was gentle as he was great. Many thought him weak because he was

simple, childlike and unworldly. Often he suffered wrong rather than

resist, and this disposition to yield was frequently his loss. The

firmness, tenacity and perseverance with which he fought his foes were

the fruits of his integrity, principle and profound convictions of right

and duty.... His nature was a rare combination of solid intellect and

delicate sensibility. Thoughtful, sober and quiet, he readily entered

into the enjoyments of domestic and social life, indulging in sallies of

humor, and readily appreciating and greatly enjoying the wit of others.

Dignified in his intercourse with men, courteous and affable with the

gentler sex, he was a good husband, a judicious father, a generous and

faithful friend.

"He had the misfortune to incur the hostility of men who would deprive

him of his merit and the reward of his labors. But this is the common

fate of great inventors. He lived until his rights were vindicated by

every tribunal to which they could be referred, and acknowledged by all

civilized nations, and he died leaving to his children a spotless and

illustrious name, and to his country the honor of having given birth to

the only Electro-Magnetic Recording Telegraph whose line is gone out

through all the earth, and its words to the end of the world."

And now my pleasant task is ended. After the lapse of so many years it

has been possible for me to introduce much more evidence of a personal

nature, to reveal the character of those with whom Morse had to contend,

than would have been discreet or judicious during the lifetime of some of

the actors in the drama. Many attempts have been made since the death of

the inventor to minimize his fame, and to exalt others at his expense,

but, while these attempts have seemed to triumph for a time, while they

may have influenced a few minds and caused erroneous attributions to be

made in some publications, their effect is ephemeral, for "Truth is

mighty and will prevail," and the more carefully and exhaustively this

complicated subject is studied, the more apparent will it be that Morse

never claimed more than was his due; that his upright, truthloving

character, as revealed in his intimate correspondence and in the

testimony of his contemporaries, forbade his ever stooping to deceit or

wilful appropriation of the ideas of others.

A summary, in as few words as possible, of what Morse actually invented

or discovered may be, at this point, appropriate.

In 1832, he conceived the idea of a true electric telegraph--a writing at

a distance by means of the electromagnet. The use of the electro-magnet

for this purpose was original with him; it was entirely different from

any form of telegraph devised by others, and he was not aware, at the

time, that any other person had even combined the words "electric" and

"telegraph."

The mechanism to produce the desired result, roughly drawn in the 1832

sketch-book, was elaborated and made by Morse alone, and produced actual

results in 1835, 1836, and 1837. Still further perfected by him, with the

legitimate assistance of others, it became the universal telegraph of

to-day, holding its own and successfully contending with all other plans

of telegraphs devised by others.

He devised and perfected the dot-and-dash alphabet.

In 1836, he discovered the principle of the relay.

In 1838, he received a French patent for a system of railway telegraph,

which also embodies the principle of the police and fire-alarm telegraph.

At the same time he suggested a practical form of military telegraph.

In 1842, he laid the first subaqueous cable.

In 1842, he discovered, with Dr. Fisher, the principle of duplex

telegraphy, and he was also the first to experiment with wireless

telegraphy.

In addition to his electrical inventions and discoveries he was the first

to experiment with the Daguerreotype in America, and, with Professor

Draper, was the first in the world to take portraits by this means,

Daguerre himself not thinking it possible.

The verdict of the world, as pronounced at the time of his death, has

been strengthened with the lapse of years. He was one of the first to be

immortalized in the Hall of Fame. His name, like those of Volta, Galvani,

Ampere, and others, has been incorporated into everyday speech, and is

now used to symbolize the language of that simple but marvellous

invention which brings the whole world into intimate touch.

THE END

INDEX

Abbott, Gorham, American Asiatic Society, ~2~, 443

Abbott, J.S.C., from M. (1867) on Louis Napoleon in New York. ~2~, 451

Abdul Mejid, decorates M., ~2~, 297

Abernethy, John, personality, ~1~, 98, 99

Abolitionism, M.'s antagonism, ~2~, 390, 415, 416, 418, 420, 430, 446

Accidents to M., runaway (1828), ~1~, 293-295

in 1844, ~2~, 232

fall (1846), 268

during laying of Atlantic cable (1857), 376, 377, 383

breaks leg (1869), 480

Acton, ----. and M. at Peterhoff (1856), ~2~, 363

Adams, J.Q., and election to Presidency, Jackson's congratulations, ~1~,

263

and M.'s failure to get commission for painting for Capitol, ~2~, 28-30

Adams, John, portrait by M., ~1~, 196

Adams, Nehemiah, and Civil War, ~2~, 416

Adams, William, and M.'s last illness, ~2~, 506

at M.'s funeral, address, 511, 512

at memorial services, 514

_Agamemnon_, and laying of first Atlantic cable, ~2~, 378

Agate. F.S., pupil of M., ~1~, 257, 275

and origin of Academy of Design, 280

Albany, M. as portrait painter at (1823), ~1~, 245-249

Alexander I of Russia, in London (1814), appearance, anecdotes, ~1~,

142-146

Alexander II of Russia. M. on presentation to (1856), ~2~, 356-364

attempt on life at Paris (1867), 455

Allan, Sir Hugh, at banquet to M., ~2~, 473

Allegorical painting, M. on, ~1~, 318

Allegri, Gregorio, M. on _Miserere_, ~2~, 345

Allston, Washington, M. desires to study under, ~1~, 21

M. accompanies to England (1811), 31, 83

journey to London, 86, 38

on M. as artist, 46, 55, 56, 131

and Leslie, 59, 156

and death of wife, Coleridge's prescription, 59, 168

and M., Interest, influence and criticism, 74, 76, 83, 86, 104, 162,

197-199, 436

and War of 1812, 89

at premier of Coleridge's _Remorse_, 96

illness, 96

and Dr. Abernethy, 98, 99

M. on, as artist, 102, 105

M. on character. 105, 108

Dead Man restored to Life, 105, 122, 124, 148, 197, 199

poems, 110

on French school of art, 114

at Bristol (1814), 142, 153, 156, 171

painting for steamer, 289

Uriel in the Sun, 307

compliment to, 308

M. and death, ~2~, 207, 208

brush of, 207

M. presents portrait and brush to Academy of Design, 436, 437

_Letters:_ to M. (1814) on Dead Man, Blücher, ~1~, 147

with M. (1816) on sale of Dead Man, personal relations, 197, 198

from M. (1819) on work at Charleston, Albton as R.A., 221

to M. (1837) on rejection for government painting, ~2~, 32

from M. (1839) on daguerreotype and art, 143

with M. (1843) on telegraph act, illness, painting, 202

Allston, Mrs. Washington, Journey to England, ~1~, 33, 35

in England, health, 38

death, 168

Alphabet. _See_ Dot-and-dash.

Alston, J.A., and M., ~1~, 208, 214, 215, 233

to M. (1818-19) on portraits, 214, 224, 225

Amalfi, M. at (1830), ~1~, 364-367

American Academy of Art, condition (1825), ~1~, 276, 277

and union with Academy of Design, ~2~, 23

American Asiatic Society, ~2~, 443

American Society for promoting National Unity, ~2~, 415

Americans, M. on Cooper's patriotism (1832), ~1~, 426-428

on European criticism, 428, 429

Amyot, ----, and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 122, 147

Anderson, Alexander, and origin of Academy of Design, ~1~, 280

Andrews, Solomon, from M. (1849) on aviation, ~2~, 299

Angoulême, Duchesse d', in London (1814), ~1~, 138

Annunciation, M. on feast at Rome (1830), ~1~, 341

_Arabia_, transatlantic steamer (1857), ~2~, 384

Arago, D.F., and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 104, 107, 108, 255

Art, conditions in America (1813), ~1~, 100, 101

Boston and (1816), 197

_See also_ Painting.

Atlantic cable, M. prophesies (1843), ~2~, 208, 209

organisation of company, 341-843

M. as electrician, 343, 347

M.'s enthusiasm, 344

attempt to lay cable across Gulf of St. Lawrence (1855), 345

experiments of M. and Whitehouse, 348, 366

Kendall's caution to M. on company, 372

M.'s account of laying of first, 374-382

parting of first, 382

delay, offer to purchase remainder of first, 383

M.'s forced resignation from company, 384

M. on first message over completed (1858), his prediction of cessation,

386, 387

proposed, between Spain and West Indies, 404-406

M. on final success, 451

greeting of company to M. (1868), 469

"Attention the Universe" message, ~2~, 75

Australia, M.'s telegraph in, ~2~, 321

Austria, testimonials to M., ~2~, 392

Austro-Prussian War, influence of telegraph, ~2~, 463

Aviation, M. on (1849), ~2~, 300, 301

Avignon, M. at (1830), ~1~, 324, 325

Aycrigg, J.B., and telegraph, ~2~, 187, 189

from M. (1844) on ground circuit, 221

Aylmer, Lord, and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 124

Bain, Alexander, and telegraph, ~2~, 242, 3O4

and ground circuit, 243

Ball, Mrs.----, M.'s portrait and trouble with, letters from M. (1820),

~1~, 231-234

Balloon ascension at London (1811), ~1~, 49

_Baltic_, transatlantic steamer (1856), ~2~, 347

Baltimore, construction of first telegraph line, ~2~, 204-228

Bancroft, ----, transatlantic voyage (1815), ~1~, 188

Bancroft, George, and M. at Berlin, ~2~, 461

Banks, N.P., at M.'s farewell message to telegraph, ~2~, 486

at memorial services, 315

Banquets to M., at London (1856), ~2~, 368, 369

at Paris (1858), 396

at New York (1869), 467-475

Barberini, Cardinal, ~1~, 342

Barrell, Samuel, at Yale, ~1~, 9. 10

Battery, Gale's improvement of telegraph, ~2~, 55

M.'s improvement, 182

_See also_ Relay.

Beecher, Lyman, and M., ~1~, 238

Beechy, Sir William, M. on, ~1~, 63

Beggars, M. on Italian, ~1~, 330, 332, 341, 355, 363, 369

Belgium, interest in M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 244

and gratuity to M., 393

Belknap, Jeremy, on birth of M., ~1~, 2

Bellingham, John, assassinates Perceval, ~1~, 71

execution, 72

Bellows, H.W. from M. (1864) on Sanitary Commission, ~2~, 428

Benedict, Aaron, and wire for experimental line, ~2~, 208

Benevolence, as female virtue, ~1~, 323

Bennett, J.G., at French court (1867), ~2~, 449

Berkshire, Mass., M.'s trip (1821), ~1~, 238, 239

Berlin, M. at (1866), ~2~, 365

(1868), 461

Bernard, Simon, and M., ~2~, 104

and telegraph, 132

Bern, Duchesse de, appearance (1830), ~1~, 316

Bertassoli, Cardinal, death, ~1~, 347

Bettner, Dr. ----, and Henry-Morse controversy, ~2~, 318

Biddle, James, return to America (1832), ~1~, 430

Biddulph, T.T., as minister, ~1~, 121

Bigelow, John, farewell banquet to (1867), ~2~, 451

Blaine. J.G., address at memorial services to M., ~2~, 514, 515

Blake, W.P., to M. (1869) on M.'s report, ~2~, 475

on Henry controversy, 475

from M. on same, 478

Blanchard, Thomas, machine for carving marble, ~1~, 245

Blenheim estates, reduced condition (1829), ~1~, 307

Bliss, Seth, and Civil War, ~2~, 416

Blücher, G.L. von, at London (1814), appearance, ~1~, 146, 147

Boardman, W.W., and telegraph, letters with M. (1842), ~2~, 173-177, 187,

189.

Bodisco, Alexander de, from M. (1844) on telegraph, ~2~, 240

state dinner, 245

Bologna, M. on, ~1~, 391

Boorman, James, and Civil War, ~2~, 416

Borland, Catherine, ~1~, 111

Boston, and art (1816), ~1~, 197

Boston _Recorder_, founding, ~1~, 208

Boudy, Comte, and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 112, 123

Breese, Arthur, and marriage of daughter, ~1~, 228

Breese, Catherine, marriage, ~1~, 229

_See also_ Griswold.

Breese, Elisabeth A. (Mrs. Jedediah Morse), ~1~, 2

Breese, Samuel, in navy, ~1~, 88

under Perry, 140

Breese, Sidney, and M., ~2~, 411

Breguet, Louis, from M. (1851) on rewards for invention, ~2~, 313

Brett, J.W., and Atlantic cable, ~2~ 343

and M. in England (1856), 348, 349, 351

from M. (1858) on withdrawal from cable company, 385

and proposed Spanish cable, 406

Bristol, England, M. at (1813, 1814), ~1~, 119. 121, 153, 163, 169-171

Broek, M. van der, and gratuity to M., ~2~, 391

Broek, Holland, M. on unnatural neatness, ~2~, 261-283

Bromfield, Henry, and M. in England, ~1~, 39, 152

from M. (1820) on family at New Haven, 234

Brooklyn, N.Y., defences (1814), ~1~, 150

Brooks, David, and telegraph, ~2~, 290

Brougham, Lord, and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 95, 125

Brown, James, banquet to M., ~2~, 467

Bryant, W. C., and The Club, ~1~, 282

from M. (1865) on Allston's portrait, ~2~, 436

at banquet to M., 472

address at unveiling of statue to M., 484

tribute to M., 508

Buchanan, James, official letter introducing M. (1845), ~2~, 248

M. on election (1856), 371

Budd, T.A., and Perry's Japanese expedition, ~2~, 317

Bulfinch, Charles, and M., ~2~, 188

Bullock, A.H., sentiment for banquet to M., ~2~, 469

Bunker Hill Monument, Greenough on plans, ~1~, 413

Burbank, David, from M. (1844) on price for invention, ~2~, 235

Burder, George, minister at London (1811), ~1~, 120

Burritt, Benjamin, prisoner of war, M.'s efforts for release, ~1~,

124-127

Butler, Charles, at M.'s funeral, ~2~, 611

Cadwalader, Thomas, return to America (1832), ~1~, 430

_Caledonia_, transatlantic steamer (1846), ~2~, 266

Calhoun, J.C., and M.'s effort for commission for painting for Capitol,

~2~, 28

California, graft in telegraph organisation, ~2~, 338, 339

Campagna, Roman, dangers at night, ~1~, 359

Campbell, Sir John, and M.'s application for patent, ~2~, 93, 98

Campo Santo at Naples, ~1~, 367-369

Camucoini, Vincenso, M. on, as artist, ~1~, 350

Canterbury, M. on cathedral and service, ~1~, 310-312

Cardinals, lying in state, ~1~, 344

Carmichael, James, and proposed Spanish cable, ~2~, 405

Caroline, Queen, palace, ~1~, 309

Carrara, M. on quarries (1830), ~1~, 333-336

Carter, William, courier, ~2~, 362

Cass, Lewis, and M. at Paris (1838), ~2~, 109, 111

Cass, Mrs. Lewis, from M. (1836) on lotteries, ~2~ 131

Castlereagh, Lord, and Orders in Council (1812), ~1~, 76

_Catalogue Raisonné_, ~1~, 196, 200

Causici, Enrico, at Washington (1825), ~1~, 263

_Ceres_, transatlantic voyage (1815), ~1~, 186-195

Chamberlain, Capt. ----, transatlantic voyage (1815), ~1~, 188

Chamberlain, ----, exhibition of telegraph in European centers, ~2~, 148,

149

drowned, 149

Champlin, E.H., American Asiatic Society, ~2~, 444

Chapin, C.L., and M.'s telegraph in Europe, ~2~, 255

Charivari, M. on, ~1~, 78

Charles X of France, New Year (1830), ~1~, 315

Charleston, M. as portrait painter at (1818-21), ~1~, 214-217, 216-225,

226-237

portrait of President Monroe, 222

M. and art academy, 235, 236

Charlestown, Mass., dual celebration of Fourth (1805), ~1~, 7

Jedediah Morse's church troubles, 223-225, 229

Charlotte Augusta, Princess, appearance (1814), ~1~, 137

Charlotte Sophia, Queen, appearance (1814), ~2~, 137

Chase, ----, and experimental line, ~2~, 209

Chase, S.P., presides at banquet to M., speeches, ~2~, 468-170, 475

Chauncey, Isaac, Cooper on, ~1~, 263

Chauvin, ---- von, and M. at Berlin, ~2~, 461

_Chesapeake_, U.S.S., defeat, ~1~, 109, 110

Chevalier, Michael, from M. (1868) on leaving Paris, ~2~, 464

Cholera, in Paris (1832), ~1~, 417, 422

political effect, 431

Christ before Pilate, West's painting, ~1~, 44, 47

Christ healing the Side, West's painting, ~1~, 44

Christian IX of Denmark, and M., ~2~, 465

Christy, David, from M. (1863) on slavery, ~2~, 426

Church and State, M. on union, ~2~, 458

Church of England, disestablishment in Virginia, ~1~, 13

M. on service, 311

Circuit, single, of M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 18, 102

ground, 221, 367, 470

Cisco, J.J., banquet to M., ~2~, 467

Civil War, M.'s hope of prevention, ~2~, 414, 418

his attitude during, 415, 424, 432

his belief in foreign machinations, 420

M. and McClellan's candidacy, 427, 429-431

M. and Sanitary Commission, 428

M.'s denunciation of rejoicing over success, 438-441

Claflin, William, and statue to M., ~2~, 483

Clarke, George, buys M.'s painting of Louvre, M.'s letter on this (1834),

~2~, 27, 28

Clay, Henry, and M.'s effort for commission for painting for Capitol, ~2~,

28

Clinton, ----, of Albany, and M. (1823), ~1~, 247

Club, The, of New York, ~1~, 282, 451

Coat of arms, Morse, ~1~, 110, ~2~, 268

Coffin, I.N., and lobbying for telegraph grant, ~2~, 164, 173

Cogdell, J.S., artist at Charleston (1819), ~1~, 221

and art academy there, 236

Colt, Daniel, gift to Academy of Design, ~1~, 384

Cole, Thomas, and origin of Academy of Design, ~1~, 280

at Royal Academy (1829), 308

to M. (1837) on presidency of Academy of Design, ~2~, 32

Coleridge, S.T., mental prescription for Allston, ~1~, 60

and hat-wearing, 60

and M., traits, 95, 96

premier of _Remorse_, 96

and _Knickerbocker's History of New York_, 97

Colfax, Schuyler, and banquet to M., ~2~, 468

at memorial services, 514

Color, M.'s theory and experiments, ~1~, 436

Colt, ----, with M. at Peterhoff (1856), ~2~, 357

Como, Lake of, M. at (1831), ~1~, 400

Concentration of effort, Jedediah Morse on, ~1~, 4

Concord, N.H., M. at and on (1816), ~1~, 201, 209

Congregational Church, Jedediah Morse and orthodoxy, ~1~, 4

Congress, M.'s painting of House (1822), ~1~, 240-242, 252

conduct of presidential election (1825), 263

resolution to investigate telegraph (1837), ~2~, 71

skeptical of M.'s invention, 72

exhibition of telegraph before (1838) but no grant, 81, 88, 103, 135,

137, 150

Smith's report on telegraph, 87

renewal of effort for telegraph grant without result (1841-42), 164,

166, 173-177

second exhibition of telegraph (1842), 185

workers for telegraph grant, 186, 189

bill for experimental line in House (1843), 190-195

passage of bill in House, 195

no action expected in Senate, 197-199

passage of act, 199-201

refuses to purchase telegraph, 228, 229, 232, 244, 245

memorial services to M., 513-516

Consolidation of telegraph lines, ~2~, 320, 326, 341, 405

M. on beneficent monopoly, 444

_See also_ Public ownership.

Constant, Benjamin, appearance (1830), ~1~, 316

Constitution, M. on loyalty, ~2~, 429

Cooke, O.F., rival of Kemble, ~1~, 77

Cooke, Sir W.F., telegraph, ~2~, 50

M. on telegraph and his own, 92, 93, 242

opposes patent to M., 93

proposition to M. rejected, 158

telegraph displaced by M.'s, 313

personal relations with M., 350

advocates use of M.'s telegraph, 368

presides at banquet to M., speech, 368, 369

Cooper, H., and M.'s application for British patent, ~1~, 98, 99

Cooper, J.F., characteristic remark, ~1~, 263

at Rome (1830), 338

read in Poland, 388

to M. (1832) on Verboeckhoven and portrait of C., 414

on criticisms, bitterness against America, 416

statement of M.'s hints on telegraph (1831), 418, 419

from M. (1849) on this, 420

at Fourth dinner at Paris (1832), 424

M. on principles and patriotism, 426-428

from M. (1832) on departure for America, Leslie's politics, ~2~, 3-5

from M. (1833) on illness, cares, conditions in New York, Cooper's

friends, art future, nullification, 21-24

and rejection of M. for painting for Capitol, 30

from M. (1849) on failure as painter, 31

from M. (1849) on newspaper libels, _Home as Found_, 304

M. on death and character, 314

Cooper, Peter, and Atlantic cable, ~1~, 343, 372

banquet to M., 467

at M.'s funeral, 511

Copenhagen. M. at (1856), ~1~, 351, 354

Copley, J.S., M. on, in old age. ~1~, 47, 102

Corcoran, W.W., telegraph company, ~2~, 247

Corcoran Gallery, M.'s House of Representatives, ~1~, 242

Cornell, Ezra, and construction of experimental line, ~2~, 214-216, 489

M. on benevolences, 442, 489

at M.'s funeral, 511

Cornell University, M. on founding, ~2~, 442

Cornwell, Sadie E., and M.'s farewell message to telegraph, ~2~, 486

_Corpus Domini_, procession at Rome (1830), ~1~, 352

Cox, S.S., resolutions on death of M., ~1~, 513

at memorial services, 515

Coyle, James, and origin of Academy of Design, ~1~, 280

Crawford, W.H., Edwards' charges against (1824), ~1~, 256

Cries of London, ~1~, 48

Crinoline, M. on, ~2~, 373

Crosby, Howard, and M.'s farewell message to telegraph, ~2~, 485

Cummings, T.S., and origin of Academy of Design, ~1~, 280

and M. as president of Academy, 280

on M.'s connection with Academy, 281

and commission to M. for historical painting, ~2~, 33

and telegraph, 74, 75

Curtin, A.G., banquet to M., ~2~, 467, 473

Curtis, B.R., telegraph decision, ~2~, 347, 370

Curtis, G.T., M.'s attorney, ~2~, 370

from M. (1860) on Smith's claim to gratuity, 409-411

and on law, 411

Daggett, ----, of New Haven, M.'s portrait (1811), ~2~, 25

Daguerre, L.J.M., and M. at Paris (1839), ~2~, 128-130

from M. on Sabbath, 128

burning of Diorama, 130

French subsidy, 130

from M. (1839) on honorary membership in Academy of Design, exhibition

of daguerreotype in New York, 141

reply, 142

and portraits, 145

Daguerreotype, inventor imparts secret to M., ~2~, 129

discovery made public, 143

M. on effect on art, 143, 144

experiments of M. and Draper, portraits first taken, 144-146

M.'s gallery, 146, 152

first group picture, 146

Daly, C.P., and M.'s farewell message to telegraph, ~2~, 486

Dana, J.F., M. and lectures on electricity (1827), ~1~, 290

friendship and discussions with M., 290

Dana, R.H., at memorial services to M., ~2~, 516

Danforth, M.L. and origin of Academy of Design, ~1~, 280

M. on, ~2~, 5

Dartmouth College, quarrel (1816), ~1~, 208

Date of invention of telegraph, ~2~, 12, 13

Daubeny, C.G.B., inspects early telegraph, ~2~, 54

Davenport, Ann, ~1~, 28

Davis, ----, of New Haven, M. rooms at house (1805), ~1~, 10

Davy, Edward, and relay, ~2~, 42

M. on telegraph, 101, 102

Day, Jeremiah, and M.'s pump, ~1~, 211

to M. (1822) on gift to Yale, 243

Dead Man restored to Life, Allston's painting, ~1~, 105, 122, 124, 148,

197, 199

Deadhead, M.'s characteristic telegraphic, ~2~, 445

Declaration of Independence, anecdote of George III and, ~1~, 42, 43

Decorations, foreign, for M., ~2~, 297, 298, 392, 393, 465

DeForest, D.C., to M. (1823) on portrait, ~1~, 243

Delaplaine, Joseph, and M., ~1~, 196

Democratic Convention, reports by telegraph (1844), ~2~, 224-226

Denmark, and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 352

decoration for M., 393, 465

Dennison, William, banquet to M., ~2~, 467

De Rham, H.C., informal club, ~2~, 451

Desoulavy, ----, artist at Rome, escapes poisoning (1831), ~1~, 397

De Witt, Jan, concentration of effort, ~1~, 4

Dexter, Miss C., and sketch of Southey, ~1~, 73, 113

Dijon, M. at (1830), ~1~, 320

Diligence, described, ~1~, 319

Dining hour, English (1811), ~1~, 40

Discovery and invention, ~2~, 13

Dividends, M. on lack, 2, 311, 336.

Dix, J.A., to M. (1829) on letters of introduction, ~1~, 299

at M.'s funeral, ~2~, 511

Dodge, W.E., banquet to M., ~2~, 467, 473

Donaldson, R., M.'s painting for, ~1~, 338

Dot-and-dash code, conception for numbers with hint of alphabet, ~2~, 7,

11, 12, 17, 18

as recorded by first receiver, 39

numbers principle, dictionary, 61, 74

paternity of alphabet, 62-68

substitution of alphabet for numbers, 74-76

peculiar to M.'s telegraph, 93

M. on reading by sound, 457, 479, 480

Douglas, G.L., from M. (1862) on effort to prevent Civil War, ~2~, 418

Dover Castle, M. on, ~1~, 313

Drake, Mrs. ----, transatlantic voyage (1815), ~1~, 188

Draper, J.W., and daguerreotypes, ~2~, 145, 146

Drawing-room, M. on Queen Charlotte's (1812), ~1~, 77;

on Mrs. Monroe's (1819), 227

Dresden, M. at (1867), ~2~, 459

Drummond, Henry, and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 95, 126

Dubois, John, at Rome (1830), ~1~, 340

Dunlap, William, on M.'s Dying Hercules, ~1~, 105, 106

on M.'s Judgment of Jupiter, 178, 179

and origin of Academy of Design, 280

Duplex telegraphy, Fisher's discovery (1842), ~2~, 185, 187

Durand, A. B., engraving of M.'s Lafayette, ~1~, 260

and origin of Academy of Design, 280

Dwight, S.E., and M., ~1~, 10

from M. (1811) on Daggett portrait, 25

Dwight, Timothy, and M., ~1~, 10

on Jedediah Morse, 287

Dwight's Tavern, Western, Mass., ~1~, 9

Dying Hercules, M.'s sculpture and painting, ~1~, 85, 86, 102-107, 119,

134, 185, 437, 2, 188

Edwards, Ninian, proposed Mexican mission (1824), and charges against

Crawford, ~1~, 253, 256

from M. on mission, 254

Electricity, M.'s interest at college, ~1~, 18

and in Dana's lectures (1827), 290

Henry on electric power, ~2~, 171

_See also_ Morse (S.F.B.), Telegraph.

Elgin, Earl of, and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 95, 124, 128

to M. (1839) on patent, 126

Elgin Marbles, M. on, ~1~, 47, 2, 124

Elisabeth, Princess, appearance (1814), ~1~, 137

Ellsworth, Annie, and telegraph, ~2~, 199, 200, 217, 221

Ellsworth, Henry, and M. abroad, ~2~, 250

Ellsworth, H.L., marriage, ~1~, 112

and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 69, 189

on telegraph in France, 108, 109

from M. (1843) on construction of experimental line, 217

Ellsworth, Nancy (Goodrich), ~1~, 112

Ellsworth, William, engagement, ~1~, 112

Emancipation Proclamation, M. on, ~2~, 424, 429

Embargo, effect in England, ~1~, 39

Emotion of taste, M. on, ~1~, 401

England, appearance of women, ~1~, 36;

wartime travel regulations (1811), 36

condition of laboring classes, 36

treatment of travellers, 37-39

critical condition (1811), effect of American embargo, 39, 56, 57, 63

dining hour, 40

attitude toward art, 46

unpopularity of Regent, crisis (1812), 67, 70, 71

assassination of Perceval, 71

Spanish victories (1813), 110

severe winter (1813), 123

economic depression (1815), 175

Liverpool (1829), 302, 303

stage-coach journey to London, 306-308

peasantry, villages, 306

Canterbury cathedral, church service, 310-312

Dover, 313

M. on social manners, 348

refusal of patent to M., ~2~, 93-99, 124, 126

coronation of Victoria, 100, 101

use of M.'s telegraph, 367

no share in gratuity to M., 393

M. on, and Civil War, 420

_See also_ London, Napoleonic Wars, Neutral trade, War of 1812.

English Channel, steamers (1829), ~1~, 314

(1845), ~2~, 250

Erie, Lake, battle, ~1~, 151

Esterhasy, Prince, M. on, at Peterhoff (1856), ~2~, 358

Evarts, Jeremiah, to M. (1812) on avoiding politics, ~1~, 86

Evarts, W.M., at banquet to M., ~2~, 472

Evers, John, and origin of Academy of Design, ~1~, 280

Experimental line, bill for, in Congress, ~2~, 189-201

route, 204

M.'s assistants, 204-206, 210, 214

wires, failure of underground, substitution of overhead, 205, 208-210,

214-216

trouble with Smith, 206, 207, 212, 213, 218

progress, 219

operation during construction, 219-221

completion, "What hath God wrought" message, 221-224

reports of Democratic Convention, 224-226

cost of construction, 227

incidents of utility, 227, 228

Fairman, Gideon, and study of live figure, ~1~, 101

Faraday, Michael, and Atlantic cable, ~2~, 343

Farewell message to telegraph, ceremony of sending M.'s, ~2~, 485-491

Farmer, M.G., and duplex telegraph, ~2~, 189

Farragut, D.G., and banquet to M., ~2~, 468

Faxton, T.S., from M. (1847) on salaries, ~2~, 274

Federalists, celebration of Fourth at Charlestown (1805), ~1~, 7

British opinion (1812), 81

_See also_ War of 1812.

Ferguson, ----, travel with M. (1831), ~1~, 395, 402

Ferris, C.G., and telegraph, ~2~, 177, 186, 189

Field, ----, pupil of M., ~1~, 258

Field, C.W., and consolidation of telegraph companies, ~2~, 341

organisation of Atlantic cable company, 341-343

from M. (1856) on experiments for cable, 348, 366

Kendall's distrust, 372

and M.'s retirement from cable company, 385, 386

from M. (1867) on a visit, success of cable, 450, 451

banquet to M., 467, 469

from M. (1871) on neutralizing telegraph, 497

at M.'s funeral, 511

at memorial service, 516

Field, D.D., and Atlantic cable, ~2~, 343

at banquet to M., 473

Field, M.D., and telegraph, ~2~, 342

Finley, J.E.B., and War of 1812, ~1~, 183

and M. at Charleston, 214, 220

to M. (1818) on portraits, 216

death, 225

Finley, Samuel, ~1~, 2

Fire-alarm, M.'s invention embodying principle, ~2~, 132

Fish, Hamilton, at early exhibition of telegraph, ~2~, 48

banquet to M., 467

Fisher, ----, artist at Charleston (1819), ~1~, 221

Fisher, J.C., and duplex telegraphy, ~2~, 185, 187

M.'s assistant at Washington, 186, 196

and construction of experimental line, dismissed, 204, 205, 210-213,

216

Fisher, J.F., return to America (1832), ~2~, 3

on conception of telegraph, 11

Fleas, M. on Porto Rican, ~2~, 406

Fleischmann, C.T., on Europe and M.'s telegraph (1845), ~2~, 254

Florence, M.'s journey to, during revolt (1831), ~1~, 385

M. at, 386, 390

Flower feast at Genzano, ~1~, 354-359

Forsyth, Dr. ----, American Asiatic Company, ~2~, 444

Foss, ----, and F.O.J. Smith, ~2~, 319

Fourth of July, dual celebration at Charlestown (1805), ~1~, 7

dinner at Paris (1832), 423-425

Foy, Alphonse, and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 105, 109, 255

France, M. on attitude of Americans (1812), ~1~, 90, 91

M. on first landing in (1829), 314

on Sunday in, 318, 322

cold (1830), 317, 320

winter Journey across, by diligence, 318-326

funeral, 321, 322

M. on social manners, 348

quarantine (1831), M. avoids it, 402-405

Lafayette on results of Revolution of 1830, 430

patent to M., ~2~, 103

M.'s exhibitions and projects (1838), 104-134

renewed interest in M.'s telegraph, 240, 243, 244, 255, 256, 313, 351

M. on people, 256

testimonials to M., 392

_See also_ Napoleonic Wars, Paris.

Francesco Caracoiolo, St., M. on feast, ~1~, 352

Franklin, Benjamin, name coupled with M.'s, ~2~, 236, 237, 346, 469

M. unveils statue, 505

Franklin Institute, exhibition of telegraph, ~2~, 80

Fraser, Charles, artist at Charleston (1819), ~1~, 221

Frasee, John, and origin of Academy of Design, ~1~, 280

Frederick VII of Denmark, and M., ~1~, 373, ~2~, 353

Frederick III of Germany, battle of Königgrätz, ~2~, 463

Frederick William III of Prussia, at London (1814), ~1~, 146

Fredrick Carl, Prince, battle of Königgrätz, ~2~, 463

Frelinghuysen, Theodore, nomination for Vice-Presidency announced over

telegraph, ~2~, 219

Fremel, ----, and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 111

French, B.B., telegraph company, ~2~, 247

French Academy of Science. _See_ Institute of France.

Frischen ,----, and duplex telegraphy, ~2~, 187

Fry, ----, and telegraph company (1844), ~2~, 236

Fulton, Robert, and art, ~2~, 471

_Fulton_, transatlantic steamer (1856), ~2~, 386

Funeral, M. on French, ~1~, 321, 322

on lying in state of cardinal, 344

on Roman, 350

on Italian, 366, 367

of M., ~2~, 311, 312

Fuseli, J.H., and M., ~1~, 179

Gale, L.D., first view of telegraph, ~2~, 41

aid to M. in telegraph, 53-59, 61, 70, 489

partnership in telegraph, 83

loses interest, 136, 139, 151

and subaqueous experiment, 183

and construction of experimental line, 204, 211, 210

Kendall as agent, 246, 326

and estrangement with Henry, 264

and extension of M.'s patent, 325

from M. (1854) on Kendall, 326

(1855) on trip to Newfoundland, 345

M.'s tribute, 471

from M. (1869) on receiving by sound, 479

to M. (1872) on Smith's last attack, 499

to Rogers on invention of telegraph, 500

from M. on Smith, 502

_Galen_, transatlantic ship (1811), ~1~, 55

Gallagher, H.M., and M.'s farewell message to telegraph, ~2~, 486

Gallatin, Albert, informal club, ~2~, 451

and Louis Napoleon at New York, 452

Galley slaves, at Toulon (1830), ~1~, 326, 327

Garfield, J.A., at memorial services to M., ~2~, 515

Gay-Lussac, J.L., and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 108

Genoa, Serra Palace, ~1~, 329

Genzano, _festa infiorala_ (1830), ~1~, 354-359

George III, anecdote of Declaration of Independence, ~1~, 42, 43

expected death (1811), 54

George IV, unpopularity as Regent (1812), ~1~, 67, 71

appearance, 77

George, Sir Rupert, and American prisoner of war, ~1~, 126

Georgia, and nullification, ~2~, 23

Ghost, scare at London (1811), ~1~, 41

Gibbs. Mrs. A.J.C., child, ~1~, 112

Gibson, ----, artist at Rome, escape from poisoning (1831), ~1~, 397

Gintl, J.W., and duplex telegraph, ~2~, 187

Gisborne, F.N., and telegraph, ~2~, 342

Glenelg, Lord, and War of 1812, ~1~, 90

Gleson, ----, oration at Charlestown (1805), ~1~, 7

Goddard, Elisha, return to America (1813), ~1~, 107

Gonon, ----, visual telegraph, ~2~, 53, 166

Goodhue, Jonathan, informal club, ~2~, 451

Goodrich, Mary, drawing, ~2~, 506

Goodrich, Nancy, marriage, ~1~, 112

Goodrich, W.H., American Asiatic Society, ~2~, 444

presented at French court, 448-450

Goodrich, Mrs. W.H. (Griswold), from M. (1862) on prospect of Northern

success, ~2~, 419

at Paris (1866), 448

Gould, James, and M., ~1~, 238

Grant, Charles. _See_ Glenelg.

Grant, U.S., M. on candidacy (1868), ~2~, 465, 466

and banquet to M., 468

at memorial services, 514

Granville, Countess, M. on, at Peterhoff (1856), ~2~, 358

Granville, Earl, M. on, at Peterhoff (1856), ~2~, 362, 363

Gratuity, proposed foreign, to M., ~2~, 373

award, nations participating, 390, 391

commission to Broek, 391

niggardly, 392

M.'s acknowledgment, 394, 395

Smith's claim to share, 409-411, 423

share for Vail's widow, 422

Greeley, Horace, unveils statue of Franklin, ~2~, 505

Green, Norvin, from M. (1855) on effect of telegraph, ~2~, 345

Greenough, Horatio, and M. at Paris (1831), ~1~, 406

to M. (1832) on art future of America, poverty, religion, Bunker Hill

Monument, M.'s. domestic affairs, 412

Gregory XVI, election, ~1~, 378

coronation, 380, 381

policy, 383

Grier, R.C., telegraph decision, ~2~, 293

Griswold, A.B., from M. (1861) on being a traitor, ~2~, 418

Griswold, Catherine (Breese), marriage, ~1~, 228

in Europe with M. (1858), ~2~, 396

from M. (1858) on experiences in West Indies, 397, 406

(1866) on Paris quarters, 447

(1867) on presentation at court, 448

Griswold, H.W., marriage, ~1~, 228

Griswold, R.W., from M. (1852) on Cooper, ~2~, 314

Griswold, Sarah E., marries M., ~2~, 289, 290

Gros, A.J., M. on allegorical painting, ~1~, 318

Gypsies, M. on, ~1~, 310

Habersham, R.W., and M. at Paris (1832), on hints of telegraph, ~1~, 417,

418

on M.'s experiments with photography, 421

Halske, J.G., and duplex telegraph, ~2~, 187

Hamburg, M. at and on (1845), ~2~, 253, 254

(1856), 352

Hamilton, J.C., informal club, ~2~, 452

Hamlin, Cyrus, and telegraph in Turkey, ~2~, 298

Hanover, N.H., M. at (1816), ~1~, 209

Hare and tortoise fable applied to M. and brother, ~2~, 388, 389

Harris, Levitt, M. on, ~1~, 146

Harrison, Thomas, American Asiatic Society, ~2~, 444

Hart, Ann, marries Isaac Hull, ~1~, 112

Hart, Eliza, ~1~, 28

Hart, Jannette, and M., ~1~, 28-30, 112

Hartford, inn (1805), ~1~, 9

Harvard College, lottery (1811), ~1~, 46

Hauser, Martin, from M. (1863) on slavery, ~2~, 424

Haven, G.W., at Fourth dinner at Paris (1832), ~1~, 424

Hawks, F.L., and Civil War, ~2~, 416

Hawley, Dr. -----, of New Haven, sermon (1810), ~1~, 20

Hayne, R.Y., and M., ~1~, 252, 253

Henry, Joseph, and relay, ~2~, 42, 140, 141

share in M.'s telegraph controversy, 55-57, 261-266, 318, 329, 402, 405,

476-479, 500, 504

letters with M. (1839) on consultation, 138-141

to M. (1842) in praise of telegraph, 170-174

on electric power, 171

and construction of experimental line, 215

Smith on, as inventor of telegraph, 498, 499

Hepburn, H.C., and telegraph, ~2~, 296

Hillhouse, Joseph, to M. (1813) on M.'s family, social gossip, ~1~, 111

Hillhouse, Mary, ~1~, 111

Hilliard, Francis, referee on Smith's claim, ~2~, 411

Hilton, William, meets M., ~1~, 308

Hinkley, Ann, death, ~1~, 8

Hodge, Aspinwall, from M. (1872) on Smith's last attack, ~2~, 602

Hodgson, ----, proposed Mexican mission (1824), ~1~, 263

Hoffman, J.T., banquet to M., ~2~, 467;

at unveiling of statue to M., 483;

at M.'s funeral, 511

Holland, M. on Broek (1845), ~2~, 261-253

and gratuity to M., 393

Holmes, I.E., and telegraph, ~2~, 180

Holy Thursday at St. Peter's (1830), ~1~, 346, 347

Holy See, and gratuity to M., ~2~, 393

_See also_ Rome.

Holy Week in Rome (1830), ~1~, 344-347

Hone, Philip, owns M.'s Thorwaldsen, ~1~, 372

Hoover, R.B., and statue to M., ~2~, 482

Hopkins, J.H., and Civil War, ~2~, 416

Horsford, E.N., on invention of telegraph, ~2~, 14-17

on discovery of relay, 41, 42

at memorial services to M., 516

House, R.E., and telegraph, ~2~, 271. 276

House of Representatives, M.'s painting, ~1~, 240-242, 252

Houston, G.S., and telegraph, ~2~, 194

Howard, Henry, meets M., ~1~, 308

Howe, S.G., imprisonment at Berlin, ~1~, 430

Hubbard, R., pupil of M., ~2~, 156

Hull, Ann (Hart), ~1~, 112

Hull, Isaac, marriage, ~1~, 112

Humboldt, Alexander von, and M., ~1~, 423, ~2~, 104, 108, 365

inscription on photograph, 366

Hunt, W.G., and Atlantic cable, ~2~, 343

Huntington, Daniel, and M.'s House of Representatives, ~1~, 242;

estimate of M. as artist, 435-437

early view of telegraph, ~2~, 48

banquet to M., speech, 467, 473

at M.'s funeral, 511

Huntington, J.W., and telegraph, ~2~, 187, 199

Husted, J.W., at M.'s funeral, ~2~, 512

Hutton, M.S., and Civil War, ~2~, 416

Immigration, M.'s attitude, ~2~, 331-333

India, and M.'s telegraph, ~2~, 350

Indians, Jedediah Morse as special commissioner, ~1~, 228

Ingham, C.C., and portrait of Lafayette, ~1~, 261

and origin of Academy of Design, 280

to M. (1849) on Academy, ~2~, 306

Inman, Henry, and portrait of Lafayette, ~1~, 261

and origin of Academy of Design, 280

to M. (1849) on Academy, ~2~, 305

Institute of France, M.'s exhibition of telegraph, ~2~, 104, 107, 108, 256

M.'s membership, 393

Invention, Horsford on necessary elements, ~2~, 16

_See also_ Morse, S.F.B. (_Scientific career._)

Ireland, Mrs. ----, at Recoaro (1831), ~1~, 897

Irving, Washington, and Coleridge, ~1~, 97

and M. at London (1829), 309

Isham, Samuel, estimate of M. as artist, ~1~, 437, 438

Isle of Wight, M. on (1867), ~2~, 466

Italy, travel from Nice to Rome (1830), ~1~, 328-337

beggars, 330, 332, 341, 355, 363, 369

perils of travel, 332, 400

flower festival at Genzano, 354-359

M. at Naples and Amalfi, 364-370

condition of travel (1831), 391

to Venice by boat on Po, 391-393

M. at Venice, 393-396

testimonials to M., 2, 393

M. on conditions (1867), 468

_See also_ Rome.

Jackson, Andrew, congratulates Adams on election (1825), ~1~, 263

Jackson. C.T., voyage with M. (1832), ~2~, 3

talks on electrical progress, later claim of giving M. idea of telegraph,

6, 11, 58, 69, 78, 79, 121, 137, 274, 305

Jacobins, Federalist name for Republicans (1805), ~1~, 7

Jarvis, ----, with M. at Peterhoff (1856), ~2~, 357

Jarvis, S.F., to M. (1814) on war from Federalist point of view, ~1~, 157

Jarvis, Mrs. S.F. (Hart), 1, 28;

from M. (1811) on attitude toward art, Copley, West, Elgin Marbles,

London cries, knocking, American crisis, ~1~, 46

to M. (1813) on art in America, 100

Jay, P.A., and Cooper, ~2~, 22

informal club, 451

Jewett, J.S., on M. and Atlantic cable, ~2~, 386

Jewett, William, and origin of Academy of Design, ~1~, 280

Jocelyn, N., travel with M. on continent (1830-31), ~1~, 309, 317

from M. (1864) on attempt to paint, ~2~, 433

Johnson, Andrew, M. on, ~2~, 446

and banquet to M., 468

Johnson, Cave, and telegraph, ~2~, 192, 194, 225, 232

from M. (1845) on Vail, 275

Johnson, William, informal club, ~2~, 451

Johnston, J.T., and M.'s Thorwaldsen, from M. (1868) on it, ~1~, 372-374

Judgment of Jupiter, M.'s painting, ~1~, 178, 179, 196, 199, 215

Kane, J.K., telegraph decision, ~2~, 273, 293

Kane, James, and M., ~1~, 247

Kemble, J.P., M. on, as actor, ~1~, 77

Kendall, Amos, character as M.'s business agent, M.'s confidence, ~2~,

246, 326, 336, 372, 389, 409, 471, 481

first telegraph company, 247

progress, 247

and rival companies, 276

on Jackson's claim, 305

and Smith, 308, 309, 503

and consolidation of lines, 320

and extension of patent, 325

benevolences, 442

M. on death, 481

_Letters to M:_

(1849) on despondency, litigation, ~2~, 301

(1862) on destruction of evidence, 316

(1855) on California telegraph graft, 338

on suspicion of the Vails, 339

on sale of interests, trials of management, 340

(1857) on distrust of cable company, 372

(1858) on foreign gratuity, 392

(1859) on death of Vail, 400

_From M:_

(1847) on mercy to infringers, 272

(1861) on preparation against loss of suits, Smith, 311

(1852) on Smith's triumph, law expenses, 319, 320

(1854) on lack of dividends, 336

on Smith and extension of patent, 346

(1866) on same, 370

(1869) on honors and enmity, 406

on lawyers, 409

(1860) on Smith and gratuity, 410

on ball to Prince of Wales, 414

(1862) on foreign machinations in Civil War, 420

(1866) on telegraph monopoly, 444

Kendall, John, and M., ~2~, 323

Kennedy, J.P., and telegraph, ~2~, 189, 192, 193

Kent, James, M.'s portrait, ~1~, 247, 248, 250

and Cooper, ~2~, 22

informal club, 451

and Louis Napoleon at New York, 452

Kent, Moss, M.'s portrait, ~1~, 246

Key. _See_ Sender.

King, C.B., Leslie on, ~1~, 59

to M. (1813) on personal relations, 60

at premier of Coleridge's _Remorse_, 96;

return to America, 100, 101

King's (Liverpool) Arms Hotel, ~1~, 34, 302

Kingsley, J.L., M.'s profile, ~1~, 19

Kirk, E.N., and M.'s exhibition of telegraph at Paris, ~2~, 106, 133

Knocking, M. on custom at London, ~1~, 48

Know-Nothing Party, M.'s attitude, ~2~, 332, 337

Königgrätz, battle of, influence of telegraph, ~2~, 463

Krebs, J.M., and Civil War, ~2~, 416