its east boundary, the Umtugela and Umzimyati Rivers, lat. 29° 10′ E.,
and Delagoa Bay, lat. 26° S., long. 32° 40′ E., is generally known under
the name of Zululand, or the Zulu country, inhabited by independent
tribes of Zulu Kaffirs. The Zulu is by nature social, light of heart,
and cheerful; his passions are, however, strong, and called out when in
a state of war. He is hospitable and honest, yet greedy and stingy; and
whatever the better nature of his impulses may be, yet when his great
chief commands war, he is converted into a demon. It is from the Zulu
country, however, that those terrible tyrants who so long devastated
Southeastern Africa, the chiefs Chaka, Dingaan, Moselikatze, etc.,
issued. The training of their subjects to a peculiar mode of warfare
spread desolation and havoc for many years among the Betjuana and other
tribes of the interior. These chiefs with their thousands of followers,
fighting, like Homer’s heroes, hand to hand, armed with stabbing
assagais and shields of ox-hide, the colors of which distinguished the
different regiments they were formed into, melted away with broken power
into comparative insignificance before the terrible rifles of a few
hundred emigrant Dutch Boers, who, in their turn, gave way to the
energetic action of the British authorities. The Zulus often have
serious intestine wars among themselves. The principal Zulu tribes are
the Amazulu, the Amahute, Amazwazi, and Amatabele. The last, under the
chief Moselikatze, have emigrated far to the north, where, among the
mountains which separate the valley of the Limpopo from the basin of the
Zambesi, they still issue forth, and carry their depredations as far
north as the Lake Nyassa, where they were found by Dr. Livingstone. A
war broke out in the latter part of 1878, or beginning of 1879, between
the British and the Zulus, and on January 22, 1879, the British were
defeated with terrible slaughter about 10 miles in front of Rorke’s
drift; their loss in killed being put down at 30 officers, about 500
enlisted men of the Imperial troops, and 700 enlisted men of the
Colonial troops. It seems that the troops were enticed away from their
camp, as the action took place about one mile and a quarter from it. The
camp containing surplus ammunition, etc., of the British force was taken
by the Zulus, but was occupied after dark the same night by British
troops. About the same time Rorke’s drift was attacked by some 3000 or
4000 Zulus; its defense by some 80 men of the 24th Regiment was most
gallant, 370 bodies lay close around the post; the loss of the Zulus was
estimated at 1000 here alone. At the camp where the disaster occurred,
the loss of the Zulus was computed at over 2000. The Zulus are even more
formidable than the military authorities expected; they are well
drilled, great numbers are armed with breech-loaders, and they fight
courageously. It is now known but too well how large a force they can
mass at one point. Lord Chelmsford, the commander of the English forces
in Zululand, after suffering some additional reverses, was superseded in
June, 1879, by Sir Garnet Wolesley. Eugene Louis Jean Napoleon, prince
imperial of France, participated as a volunteer with the British forces
against the Zulus, and was killed (about the end of May or the beginning
of June) while on a reconnoissance under the command of Col. Wood; he
was suddenly beset by Zulus and assagaied, receiving no less than
seventeen wounds. Prince Napoleon was born in Paris on March 16, 1856.
He received his “Baptism of Fire” at the battle of Saarbruck, August 2,
1870, during the Franco-German war, in company with his father, the
emperor. After the fall of the empire and the death of his father he
resided in England, and graduated with high honors at the Military
Academy at Woolwich. The war was terminated in the latter part of 1879,
by the total defeat of the Zulus and the capture of the king Cetawayo.
=Zumbooruks= (Pers. _Zumboor_, “wasp”). Diminutive swivel artillery,
carried on the backs of camels.
=Zurich.= A town of Switzerland, capital of the canton of the same name,
at the northern extremity of the Lake of Zürich, 60 miles northeast from
Berne. The Swiss defeated the Austrians near this town in 1443, and in
1799 the French defeated the Russians and Austrians before it. In 1859 a
treaty between Austria, France, and Sardinia was signed here, and
Lombardy sold by Austria to the king of Sardinia for £10,000,000.
=Zutphen.= An inland town of Holland, in the province of Gelderland, on
the Yssel, 16 miles northeast from Arnheim. It is fortified and rendered
peculiarly strong by its situation, which is in the midst of drained
fens. It formerly belonged to the Hanseatic League, and was taken by Don
Frederick of Toledo in 1572; by Prince Maurice in 1591; and by the
French in 1672. The gallant and accomplished Sir Philip Sidney, author
of “Arcadia,” was mortally wounded in the battle fought here on
September 22, 1586, between the Spaniards and the Dutch. He was serving
with the English auxiliaries, commanded by the Earl of Leicester.
=Zypersluys= (Holland). Here Sir Ralph Abercromby defeated an attack of
the French under Brune, September 9, 1799.
APPENDIX.
EMBRACING WORDS CASUALLY OMITTED IN THE BODY OF THE WORK AND THE
ARTICLES OF WAR.
A.
=Acanzi.= In military history, the name of the Turkish light-horse who
formed the vanguard of the sultan’s army.
=Adoni=, or =Adonani=. A city in Hindostan, formerly strongly fortified;
captured by Tippoo Sahib in 1787; sold to England after his death in
1800.
=Afabuar= (_Fr._). Color-bearer of the ancient Icelanders. Every
war-vessel had one of these officers aboard, who commanded the soldiers.
These officers were selected for this duty for their bravery.
=Alains= (_Fr._). People of ancient Sarmatia; they followed the Huns in
their invasions, and penetrated as far as Spain in the 6th century.
=Alexandria.= A port in Egypt, where, on March 21, 1801, the French army
destined by Napoleon Bonaparte to conquer Egypt, and afterwards proceed
to India with hostile designs, was routed by the British under Sir Ralph
Abercromby. The town capitulated to Hutchinson on September 2, 1801; and
surrendered upon a subsequent occasion to Gen. Fraser, on March 20,
1807.
=Allezoir.= A frame of timber firmly suspended in the air with strong
cordage, on which is placed a piece of ordnance with the muzzle
downwards. In this situation the bore is rounded and enlarged by means
of an instrument which has a very sharp and strong edge made to traverse
the bore by force of machinery, or horses, and in a horizontal
direction.
=Allezures.= The metal taken from the cannon by boring.
=Ancient.= A term formerly used to express the grand ensign or standard
of an army.
=Anspessade= (_Fr._). This term was originally used to denote dismounted
horsemen, who were obliged to serve temporarily in the infantry, and who
broke off the tops of their lances so as to reduce their length to that
of the halberds of the sergeants. Also, a non-commissioned officer who
acts subordinate to a corporal; a lance-corporal.
=Antoninus, Wall of.= Was a rampart or defense (the remains of which
still exist under the name of _Graham’s Dyke_), which was erected in
Scotland in 139 by the Romans against the incursions of the North
Britons.
=Aquileia= (=Istria=). Made a Roman colony about 180 B.C., and fortified
A.D. 168. Constantine II. was slain in a battle with Constans, fought at
Aquileia towards the close of March, 340. Maximus was defeated and slain
by Theodosius, near Aquileia, July 28, 388. Theodosius defeated Eugenius
and Arbogastes, the Gaul, near Aquileia, and remained sole emperor,
September 6, 394. Eugenius was put to death, and Arbogastes died by his
own hand, mortified by his overthrow. In 452 Aquileia was almost totally
destroyed by Attila the Hun, and near it in 489 Theodoric and the
Ostrogoths totally defeated Odoacer, the king of Italy.
=Auberoche, Guienne.= In Southern France. The Earl of Derby defeated the
French, besieging this place, August 19, 1344.
=Auray= (Northwest France), Here on September 29, 1364, the English
under John Chandos defeated the French and captured their leader, Du
Guesclin. Charles of Blois, made duke of Brittany by the king of France,
was slain, and a peace was made in April, 1365.
B.
=Band, Military.=[1] Consists of a body of musicians attached to each
army regiment or battalion. The law provides for a band at the Military
Academy at West Point. And for each artillery, cavalry, and infantry
regiment a chief musician, who shall be instructor of music; and for
each artillery and infantry regiment two principal musicians; each
cavalry regiment to have one chief trumpeter. Musicians for regimental
bands are enlisted as soldiers, and formed under the direction of the
adjutant, but are not permanently detached from their companies, and are
instructed in all the duties of a soldier.
[1] Incorrectly printed in the body of the work.
=Bander= (_Fr._). To unite; to intrigue together for the purpose of
insurrection.
=Barry.= In heraldry, the term applied to a shield which is divided
transversely into four, six, or more equal parts, and consisting of two
or more tinctures interchangeably disposed. _Barry-bendy_ is where the
shield is divided into four, six, or more equal parts, by diagonal
lines, the tincture of which it consists being varied interchangeably.
_Barry-pily_ is where the shield is divided by diagonal lines, the
different colors being interchanged.
=Bassinet= (_Fr._). The pan of a musket.
=Bautzen.= A town in Saxony, near which desperate battles were fought
May 20-22, 1813, between the French, commanded by Napoleon, and the
allies under the emperor of Russia and the king of Prussia. The struggle
commenced on the 19th, with a contest on the outposts, which cost each
army a loss of above 2000 men. On the 20th (at Bautzen), the French were
more successful; and on the 21st (at Murschen), the allies were
compelled to retire; but Napoleon obtained no permanent advantages from
these sanguinary engagements. Duroc was killed at Rachenbach by a
cannon-ball on May 22, to the great sorrow of the emperor and the French
army.
=Beaver=, or =Bever=. That part of a helmet covering the lower part of
the face, which shifted on pivots to allow the wearer to drink. The word
is derived from the Latin word _bevere_, to drink.
=Bethune.= A town of France, in the department Pas-de-Calais; it is
strongly fortified, part of the works and the citadel having been
constructed by Vauban; taken by the French in 1645; retaken by the
allies in 1710, but was restored to France by the treaty of Utrecht,
1714.
=Biset= (_Fr._). Was a member of the national guard who performed his
duty in civilian’s dress, before the wearing of uniform on duty was made
obligatory.
=Blackstock’s Hill.= A hill situated in South Carolina, United States,
memorable for the victory the Americans gained over the English in 1780.
=Blakemere.= A village of England, near where a memorable battle was
fought between the Scots and the troops of Edward II. of England, in
which the latter were defeated.
=Blumenau.= In Lower Austria; on July 22, 1866, the Austrians in
possession of this place were attacked by the Prussians on their march
towards Vienna, a severe conflict was interrupted by the news of the
armistice agreed to at Nikolsburg; and the same evening Austrians and
Prussians bivouacked together.
=Brabant.= Part of Holland and Belgium, an ancient duchy, part of
Charlemagne’s empire, fell to the share of his son Charles. In the 17th
century it was held by Holland and Austria, as Dutch Brabrant and the
Walloon provinces, and underwent many changes through the wars in
Europe. The Austrian division was taken by the French in 1746 and 1794.
It was united to the Netherlands in 1814, but South Brabant was given to
the kingdom of Belgium, under Leopold, 1830. The heir of the throne of
Belgium is styled Duke of Brabant.
=Braquemart=, or =Jacquemart= (_Fr._). In antiquity, a two-edged
broadsword.
=Breda.= A strongly fortified town of Holland; taken by Prince Maurice
of Nassau in 1590; by the Spaniards under Spinola in 1625, and by the
Dutch in 1637; taken by the French in 1793. The French garrison was
expelled by the burgesses in 1813.
=Briche= (_Fr._). A machine of war formerly used to throw stones.
=Broad Arrow.= A mark for goods belonging to the royal dock-yards or
navy, England; is said to have been ordered to be used in 1698, in
consequence of robberies.
=Brussels.= Once capital of Austrian Brabant, now of Belgium (since
1831), was founded by St. Gery, of Cambray, in the 7th century. It was
bombarded and captured by Marshal Villeroi in 1695; taken by the French
in 1701 at the beginning of the War of Succession; captured by the Duke
of Marlborough in 1706; by the French under Marshal Saxe in 1747, and by
Gen. Dumouriez in 1794; the revolution commenced in 1830.
C.
=Cabacle= (_Fr._). Military coat of the modern Grecians.
=Cabas= (_Fr._). A large shield or buckler, which served to protect the
archers who attacked in intrenchments.
=Cage de la Bascule= (_Fr._). A space into which one part of a
draw-bridge falls, whilst the other rises and conceals the gate.
=Calosiers.= Soldiers of ancient Egypt, who with the _Hermotybes_
composed the particular guard of the king.
=Calotte= (_Fr._). The back plate of a sword-handle; the cap of a
pistol; species of skull-cap worn by French cavalry, sabre-proof, made
of iron or dressed leather.
=Candjiar=, or =Canjar=. A kind of crooked Turkish sabre.
=Carcas= (_Fr._). The name given to a quiver during the Middle Ages.
=Chadd’s Ford.= A village in Delaware Co., Pa., on the Brandywine Creek.
Near here was fought the battle of Brandywine, September 11, 1777.
=Charlestown.= A former city and seaport of Middlesex Co., Mass.; is now
a northern suburb of Boston. Was burnt by the British forces under Gen.
Gage, June 17, 1775. On Bunker’s Hill a monument is erected
commemorating the battle of that name, which was fought June 17, 1775.
=Charlestown.= A village of Jefferson Co., West Va. In this place John
Brown was tried and executed, December, 1859. On October 18, 1863, a
Confederate force of 1200 or 1400 men, under Gen. Imboden, surrounded
the place at daylight, and attacked the Union troops stationed there.
Being surprised, they were panic-stricken, and, flying in confusion,
were nearly all captured. The place was recaptured within an hour by a
force of U. S. troops under Col. George D. Wells, and the Confederates
driven from the town.
=Chateau Cambresis.= A fortified town of French Flanders, on the Selle,
where the French republican army was defeated by the Duke of York in
April, 1794.
=Cherry Valley.= A village of Otsego Co., N. Y. It was the scene of a
dreadful massacre by the Tories and Indians in the British service,
October 11, 1778. Thirty-two inhabitants, nearly all women and children,
were murdered, besides sixteen soldiers of the Continental army. The
rest of the citizens were made prisoners and taken away, and all the
buildings were burned.
=Chickasaw Bluffs, Battle of.= Before Vicksburg, Miss. The U. S. forces
under Gen. W. T. Sherman assaulted this strongly fortified position,
December 29, 1862, but, though the head of the assaulting column reached
the works, the severe fire from the rifle-pits and batteries caused them
to fall back to the point of starting, leaving many dead, wounded, and
prisoners on the field. The Confederate loss was but light.
=Clipeadus.= So were called, in ancient times, the soldiers who were
armed with the Grecian buckler, which was large and round. By _clipeadus
chlamyde_ was understood combatants, who, in place of the shield, wound
their coats (chlamyde) around their left arms.
=Clunaculum.= A poniard carried by certain Roman troops in ancient
times. It was so called because it was carried on the back of the
soldier.
=Cnemidas.= A kind of leggings, made of bronze, which were worn by
Grecian soldiers.
=Cnidos= (now _Crio_). A town of Anatolia, in Asia Minor; in its
neighborhood a battle was fought between the Lacedæmonian and Persian
fleets in 394 B.C.; the latter gained the victory.
=Colismarde= (_Fr._). A long, slender sword.
=Colletin= (_Fr._). So was called, in ancient times, that part of an
armor which protected the neck and upper part of the breast.
=Custozza.= Near Verona, Northern Italy. Here the Italians were defeated
by Marshal Radetzky, July 23, 1848; and here they were again defeated,
June 24, 1866, after a series of desperate attacks on the Austrian army.
The Italians were commanded by their king, Victor Emmanuel, and the
Austrians by the Archduke Albrecht.
D.
=Davids Island.= An island of 100 acres in Long Island Sound, within the
township limits of New Rochelle, Westchester Co., N. Y. It was purchased
in 1867 by the U. S. government, to be used for military purposes.
=Dinkelsbuhl.= A town of Bavaria, surrounded with a high wall, flanked
with towers and ditches. It suffered much during the Thirty Years’ War.
=Dorylæum= (_Phrygia_). Soliman, the Turkish sultan of Iconium, having
retired from the defense of Nicæa, his capital, was here defeated with
great loss by the Crusaders, July 1, 1097.
=Douglas.= An ancient noble family of Scotland. The earls of Douglas,
the earls of Angus, and the earls of Morton belonged to this family. Sir
James Douglas, surnamed “The Good,” was the founder of their fame and
grandeur. He commanded the left wing at Bannockburn in 1314, and was
killed by the Saracens in Spain about 1330, in a pilgrimage to
Palestine. James the second, earl of Douglas, was a famous warrior, and
was killed at the battle of Otterburn in 1388. Archibald the Grim, third
earl, fought for the French at Poitiers, and died about 1400. He was
succeeded by his son Archibald, fourth earl, who displayed great courage
at the battle of Shrewsbury (1403), where he fought against Henry IV.,
and rendered important services to Charles VII. of France, who rewarded
him with the duchy of Touraine. He was killed at the battle of Verneuil,
in France, in 1424.
=Dry Tortugas.= A group of ten small, low, barren islands belonging to
Monroe Co., Fla. These islands served as a place of imprisonment for
persons under sentence by courts-martial during the late civil war.
Several criminals concerned in the conspiracy in which President Lincoln
was murdered were confined here.
E.
=Egard= (_Fr._). An ancient tribunal of Malta which decided, by
commission, suits among the knights.
=Eleasa.= In Palestine; here Judas Maccabæus was defeated and slain by
Bacchides and Alcimus, and the Syrians about 161 B.C.
=Entrenchments.= The field-works which are hastily thrown up to cover a
force in position.
=Erivan=, =Irvin=, or =Irivan=. A fortified town of Russian Armenia,
situated on the Zenghi. It was taken by the Turks in 1553 and 1582, but
recovered by Abbas the Great, 1604; after being several times captured,
it was ceded to Persia, 1769. The Russians blockaded this place during
six months in 1808, and were repulsed, with great slaughter, in an
attempt to storm it. In 1827, however, it was taken by them.
=Ermin.= An order of knights instituted in 1450, by Francis I., duke of
Bretagne, and which formerly subsisted in France. The collar of this
order was of gold, composed of ears of corn in saltire, at the end of
which hung the ermine, with the inscription _a ma vie_. But the order
expired when the dukedom of Bretagne was annexed to France.
=Erouad=, or =Erroad=. A town of Hindostan, in the province of
Coimbetoor. This town was reduced in size during the reign of Tippoo
Sahib; and during the invasion of Gen. Meadows the town was destroyed.
It was taken by the British in 1790, and retaken by Tippoo; but it came
into the final possession of the British, along with the province, in
1799.
=Evans Rifle.= See MAGAZINE GUNS.
F.
=Fabian.= Delaying; dilatory; avoiding battle, in imitation of Quintus
Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, a Roman general who conducted military
operations against Hannibal, by declining to risk a battle in the open
field, but harassing the enemy by marches, countermarches, and
ambuscades.
G.
=Gad.= The first-born of Zilpah, Leah’s maid, was the seventh son of
Jacob. The _tribe_ of Gad numbered in the wilderness of Sinai more than
40,000 fighting-men. Nomadic by nature, they preferred to remain on the
east side of Jordan, and were reluctantly allowed to do so by Joshua, on
condition of assisting their countrymen in the conquest and subjugation
of Canaan. The men of Gad--if we may judge from the eleven warriors who
joined David in his extremity--were a race of stalwart heroes; “men of
might, and men of war, fit for the battle, that could handle shield and
buckler, whose faces were like the faces of lions, and were as swift as
the roes upon the mountains.”
=Gomer Chamber.= Chamber of the 24-pounder Coehorn mortar; it is in the
form of a frustum of a cone, superior diameter 3 inches, and inferior, 2
inches.
=Gore.= In heraldry, a charge consisting of one-third of the shield cut
off by two arched lines, one drawn from the dexter or sinister chief,
and the other from the bottom of the escutcheon, meeting in the fess
point. A _gore sinister_ is enumerated by heralds as one of the
abatements or marks of dishonor borne for unknightly conduct. See
GUSSET.
=Guelf=, =Guelph=, or =Welf=. The name of a noble family in Germany, the
founder of which lived in the time of Charlemagne.
H.
=Half Merlons.= The merlons at the ends of the parapet.
=Harrow.= In a military sense, means to lay waste; to ravage; to
destroy.
=Here.= Is a word used by soldiers at a regimental roll-call, to
intimate their presence.
M.
=Magnano.= In Northern Italy; here Scherer and a French army were
defeated by the Austrians under Kray, April 5, 1799.
=Mars.= The name of the Roman god of war, was a contraction of _Mavors_.
He was supposed to be a son of Jupiter and Juno, and was identified with
the Ares of Greek mythology. According to Ovid he was a son of Juno, but
had no father. Homer and other poets relate that Mars fought for the
Trojans at the siege of Troy, and was wounded by Diomede. Mars was
believed to love war for its own sake, and to delight in carnage. He is
usually represented as a grim soldier in full armor,--sometimes as
driving furiously in a war-chariot.
=Moliones=, or =Molionidæ=. Regarded as the sons of Neptune (Poseidon);
according to Homer the Moliones, when yet boys, took part in an
expedition of the Epeans against Neleus and the Pylians. When Hercules
marched against Augeas, the latter intrusted the conduct of the war to
the Moliones; but as Hercules was taken ill, he concluded peace with
Augeas, whereupon his army was attacked and defeated by the Molionidæ.
In order to take vengeance, he afterwards slew them near Cleonæ, on the
frontiers of Argolis. Their sons, Amphimachus and Thalpius, led the
Epeans to Troy.
N.
=Nugent.= The name of a noble family, originally from Normandy, who
settled in Ireland in the 12th century. Richard Nugent was created by
King James I. earl of Westmeath in 1621. George Thomas John Nugent, born
in 1785, became marquis of Westmeath in 1822. Sir George Nugent,
grandson of Viscount Clare, born in 1757, served in America and the
Netherlands. He was successively appointed governor of Jamaica and
commander-in-chief of the army in the West Indies, and in 1846
field-marshal. Died in 1849. His brother, Sir Charles Edmund Nugent,
served with distinction under Rodney, and was created admiral of the
blue in 1808. In 1833 he received the title of admiral of the fleet.
Died in 1844.
P.
=Paneas=, or =Panius= (Syria). Here Antiochus the Great defeated Scopas,
the Egyptian general, and his Greek allies, 198 B.C.
=Percy.= The name of an ancient and noble English family, descended from
William de Percy, who, in the reign of William the Conqueror, possessed
several manors in the counties of Lincoln and York. He was probably a
Norman. In the reign of Edward I. a Henry de Percy acquired Alnwick and
other estates in Northumberland. Another Henry de Percy, in the reign of
Edward III., married Mary Plantagenet, a great-granddaughter of King
Henry III., and had two sons, Henry, earl of Northumberland, and Thomas,
earl of Worcester. Henry Percy, surnamed Hotspur, a son of Henry last
named, rebelled against Henry IV., and was killed at the battle of
Shrewsbury (1408). A son of Hotspur was restored to the earldom, fought
for the house of Lancaster, and fell at Saint Albans, in 1455, leaving
several sons, who were killed in the war of the Roses. In the reign of
Elizabeth, a Percy, earl of Northumberland, was executed for rebellion
(1572).
=Pharaoh.= The term applied in the Bible to the kings of Egypt, of which
many explanations have been proposed, as _pa-ra_, “the sun;” _pi-ouro_,
“the king;” _per-aa_, “the great house,” “court;” _pa-ra-anh_, or “the
living sun.” None of these etymologies are altogether satisfactory, some
not being found at an early period. It is still less possible to connect
it with the name of any Egyptian monarch, and it must have been a common
appellation like _khan_, _cæsar_, or _czar_. Pharaoh is the one under
whom the Israelites were in bondage, and who compelled them to build the
treasure-cities of Pithom and Rameses of bricks; and it was under him or
his successor that Egypt was afflicted with the ten plagues, and that
Moses and Aaron led the Israelites out of Egypt, and the Egyptian army
in its pursuit of the retreating Israelites was drowned in the sea,
although it is doubtful if Pharaoh perished with them. The identical
Egyptian monarch who was the Pharaoh of the Exodus has been a subject of
dispute, but it is principally confined to the period of the eighteenth
and nineteenth dynasties. The other Pharaohs mentioned in the Bible are
the father of Hadad the Edomite, supposed to be a king of the
twenty-second dynasty; the father-in-law of Solomon; one of the
predecessors of Sheshanka or Shishak; that monarch himself, who overran
the Holy Land and pillaged Jerusalem; Tirhakah the Ethiopian, who for a
time wrested Egypt from the Assyrians; Nekau or Necho II., who invaded
Palestine to reduce it to subjection, then in alliance with the
Assyrians, but was finally defeated at Carchemish by Nebuchadnezzar,
then at a youthful age, 605 B.C.; and Uah-pa-ra, Hophra or Apries, of
the twenty-sixth dynasty, who marched to relieve the siege of Jerusalem,
causing the Babylonians to retire for a while, although it was finally
taken by Nebuchadnezzar, 588 B.C. It is remarkable that the Ethiopian
Kings Zerah and so mentioned in the Bible are not styled Pharaohs, like
the Egyptian rulers, as if for some reason they had not the same title
or were recognized as lawful rulers of the country.
=Phylarque= (_Fr._). A Grecian cavalry officer who commanded the cavalry
of his tribe.
R.